LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Tnh Ton My Bm Nc - ng Nc
Tnh Ton My Bm Nc - ng Nc
I. Thuyt Minh:

- Chn bm nc bnh thng trong cng nghip th 4 yu t chnh l lu lng, ct p, nht (khi bi to
cn s tnh ton chi tit) v kch thc ng ng.
- Trong ct p l phn phc tp nht, ta chn mt tuyt ng ng di nht t ni t bn nc bm n
tr cn bm, khi tn tht ct p trn on ny l cao nht. Trong tuyn ng chnh c nhiu kch thc
ng ng khc nhau th ta tnh tn tht trn tng on. Sau cng tng cng cc ct p li ra ct p tng to
b tuyn ng.
- Tuy nhin c nhiu cch tnh ton bm nc trong dn dng theo kinh nghim, hay khi d thu hay cn
trnh ln cn qu trnh tnh ton chi tit hn chn bm chnh xc hn.
- Do nng lc c hn, nn mnh vit mt s cch tnh ton m mnh bit.

II. Cch tnh ton my bm thng dng: ( tm thng s lu lng, ct p, ng ng).

1. Tnh ton theo kinh nghim: (nc thng 25~ 30oC, khng tnh nht).
- V lu lng: n v m3/h hoc lt/pht (L/min). Chn theo lu lng mnh cn.
v d:
+ Trong mt gi th bm y bn 3 mt khi => lu lng 3 khi/gi.
+ Mun bm y 2 bn, mi bn 4 mt khi trong 3 gi =>8 khi/3gi =>2,7 khi/gi.
+ Trn my c sn lu lng cn bm qua, ri ly tng lu lng cc my ra lu lng chnh.

- V ct p: t im thp nht n im cao nht (theo mt cao) + tn tht p trn co ct t, ma st thnh

ng (do ng sn xi hoc ng kch c nh) + tn tht p khi chy qua ti. Nu c nhiu u nc ra, th ta ch
tuyn ng ng di nht tnh t v tr bm t c tn tht p sut cao nht.

+ im thp nht n im cao nht v tr ra ct p hi (tc l nc t tun hon tr li bm

+ Ly theo kinh nghip mt co vung bng 3% ct p tng, t th ly 2 % ct p tng. Ly 5 mt theo chiu

ngang bng 1 mt theo chiu cao.
+ Tn tht p khi chy qua ti nu ti c sn thng s tn tht p lc.
+ Sau khi c c ct p mnh nhn thm h s an ton 1,4 ln ct p tng. Ri bo kt qu cho bn bn b
nc bit (v nhu cu s dng, lu lng, ct p) nh sn xut tra th v chn bm bo gi cho bn.
- V Kch thc ng ng: (ch cn c thng s lu lng). Da vo cng thc:

Vn tc nc da vo tiu chun vit nam 4513-1988. Download TCVN 4513 - 1988

mc 6.5 Trang 14 Trong tiu chun. Ly nc dng cho mi nhu cu sinh hot vn tc V = 1,2
m/s v cha chy l 2,5 m/s.
VD: Gi s Q = 28,8 l/s, dng cho cha chy V = 2,5 m/s.

Email : info@lopthietkedien.com

LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

=> D = V-(4 x 28,8 / 3,14 x 25) = 1.21 dm hay phi121 => ng DN150 (hoc DN125).
2. Tnh ton theo cng thc bn cu ha: (nc thng 25~ 30oC, khng tnh nht).
- V lu lng: nh trn.v.v.
- V Kch thc ng ng: nh trn.v.v.
- V ct p: Ct p H = H1 + H2 +H3.

+ H1: l tng ca ct p cao nht ( tc l p lc nc theo cao t v tr t bm n ni xa nht ca h

thng. Kinh nghim 5 mt ngang bng 1 mt cao.
+ H2: ct p phun nc ti u ra .
+ H3: tn tht p ti co ct t trn ng ng (tn tht cc b) v ma st ng ng.
V D:
-- Gi s: khong cch t bm n ni cn bm cao l 40 m, ng i ngang 20 m, lu lng 104 m3/h hay
28,8 l/s.
-- ct p cao H1 = 40+4 = 44 mt cao.
-- H2 ly bng 5 mt phun theo cao.
-- H3 = Ha + Hb = A x L x Q2 + 10%*Ha
Hb = 10%*Ha l tn tht qua t, co trn ton h thng.
Q: lu lng nc qua ng (l/s)
L: chiu di ca on ng (m)
Vi A l sc cn ma st t ng (mi ng li c sc cn khc nhau). A ly theo tiu chun vit nam 45131988. => nh v d trn ng knh ng l DN150 => A = 0,00003395
=> H3 = 0,00003395 x (40+20) x 28,82 +10%*Ha = 2 mt nc.
Vy H = 44 + 5 + 2 = 51 mt nc. v lu lng l 104 m3/h = 1728 l/min => tra th th bm l chn

bm 40 hp (30 Kw in), ng ng DN150.

3. Tnh ton theo cng thc chi tit:
- V lu lng: nh trn.v.v.
- V Kch thc ng ng: nh trn.v.v.
- V ct p: Ct p H = H1 + H2 +H3. Vi H3 = Pma st + Pcc b
Trong :
Pms : Tn tht ma st ng ng, Pa
Pcb: Tn tht p sut cc b, Pa

Email : info@lopthietkedien.com

LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Nht ca nc theo bng sau: v d 7oC th nht l 1,306 x 10 -6 m2/s.

Email : info@lopthietkedien.com

LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

+ Tc l Bi ton tnh H3 th t nh sau:
o
o

o
o
o

u tin xc nh nhit ca nc. VD nh nc thng 30 oC => nht 0,8 x 10 -6 m2/s, khi l

ring ca nc 1000 Kg/m3. 2 i lng trn thay i theo nhit v loi vt cht khc.
in thng s vo cng thc Reynol tnh dng chy ri hay tng thay vo cng thc. vi tc
nc chnh l vn tc nc (2,5 m/s hoc 2 m/s). V d l ng knh ca ng tnh ra khi c lu
lng.
Sau tnh h s .
Thay vo cng thc tnh Pms. Vi mt nc thay vo l 1000 Kg/m3.
Tnh Pcb: kh khn h s tr khng cc b ta da vo bng tra thng s k thut ca nh sn xut
hoc theo cch tnh trang 6-7chng 10 gio trnh iu Ha v thng gi (s lng co, ct, t,
gim.v.v.). Tr khng cc b bng tng cc tr khng cc co, t, cc v cc van nc.

+ V d bi ton nh sau: ng ng di 60 mt, Lu lng nc 28,8 l/s, ng ng DN150, nc thng

30oC. V = 2,5 m/s. ng ng c 2 van v 1 co 90o.
=> nht 0,8 x 10 -6 m2/s.

=> Re = 2,5 x 0,15/0,8 x 10 -6 =47 x 104 >104. => dng chy ri.
=> = 1/(1,82 log 47 x 104 - 1,64)2 = 0,01.
=> Pms = 0,01 x 60 x 1000 x 2,52/(0,15 x2) = 12500 Pa ~ 1,27 mt nc cao.
=> Pcb vi mi van c tr khng cc b l 2,5 v co 90o l 0,6. Tr khng cc b tng l 5,6.
Pcb = 5,6 x 1000 x 2,52/2 = 17500 Pa ~ 1,78 mt nc cao.

H3 = 1,27 + 1,78 = 3,05 mt nc cao (> 2 mt nc cao trn v cha xt n tn tht c

van).
4. Tnh ton Bng phn mm:
+ Mnh s dng phn mm pipe flow wizard V1.12. Download Ti y
o
o
o

Phn mm ch yu tnh ct p H (ct p tng trn ng ng).

y l cch tnh ton nhanh nht c kt qu tng i nht.
Nh nhng trong vic tra 3 i lng: nht v khi lng theo nhit , tn tht cc b
ng ng khi cha tm c tr khng cc b trn catalogue.

Phn mm c 4 phn, tuy nhin ta ch tp trung vo phn u tin l tnh p sut (find Pressure). Giao din m
hnh nh sau:

Email : info@lopthietkedien.com

LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Cc bc th t nh sau:
a. Chn h n v l metric, Lu lng chn l m3/hr.

b. Internal roughness: i din cho sc cn hay sn si mt ng, ta khng in vo. Ta ch

in click chn vo Pipe material chn loi vt liu ng (ng nha regid PVC, ng thp steel,
ng inox stainless.v.v.). Mi loi ng c nhm khc nhau.
c. internal diameter: chn ng knh trong ca ng (ng DN 15 (phi 21), DN 20 (phi 27), D
25 (phi 34), DN 32 (phi 42), DN 40 (phi 49), DN 50 (phi 60), DN 65 (phi 76), DN 80 (phi 90), D
100 (phi 114), DN 125 (phi 146), DN 150.v.v. Ta t chn v nhp vo kch thc ng DN XX.
d. Length (mt): chiu di tng ng ng (ng ngang + ng cao). V d trn l 40 + 20 =60 m
ng.
e. Elevation change:(H1+H2) cao ct p nc t im thp nht n im cao nht v ct
mong mun ti u phun nc ra ngoi.
V d trn l 40 mt cao + u ra ng thm 5 mt phun cao =45 mt. 2 la chn: Rise l cng th
vo (bm t thp ln cao) v Fall l tr ra (Bm t cao xung thp).
f. Flow: lu lng dng chy (m3/hr, lt/pht). Chn m3/hr. Nhp theo lu lng mun tnh.
g. none: chn s lng co ct t van trn ng ng, my tnh tr khng cc b tng thit b
Thng th khng c van lc (value filter). V van lc gy tn tht p sut ln nht trn h thng,
nn ta phi bt but tra trm cng ring ct p vo bi ton khi kt thc.

Email : info@lopthietkedien.com

LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

h. Water @ 20oC (68oF): click phi vo n, chn nhit nc thng 30oC (86oF). My t tr
cu v a ra thng s nht Centistokes 0,802. V khi lng ring Relative density 0,996
tn/m3.

i. Click vo Calculate Pressure Drop: Ra ct p tng ( cng p sut tn tht) Pressure

Drop. n v l mhd hoc bar.

III. Chn Cng sut in cho bm nc: (khi c ct p v lu lng).

1. Tnh cng sut bm theo cng thc thng: Khng chnh xc bng tra th bm c sn ca hn

sn xut, v hiu sut s dng l ly ty .

Cng sut in Pbm(walt in) = p lc (Pa) x 10-3 x Lu Lng(lt/giy)/hiu sut s dng (n=0,65
0,9).
i t ct p mt nc ra p lc Pa ri thay vo cng thc.

Email : info@lopthietkedien.com

LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

VD: Mun bm bn 2 khi, bn t trn nc ta nh 3 tng cao 14 mt so vi v tr cp nc t mng nc s

hot, ng ng i theo chiu ngang tng l 10 mt. Dng ng thp, phi 34 (DN25), dng 4 co vung.
=> chiu di tng 14 + 10 = 24 mt tng.
=> chn bn cn 400 lt th bm => bm 1,6 khi/gi = 1600/3600 = 0,4444 lit/giy.

Da vo kt qu 15,227 mt nc = 149328 Pa.

=> Cng sut in = 149328 x 10-3 x 0,44444 / 0,65 = 102,104 Walt in. Nu mun mua bm ta nh

cho h s d tr 1,4 ln. Tc bng 102,104 x 1,4 =142,95 Walt ~1/4 Hp in cho bm.
2 . Tra Th bm tng hng sn xut: Tra th chn cng sut my bm.

Email : info@lopthietkedien.com

LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Email : info@lopthietkedien.com

LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Email : info@lopthietkedien.com