1

E
(.1)

/ :...............
:
.

1. ;
2. ;
1 ;
3. ;
4. ;
5. ;
6.
;
7. ;

1. :
)
)
) ,
)
.
2. ;
) CO2
) HCOONa
) CH4
) NaHCO3

) HCN
) NaCl
) CCl4
) H2CO3

) CH3COOH
) CH3CH2OH
) CO
) HCl

3. :
) 4 .
)
)
)
)
) C-C , .
.
4. , .
, .
) CH3CH2CHCH2

) HCCH

) CH2CHCHCHCH3

) CH2CH2

) CH3CH2CH3

) CHCCH3

5. ;
) CH3-CH=O

) CH3-CH CH

) CH CH-CH3

) CH2=CN

) CH3-O-CH2-CH3

) CH3-CH2-CH3-CH3

) CH2=CH-Cl

) CH3-Br-CH3

) CH3-CH2-CH3

OH

(.1)

/ :...............

:
.

1. ;
2.
;
3. ;
4. ;
5. ;
6. ;
7. ;

1.
C.

) CH3-CH2-CH3

) CH3-CCH

) CH2=CH-CH=CH2

) CH2=CH2

) CH2=CH-CH=O

) CHCH

) CH3-CH2-OH

) CH3-CN

) CH4

) CH3-CH2-COOH

) CH3-CH2-CH

) CH3-C-CH3

2. 1 12.
) ;
)
.

CH3 CH2 C

CH CH3

CH3 CH2

CH3

(1)

H
C

HC

C CH

CH2

H 2C

(2)

CH2
(3)

CH2 CH3
CH3

CH
H 2C

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

CH2

H 2C

CH2

CH3 CH

CH

CH3

(5)

CH2

(6)

(4)

CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH

CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2

NH 2

(7)

CH3

CH3

(8)

CH2

HC

CH2

N
O

H 2C

(9)
CH3
C

HC
HC
CH

CH2

CH3

CH2

CH2 CH2 CH2

NH

CH2
H 2C
H 2C

CH2 CH3

(10)

CH2

(11)

(12)

3. ;
) CH3-CH2=O

) CH3-CH- C-CH3 ) C6H5-C-H ) CH3-C-OH

CH3 O

4. 1
.

CH2

O
(.1)

/ :...............

:
.

..

CvH2v+2

v1

CH3-CH2-CH3

CvH2v

v2

CH2=CH2

CvH2v-2

v2

CHC-CH3

CvH2v-2

v3

CH2=CH-CH=CH2

CvH2v+1X

v1

CH3-CH2-Cl

CvH2v+2O v1

CvH2v+1OH

CH3-CH2-OH

CvH2v+2O

v2

CH3-O-CH3

CvH2vO

v1

CH3-CH=O

CvH2vO

v3

CH3-C-CH3

CvH2vO2

v1

CH3-COOH

CvH2vO2

v2

CH3COOCH3

1.
;
C6H12,

C5H12,

C4H6,

C8H18,

C3H6,

C2H2

2. .. :
) C4H8
) C5H12
) C2H2
) C5H8
N :
)
)
) .

3. :
) CH4O
) C2H4O
) C3H8O
) C2H4O2
N
.

4. ;
) C3H7CH=O
) C5H12O

) C2H6O
) C3H6O2

) C3H6O
) CH4O

5.N 1, 2 6
:
)
)
)
)
)
)

6. ;
) C3H8O
) CH3OC3H7

) CH3CH2CN
) C6H12

)C4H10
)CH3CH2CH=O

7. ;
) C510
) C3H4

) C8H14
) C10H22

) C5H12
) C6H10

8. ;
)C4H8O
)CH3COOH
)CH3OCH3

)C4H10
)C2H6
)CH2O2

)CH3CH2OH
)C3H6

9. :
) C3H6O2
) C6H10
) C2H4O
) C5H10
) CH4O
)C4H8O
) C5H12O

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

O
(.1)

/ :...............
:
.

1 C: -

: -- :

: -

2 C: -

1 . : --

3 C: -

1 . : --

4 C: -

2 . : --

5 C: -

:
-

6 C: ..

1. :
)
)
)

) 2-
) 1,4-
) 2-

) 1,3-
) 3-

2. :
)
) 1-
) 2-

)
)
) 2-

3. :
)
) 1,2,3
)

)
)
)2,2,3

)
)
)

4.
:
) -
) -

) -
) -

) -
) -

5. :
) 2-
)
) 1--2-

) 1,2,3
) 2,3
) 3 .

6.
:

) C-OH

1. 1,3-

O
) C-H

2. 2-..

O
) CH=CH-CH3

3. 3-

) CH3-CH2-CH-CH3

4.

OH
) CH3-CH-CH=CH2

5.

Cl
7. :
) 3-
) 3--2-
) 2--1-

) 4--2-
)2,2--3-
)2--1-

) 2,3,4--1-
) 4--3--1-
) 2,4--1,3-
) 2--2-

8. :
) 2,2

) -2-

) 2-
) 2,2,4-

) 2,3 -2-
)2,3 - 3-

) 2--3-
) 5,6--1--4-

9. :
) CH3OCH3

) CH3CH2CH2OCH3

) CH3OCH2CH3

) CH3OCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

) CH3CH2OCH2CH3

)CH3CHOCH3

) CH3CHOCH2CH3

CH3

CH3
10. :
) CH3COOCH3
) CH3CH2CH2COOCH3

) CH3COOCH2CH3
) CH3CH2COOCH2CH3

) CH3CH2COOCHCH3

) CH3CH2COOCH3

)HCOOCH3
)HCOOCHCH3

CH3

CH3
11. ;
) 3-

) 2,2--1-

) 3,4-

) 2--

) 2-

) 3--2-

) 2--1-

) 1-

12.
.

)
)
) 1,3-
)
)
) -1-
) 2-

1. C2H4O2
2.C4H8
3. C4H8O
4. C5H12
5. C4H10O
6. C4H6
7. C2H4O

13. :

CH

CH3

CH

CH3

CH3

(1)
CH2

CH3

OH

CH3

(4)
CH2

OH

CH3

(8)

CH2

CH2

CH

CH3 CH2 CH3

CH3

CH2

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH

CH2

CH3

CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2

CH3

CH3

(11)

CH2

CH2

CH

14. :

CH2

CH2

CH3

CH3

(16)

CH3 - C C - CH - CH3

CH3 O CH3

CH3

CH3

(9)

OH

CH3 C CH2 C CH3

CH3

CH3

CH2

CH

OH

HCOOH

COOH

CH2

(6)

CH3

(13)

(14)

CH3

CH

(12)

CH2

(3)

CH2CH3

(10)

CH3

CH2

(5)

(7)

CH3

CH3

(2)

CH2

CH3

OH

(15)
CH3
(17)

C
O

OH

CH3

CH3

 CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 - CH3

Br Br
CH3

CH3 C C CH2 CH3

O
CH3
CH3 C - C CH2 C=

CH3 CH3
CH3 - (CH2)2 - CH CH2 CH=O

Cl
CH3 CH - CH2 - CH3

Cl
15. :
()
3--1-
2-
3-
2-
2--2-

()

C5H10O
C4H8O2
C5H8
C5H10
C4H8O
C4H10O

2-
16. :
1. 2
2.

1 - 2 -

3.

2,2 -1-

4.

1 - - 2,2,3,3 -

5.

3,4 - - 2 -

6.

7.

1,1 -

8.

3 - - 1,2 -

9.

3 - - 2 - 4 -

10. 1,2
11. 2
12. 1
13. 2 - 1
14. 2 - - 2
15. 2
16. 2 - 2
17. 2,2 - - 1
18.

2,2,3,3 - - 1

19.

20. 2 -
21.
22. 2 -
23. 2,2 -
24. 2,2,3,3 -
25. 2
26. 3,4 - 2
27. 2 - -
28. 2,3,3 -
29. 3 -
30.
31. 2,3 - - 2 -

I
(.1)

/ :...............
:
.

1. ;
2. ;
3. ;

1. ;
) 1-
)
)
)
2. :
)CH3CH2CH2OH
) CH3CH2CH2CH3
)CH3CHCH2CH3
) CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2

) CH3CH2CH=O

OH
:
) ;
) ;

) ;

3.
;
) CH2=C-CH3
) CH3-CH2-CCH

CH3
) CH3-CH2-C-CH3

) CH3-CH-CCH

CH3

4. N
:
) 1-
1. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2
) 2-
2.CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3
) 2--1-
3. CH3-CH-C-H

CH3 O
4. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH

5. N .

)
) 2-
)
) 2--2-

1. CH3OCH2CH3
2. CH3CH2CH2CH=O
3. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
4. CH3CH2CH=CH2
5. CH3CH2OCH2CH3
6. CH3CHCH=O

CH3

6. :
) C3H6O
.
) C4H6 .
) C5H10 .
)
CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-CH3
7.
:
) C4H10
) C5H12
) C6H14
8.
:
) C4H8
) C5H10
9.
: ) C4H6
) C5H8
10.
C4H10.
11.
C5H11.
12.
: ) C4H8
) C5H10
13.
C5H10O2.