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    Pathophysiology of Gastric Cancer

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    Jerene
    This document summarizes the pathophysiology of gastric cancer. It begins with etiology and predisposing factors such as diet, lifestyle, age, heredity and environment. It then describes how mutations in DNA repair genes and activation of oncogenes leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and division. Cancer cells further mutate and spread laterally and downward in the gastrointestinal tract, replacing normal cells and forming adenomas and adenocarcinomas. These masses can then extend through the stomach and intestines, obstructing passageways and leading to symptoms like bleeding, anemia, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits.

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    Pathophysiology of Gastric Cancer

    Uploaded by

    Jerene
    5K views3 pages
    This document summarizes the pathophysiology of gastric cancer. It begins with etiology and predisposing factors such as diet, lifestyle, age, heredity and environment. It then describes how mutations in DNA repair genes and activation of oncogenes leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and division. Cancer cells further mutate and spread laterally and downward in the gastrointestinal tract, replacing normal cells and forming adenomas and adenocarcinomas. These masses can then extend through the stomach and intestines, obstructing passageways and leading to symptoms like bleeding, anemia, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits.

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    schematic diagram of pathophysiology of gastric cancer

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    This document summarizes the pathophysiology of gastric cancer. It begins with etiology and predisposing factors such as diet, lifestyle, age, heredity and environment. It then describes how mutations in DNA repair genes and activation of oncogenes leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and division. Cancer cells further mutate and spread laterally and downward in the gastrointestinal tract, replacing normal cells and forming adenomas and adenocarcinomas. These masses can then extend through the stomach and intestines, obstructing passageways and leading to symptoms like bleeding, anemia, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    5K views3 pages

    Pathophysiology of Gastric Cancer

    Uploaded by

    Jerene
    This document summarizes the pathophysiology of gastric cancer. It begins with etiology and predisposing factors such as diet, lifestyle, age, heredity and environment. It then describes how mutations in DNA repair genes and activation of oncogenes leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and division. Cancer cells further mutate and spread laterally and downward in the gastrointestinal tract, replacing normal cells and forming adenomas and adenocarcinomas. These masses can then extend through the stomach and intestines, obstructing passageways and leading to symptoms like bleeding, anemia, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits.

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    of 3

    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GASTRIC CANCER

    Etiology:
    Unknown

    Precipitating Factors:
    - Diet/Nutrition: high fat, low fiber,
    undercooked/ charred foods
    - Stress
    - Bowel Habits
    - Lifestyle: smoking, alcoholism

    Predisposing Factors:
    - Age: 40 y/o above
    - Heredity
    - Environment: exposure to
    carcinogens
    - Gender
    - Previous Gastric/ Colon/
    Rectal Ca

    Affects normal cells

    proctooncogenesis

    Mutation in the DNA


    mismatch repair genes

    Activation of oncogenes

    Negative effect on DNA repair

    Tumor suppressors
    deactivates

    Mutated cell multiplies


    Uncontrolled proliferation
    Cells grow and
    divide quickly

    Polyposis collagen
    inactivates

    DNA repair genes


    inactivates

    Permits unchecked
    cellular replication

    Cancer cells divide and proliferate

    Increased cell division

    Cancer cells undergo


    further mutation

    Activation of oncogenes
    Prevents poptosis
    Increased lifespan of
    affected cells
    Replicates just like
    normal cells
    Increased number of
    malignant cells

    Invades epithelia of GIT

    Alters genetic make up of epithelium

    Stem cell transformation

    Lateral and downward


    spread of abnormal cells

    Altered stem cell replicates

    Replaces normal
    cells

    Adenoma
    D

    Extends to adjacent cells


    Adenocarcinoma

    Extends downwards

    Obstructs passageways

    Extends to small
    intestines

    Mass/ Tumor

    Extends to anus
    Extends to rectum

    Tumor bleeds
    Anorectal Mass

    Affects adjacent
    structures

    Hematochezia/
    hemoptisis/
    hematemesis
    Blood loss

    Lymphatic spread
    Extends to
    vaginal wall

    anemia
    pallor

    bleeding

    Foul smelling
    discharge

    Invades/
    compresses nerves
    Back/ pelvic
    pain

    Bowel
    obstruction

    Abdominal
    pain

    Change in bowel
    habbits
    Loss/ decreased
    bowel movements
    Retention of
    fecal matter
    sepsis

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