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    Airbus Patent on Hypersonic Plane

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    Airbus Patent on Hypersonic Plane

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    Airbus Patent on Hypersonic Plane

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pdf
    7 views17 pages

    Airbus Patent On Hypersonic Plane

    Uploaded by

    Amy
    Airbus Patent on Hypersonic Plane

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 17
    2) United States Patent wo sy wo oo ay 22) (86) ) G0) Prampolini et al. ULTRA-RAPID AIR VEHICLE AND RELATED METHOD FOR AERIAL LOCOMOTION Inventors: Marco Prampolint, Chambourey (FR) ‘Yohann Coraboeuf, Mérignac (FR) Assignees: TRIUM SAS, Pasi (FR) EUROPEAN AERONAUTIC DEFENCE AND SPACE COMPANY—EADS FRANCE, Paris (FR) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this pateat is extended or adjusted under 35 USC. 154(b) by 352 days Appl.No: — 15IS16878 PCT Filed: Dee, 20,2010 PCTNo: —PCT/EP2010/070189 $371 0), (2),(4) Date: Aug. 29,2012 PCT Pub, Nos WO20L1/076706 PCT Pub Dae: J 30,2011 Prior Publication Data US 20120325957 AL Dec, 27,2012 Foreign Application Priority Duta Dee. 22,2009 (FR) 09 50366 6) Int.C1 Bosc 3000 (2006.01) BosD 2720 1.01) BAC 310 (2006.01), BOIC S08 (2006.01), (Continued) Us009079661B2 (1) Patent No: US. 9,079,661 B2 (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 14, 2015 13.01); Bosc 3720 (2013.01) (201301); B64 10 2013.01). BIC 23/065 (2013.01): BOAD 27720 (2013.01); B64 2027/026 (2013.01) Bosc 1/14 (2013.01); YO2T $012 (2013.01); YO2P ‘50/764 (2013.01) (58) Field of Clasitication Search USPC ‘244/213, 15,36, 46, 73 R, 87,91. 2441589, 171.1, 1713, 1714 ‘See application file for complete seach history 66) Reforenees Cited US, PATENT DOCUMENTS, 2948764 A 71960 Lane etal BOTS A+ 21963 Grith 249117 (Continued) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS De 2136129 AL 2973 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Intemational Seach Report or BCT/EP2010 070189; Ju. 4, 2011 Primary Examiner —Tien Dink Assistant Examiner — Michael A Fabula (4) Adtorney, Agen, or Firm —Pearne & Gordon LLP on ABSTRACT The invention eoncems an ultre-napd sir vehicle together ‘with amethod of arial locomotion by means ofan ulta-rapid ai vehicle, where the air vehicle is propelled by a system of motors formed of trbojets (TBI, TB2), ramjets (ST1, ST2) ‘anda rocket motoe which can be made streamlined to reduce the drug ofthe base duriag the eruise phase, and where the vehiclebasa gothic detawing(A) fitted with moving fins (al, 2) at both outer ends ofthe tailing edge ofthe dla wing @). 18 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets 96 ‘or oN US 9,079,661 B2 es epee Peet eee na oa BOG WIE (2006.01) 6.938.854 B2* 92005 Nelson 244120 pobre omy aloes eae aa fae eae eee eee 69 on feaale ease nae Sng eta aera USPA ‘UMENTS 20030052232 AL* 3/2003. Hall 244/172 BMG 971 A ‘Walker et al a4qis 2008 0016845 AL* 12004 Nelson 245 8 eee aig tee lees sive our a a prea 2 ic ete ees TN sects gee piesa lca a a ec ed ea eee nena eee ae Cena al 22 cited by examiner US. Patent Sul. 14, 2015 Sheet 1 of 9 US 9,079,661 B2 ig al + i FIG. 1 US. Patent Sul. 14, 2015 Sheet 2 of 9 US 9,079,661 B2 ala2 TRa 7B! 120 = + ng of 15 TRb- a {_lt4__| 113 12 14 US. Patent Jul. 14, 2015 Sheet 3 of 9 US 9,079,661 B2 Mf ata2 US. Patent Sul. 14, 2015 Sheet 4 of 9 US 9,079,661 B2 A-A FIG. 7 on TB2' is Oe FIG. 9 US. Patent Sul. 14, 2015 Sheet 5 of 9 US 9,079,661 B2 US. Patent Sul. 14, 2015 Sheet 6 of 9 US 9,079,661 B2 ? FIG. 14A D2 et Me 3 Ma2 TRb. TRe hs lg te FIG. 148 US. Patent Sul. 14, 2015 Sheet 7 of 9 US 9,079,661 B2 FIG. 14C US. Patent Sul. 14, 2015 Sheet 8 of 9 US 9,079,661 B2 St FIG. 19 US. Patent Sul. 14, 2015 Sheet 9 of 9 US 9,079,661 B2 US 9,079,661 B2 1 ULTRA-RAPID AIR VEHICLE AND RELATED METHOD FOR AERIAL LOCOMOTION ‘TECHNICAL FIELD AND PRIOR ART ‘The iawention concer an ulta-apid air vehicle and a ‘method for aerial locomotion using an sir vehicle in secor- dance withthe air vehicle of the invention ‘Studies on the them of point-to-point whea-apd transport Ihave recently been undertaken in Jan andthe United States, Following on from these initiatives, EADS andl ASTRIUM, hhave also undertaken, alongside the ASP CASTRIUM. SPACE PLANE”) programme, concept sties fora point- to-point utara air vehicle ‘At the current time, the pont-o-pint ultarapid air ‘vehicles which have been produced are the CONCORDE and ‘Tupolev Tu-l44 aireraf, both of which are supersonic. The itra-rapid air vehicle proposed by the present invention «enables the performanee ofboth thes airerat to beimproves very considerably In paricular, the ar vehicle proposed by the present inven tion substantially reduces the noise emitted when the sound barieris broke, also called the supersonic “bangs ths nose has been the main limit, if notte only one, preventing the ‘opening of lines eter than transatlantic ones forthe CON= 2 CORDE aircraft. Account ofthe Invention “The vention reatesto an air vehicle inching a faseloge, a gothic delta wing positioned ether side ofthe useage, and a system of motors able to prope te air vehicle. The ‘vehicles characterisedin that: ‘Thefselage contains tank of hydrogen which squid orn the sate of melted sow (slush, and one or more gud oxygen tanks ‘The gothe delta wing has flat upper surece anda fat lower sure and the wing rt stars roughly in the area where the forward part ofthe fselage broadens; Ain is attsched to each outer end of the trailing edge ofthe delta wing using a eslindrcal part the axis of which is panel tothe axis of the fselags, where euch fin consists fof two roughly identical traezoi-shaped elements attached to the eylindrcal part and located in the same plane, either side ofthe elingsical part, where cach eyline Arca parts able to rotate around its axis suh that both ‘rapezoideshaped elements which reattached tthe eylin- Arca part are positioned ether in plane parallel t the plane ofthe gothic delta wing, or ina plane perpendicular to the gothic delta wing; and “The stem of motors includes at east one turbojet able tobe retracted into the fuselage, and positioned in forward portion the fuselage, atleast one fined-geometry ramjet, and one rocket moor positioned in a rear part o the fise= lage, where a door located inthe ea part ofthe fuselage able to be opened or closed, respectively to expose the rocket motor tothe exterior, ort slate the rocket motor from the exterior. According to an ational characteristic ofthe invention, te fuselage consists of a front segment or nose, which extends a cabin segment, and of a rear segment, where the forward segment is of a constant section which eradvally 1 ‘broadens from the cabin seton, and where the ea sections of @ constant section which gradually narrows towards the rear ofthe vehicle According to another additional charactristic ofthe invene tion the centre of pravity of each liquid oxygen tank spo tioned, whether empty or fll s else as posible tothe centre of gravity ofthe ar vehicle, 8 2 According to yet another ational characteristic ofthe ‘invention, the rocket motor consists either ofa single motor, fof of main motor accompanied by one ar more auxiliary motors. ‘According to yet another additional characteristic of the invention, the vehicle as a leading edge sweep of roughly Derween 70° and 75°, calculated in reference to a straight dela ‘The invention also concerns a method for aerial locomo- ‘ion using an ai vehicle in accordance with the invention, ‘where the method includes a phase of takeof ofthe vehicle, characterised in that the takeof phase includes the following steps: step of axing ofthe vehicle onthe ground, during which the ‘vehicle is propelled by the turbojets to reach a point of alignment on a runway, where both trperoid-shaped cle- ‘mens of th ins ae positioned ina plane parallel othe gothic delta wing in preparation fr takeof step of opening orof verification ofa state of opening ofthe Vehicle's rear door 4 step of takeof, during which the air vehicle is propelled simulaneously by the turbojet or turbojts, and by the rocket motor, where the vehicles gradually brought into phase of near-vertial ascendant fight through the use of 3 ‘ery substantial thrust deployed by the rocket motor, such tha the vehicle reaches ad exceeds MACH I during the ascendant light phase, where the turbojet or trbojets are shut down and withdrawa iato the fuselage before the [MACH I speeds acd, and where the positions ofboth ‘rapezoid-shaped elements ofboth fins oftheair vehicle are gully brought into plane perpendicular othe planeof the gothic delta wing as soon asthe Vehicle eaches andlor exceeds MACH 1 speed, “The invention also concerns a method for aerial looomo- ‘ion using an air vehicle in accordance with the invention, where the method includes a phase of landing ofthe vehicle from cruising flight coeridor in which the vehicle is pro- pelle bya trastof the ramjet or ramjets, where the positions ‘of both trapezoid-shaped elements of both fns are brought into a plane perpendicular to the gothic delta wing, charac- terised in thatthe vehicle's landing phase includes th fal- loving steps: slndowinof the ramjet or amjets; gradual deployment of split laps which bring the vehicle into 1a descent phase ina steep gradient with a reducing tran- sonic near-vertcal spe: ‘gradual modification the postion of both uapezoid-shaped «elements ofboth fins so 3 to positon the ssid elements in «plane parallel tothe plane ofthe gothic deta wing, after the spood ofthe vehicle reaches andlor becomes less than MACH I speed; _aradual closure ofthe split laps and deployment and ignition of the turbojet or turbojet, after the speed of the vehicle becomes less than MACH 1; and insertion ofthe vehicle into standaed air afi ‘According to yet another additional characteristic ofthe invention, the eruising light is characterised by An altitude ofthe srceatt relative tothe ground of oughly ‘between 30000 m and 35000 A dissipation distance ofthe shockwave of the vehicle's nose of roughly between 110 km and 175 km; A peed of the airraf of oughly between Mach 4 and Mach 45:and Anaperture angle ofthe Mach cone of roughly between 11° and 15°, US 9,079,661 B2 3 ‘The ulta-rapid sir vehicle proposed by the imenton has a speed ticethatof CONCORDE, ie. Mach, anda enisng aide ot feast 20 km higher than that of «conventional commerval irra. Tnauiton these broad pelosmanceeharcteiics, the 5 air vehicle of the invention advantageously enables the equivalent of 2-3 tons to be transporte, ic, for example Some twenty passengers and lo oles particularly inp. tant advantage in respect ofthe environmental aspect as a consequence of propulsion inthe acceleration and erise phase provide by combiningoxyan, whichis both on-board (Giguid oxygen and ambien andon-board hydrogen, the fel ofthe fue “The applications envisaged by the wla-rpid sir vehicle are of w kids, namely ivi nd itary In the case of evil applications, the market envisaged is pelncpaly that of bosinest travel snd VIP passenger, who ‘equi transcontinental tur joureys within one ay “The military applications, for theie pa, relate, for example, to srsteie reconnaissince leap anspor of Iihased-valve wood, ndalso equipped elit command. [An offensive derivative of the ar vehicle could carry out precision sks and take out prefered high addedaalue fangs, for example by high-power electromagnetic pulses, also called EMP ("Blectro Magnetic Pulse). As wit satel lites, these vehicle of the invention flrs almost val nv erbility to conventional antairera systems, whilst having the lexibiity and non-reicaility of a eating ical “The performance of he air vehicle ofthe invention allows distances of approximately 9000 km (fr example, Pais-San Franesco or Tokyo-L.os Angeles) 10 be covered in three ours The operational concept andthe architecture ofthe sir vehicle of the aveation allow ‘perations on departre ad ara of tandaedaieport instal Jaions, povided hydrogen and liquid oxygen ein is available; avoidance of interetion with general erasing sir tie (crising atu above the current air eomidrs) cpezations almost inal weater, since the fight altiude is such thatthe meteorological phenomena Which impact satisfy yng are nonexistent ‘maintenance ofan aeronautical nature throughout the vice ‘xcept forth rocketmotrsystem, whichragiresspecitic 4 operations. 8 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES (Other characteristics and advantages ofthe invention will, appear in the light of a preferential embodiment made in reference o the attached figures, among which: FIG. 1 represents view from beneath of an ultra ar vehicle according to the invention; FIG, represents aperspective view ofa particular element ofan ultr-rapid air vehicle according othe invention; FIG. 3ropreseats profile view ofan ukes-apid ae vehicle ‘cording othe invention FIG. 4 represents a hal-view from above of an ulim-rapid air veicle according to the iaveation; @ FIG. S represents front view of a ultra-rapid ir vehicle according othe invention; FIG. 6 represents a lengthways section view ofan uta ‘pid ae vehicle aeconling wo the iaveation: FIGS. 7-11 represent various transverse section views of ‘he ulta-rapidair vehicleof the invention represented in FG 6 s 4 FIG. 12 represents a detiled view of the ultr-rapid air vehicle ofthe invention represented in FIG. 6 FIG. 13 represents a ear perspective view ofthe air vehicle of the iaveation; FIGS. 14A,14B and 14C represent pata rear views ofthe air vehicle ofthe invention for diferent positions of a door ableto expase rocket motor tothe exterior, oF soate it from its FIG. 18 represents a perspetive view ofan ultre-ropid sir vehicle according to the invention: FIG, 1 represents the variation of the centro! pressurcot ‘an ultea-rapid air vehicle of the invention acconting to the speed given in MACH IG. 17 eepeesens the varaton ofthe directional stability ‘of an ultta-rapid ir vehicle of the invention as a funetion of the spood given ia MACH; FIGS, 18-21 illustate the different Might phases of an ‘ulra-rapid ar vehicle according to the invention. TInall the figures the same references designate the same clements. Magnitudes 1 represent distances. Magnitudes © represent dantcer. Magnitudes 8 represen! angles. Magai- tudes represent rai of curvature, DETAILED ACCOUNT OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION FIG. A represents a view fom beneath of an example of an ulra-apid ar vehicle according to the invention, In FIG. 1 represented distances 1 have the following val- ‘es, as non-testitive examples 1152095 mm ‘Similarly, represented diameters @ have the following val- ‘es, as non-testrictive examples ‘Theulira-ropid air vehicle ofthe invention acconing tthe example of FIG. 1incindes all the following elements: ‘A fuselage F which contains a tank Rv with hydrogen which isliguidorinthestate of slush ef. FIGS.6and 10), andtwo liquid oxygen tanks ROL and ROZ, where tanks Rv, ROL ‘and RO2 ae intended wo supply a rocket motor ME; Avwing A ofthe goth delta type having a flat upper surface US anda flat lawer surface LS, and a wing root WR which stars roughly in an area where the forvard part of the fiaselage F broadens, and which has at its rear en, either side ofthe fuselage, two rea Maps V1, v2 A leading edge sweep ofthe vehicle 6 (ef: FIG. 4) which is preferentially between 70° and 75°, calculated with refer- fence to a straight delta wing; A cabin P intended to contain, for example, passengers, located forward from the wing-foselage assembly, in order {be in the wind’s path durin cruising fight conditions, thus enabling the conbution ofthis part othe vehicle's total drag tobe minimised, whilst generating no lifts A cockpit and a nose fomning a CN sepment built as an extension of eabin P, atthe Iron of the vehicle; A landing gear TRa, TRb, TRe able to be housed in the air vehicle, where the conto linkage of the landing gear is preferentially simplified as far as posible; US 9,079,661 B2 5 ‘Two moving fins al, a? positioned symmetrically relative to the vehicle's engthways-xis, where each fnisattached to the outer end ofa tailing edge of the dla wing: ‘Two ramjets STI, ST2 positioned symmetrically relative to the ais ofthe vehicle, where each ramjet has fixed geom- ‘ey Which is optimised for the cruising Might phase: Two turbojts TIL, TH2 positioned in the transition zone ‘perwoen cabin Pand fuselage, andableto be brought into the fselage when they are not operating; A rocket motor Mf (6. FIGS. 6, 168, 143) positioned tothe ‘ear ofthe fuselage, and able tobe exposed to the exterior, ‘orenclosd in the fuselage by means of reardoor Po the vehicle (ef. FIGS. 144-140) Intheexample of FG. 1 described above, theaievehiele of the iaveation includes two turbojts and two ranjets. More generally, however, the invention also concems air vehicles Including at least one turbojet and atleast one ramjet. Preferetially, both ranjets STI, ST2 have ther air inlet, positioned forward of the zones ofthe ar vehicle affected by the secondary shocks andr ofthe zone of the air vehicle \which is affected by the head shock, thus enabling air to be admitted in an undisturbed condition. ‘The broadening ofthe front part ofthe fasclage advanta- ously generates secondary obligue shock, which interacts, Angle 03 (vehicle's leading edge sweep) i, as a non- restrictive example, equal to 74° FIG, represents a foat view ofthe ulir-apid ir vehicle ofthe invention. Distances 1 are inthis case as follows, as non-estrctve strongly with thelowersurface LSofthe wing generate the 2 Tif by compression, commonly called compression lif FIG, 2repeeseas a moving final, a2 ofthe ulta-rapid ‘runsport means ofthe invention. A moving fin consists wo roughly identical trapezoid-shaped elements located inthe same plane, either side ofa cylindrical pat attached to an ‘outer end of tiling edge of the dela wing. The axis of the central eylindrcal partisparalll tothe lengthwaysaxisof the aircraft The eylindcal partis able to rotate to position the ‘moving finetherto a horizontal positon, at subsonic speeds, ‘ortoa vertical position, at supersonie speeds. For reasons of ‘convenience both positions of the moving fin ae represented simultaneously in FIG. 2 FIG. 3rpresontsapeoileview ofthe ultra-rapid vehicle of the invention when fis a, 22 are vertical (Le. perpendicular to the axis ofthe vehicle). In FIG. 3 represented distances 1 have the following values, as non-resrctve examples: 110°57630 mm; 11142095 mm: 112-3768 mm: 11613000 mm: 117-6780 mu 118-6657 mm: 119-7400 mu 120-6097 mu Similery, represented angles 61 and @2 have the following values, as non-restictve examples FIG. A represents abalf-vew from above of the ultarapid sir vehicle ofthe invention, Represented fin a is in is hori ‘zontal position. References BI and B2 indicate, respectively, the position ofthe center of mass ofthe vehicle's reference areainthe subsonic configuration with Has, a2horzoatal) and in the supersoni configuration (with fins a, 2 vertical). Distances 1 represented in FIG. 4 are, as nonresrctive cxannples: 121-15326 mm; 122-27878 mm: 123-7556 mums 8 « FIG. 6 represents a lengthways section view of the air vehicle ofthe invention, Distances 1 represented in FIG, 6 are a¢ non-restctve 195 mm; 500 mn 135-4200 mm; 136-21000 mm: 137-10800 mum: 138-1500 mm, Radius R2 is equal to 445 mm, FIGS. 7,8, 9, 10 and 11 ar, respectively, views ofthe a vehicle of the invention as transverse sections A-A (cockpit), BB (cabin), C-C (fuselage bein the cabin, just arward of the turbojet), D-D (useage ust rear ofthe turbojet, refer- enced TBH, TRY for turboets brought into te fuselage and ‘TBI, TB2 for trbojts brought out ofthe fuselage) and E-E. (fuselage inthe area of te landing gear) of FIG. 6 In FIG. 8, distance 139 is for example, equal to 630 mm and distance 140s, forexample, equal fo $05 mm. InFIG.9, distance 141 is, or example, equal 102150 mm and distances 142 and 143 are respectively equal, for example, to 650 mm and 600 mm. In FIG. 1, distance 144s, for example, equal {0 870 mm and radius Ri, for example, equal to 1550 oun, FIG, 12 is adetiled view of FIG. 6 namely aleagihways section representation of hydrogen tank Rv together with in the background, one ofthe two oxygen tanks ROL, Distance 148 is equal, for example, to 18805 mm and distance 146 for example to 20471 mm, Radi of curvature R4 and RS are ‘equal respectively 0 $91 mm and 1839 ma, FIG. 13 represents rear perspective view oftheir vehicle ofthe invention. door D preferentially formed of two eaves DI, D2, isolates rocket motoe Mf from the exterior. Rocket ‘motor Mfeonsists,forexample, ofa main motor Mp and wo auxiliary motors Mal, Ma? located either side ofthe main ‘motor, closer to the lewer portion of the fuselage than the ‘main motor FIGS. 14, 14B and 14C represent pata rear views ofthe airvehiclof the invention fo dlereat positions ofthe eaves of door D. Each of lewes D1, D2 is hinged on its wa, horizontal ans. FIG. 14 represents thecase in which door D is closed and, as a consequence, completely isolates the rocket motor from the exterior (the casein which the rocket ‘motorisnot operating). FIG 14B epresensthe casein which leaf D1 is closed and leaf D2 is open. la this ease, only the auxiliary motor are exposed to the exterior, and be exposure ‘of the main motor tothe exterior is partially obstrotod (the case in which the main motor is not operating and the auxil- ‘ay motors are i operation) FIG. LAC represents the case ia ‘which both leavesare open. The main motorand the auxiliary motors are exposed fo theexterior (thisisthe easeinwhich the ‘main motor and the auxiliary motors ar i operation). FG, US 9,079,661 B2 1 1Srepresens, asasimpeillustation,a perspective view ofan utara air vehicle aecortg othe invention. Asis kaowa othe man sill in the at ding the Bight of an air vehicle te centre of pressure and the centre of revit ofthe air vehicle mst be merged Theslntion of thes palo rt in the case ofthe CONCORDE sirerat consisted in ‘moving th airrat's centre of gravity to achiev this cond- tion, whatever the srcaf's spo However, this solution is posible ony if thee are posites fr moving ballest on ‘oardtheairra.Thisis not the case withthe ar anspor of to invention. The solution ofthe iavention isto move the centre of presse ofthe ultaapid vehicle by modifying the postion of the fin in accordance with that which Was men- tioned ahove in reference 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 16 represents the estimated variation of eet of peeste CP of the uli-rapid air veicle ofthe invention according tothe sped given in Mach Tait zone ZA, the vehicle's specdisles than the speed of sound (Mach 1) and in send ane 7B, the sped is srvatrthan the speedofsound. fis curve CLreprsens the ‘aration the cet of presse CP in tho casein which ear final, 22 are horizontal in one Zan vertical in one ZB. Asecond curve C2 reprsets the variation of the cente of pressure CP when there are uo eer fas. Curves C1 and C2 become merged arth sped ofthe ar vice i greater 2 than Mach T (ins inthe perpendicular plane of the deta ‘wing. Advantageously, t appears that eve C1 has no vara tion of enteo presse ovr te entre range of posts. The aiyehicle ofthe invention is therefore chosen with ear fins in acordance withthe fins represented in the Higures, where the postion ofthe ins according tothespedofhe air veicle is horizontal inthe case of speeds less than Mach 1 and ‘eral inthe case of speodsaratr than Mach 1 FIG. 17 represent the variation of directional stability St cof an ulte-rapid air vehicle o the invention asa funtion af tne speed given in Mach The range of speeds also divided between zones ZA and ZB defined above. A fist curve C3 represents the variation of directional stability Stn the case ‘where the rear fins are horizontal in zone Zand vertical in zone ZB, anda second curve C4 represents the Variation of

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