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Heirs and Inheritance (Part 7) : Is Property Acquired Before Marriage The Exclusive Property of Each Spouse or Does It Belong To Both Spouses?
Heirs and Inheritance (Part 7) : Is Property Acquired Before Marriage The Exclusive Property of Each Spouse or Does It Belong To Both Spouses?
Heirs and Inheritance (Part 7) : Is Property Acquired Before Marriage The Exclusive Property of Each Spouse or Does It Belong To Both Spouses?
Heirs and inheritance (Part 7): Is property acquired before marriage the
exclusive property of each spouse or does it belong to both spouses?
Question: I got married in 2001; some people in an online forum told me that properties acquired
when I was single and titled in my name are still mine. Does my husband have any right to these
properties? What will happen to these properties when I die?
Answers:
[1] I got married in 2001; some people in an online forum told me that properties under my name
acquired when I was single are still mine.
These people are wrong.
Most Filipinos are confused as to whether properties acquired before marriage are the
exclusive property of each spouse or belong to both spouses. This confusion can be cleared
up by:
determining what date the marriage was solemnized; if it was solemnized before August 3,
1988, then the applicable law is the New Civil Code of the Philippines, not the Family Code;
determining whether the man and woman, before they got married, agreed on a system of
property relations that would govern them; if there was no agreement, then for marriages
solemnized after August 3, 1988 (date the Family Code became effective), absolute
community of property is automatically the system.
The problem is that most Filipinos get married without knowing that they can choose among
absolute community of property (ACP), conjugal partnership of gains (CPG), or complete
separation of property.
Since you got married in 2001 (and it seems there was no agreement between you and your
husband before you got married), then absolute community of property is automatically the system
between yourselves. Under Article 91 of the Family Code, upon your marriage, all properties
belonging to either you or your husband automatically became part of the community property.
Art. 91. Unless otherwise provided in this Chapter or in the marriage settlements, the community
property shall consist of all the property owned by the spouses at the time of the celebration of the
marriage or acquired thereafter.
For example, you bought a subdivision lot while you were single. The lot is titled in your
name. At the time you got married, this lot automatically became part of the community property
between you and your husband, even if the title remains in your name all throughout your marriage.
If you are going to sell this subdivision lot, you will need your husbands conformity since it has
become community property.
Upon your death, this lot will be distributed as follows:
50% will be divided among your heirs (if you have no children and your parents or
grandparents are dead, then your husband will get 25% while your brothers and sisters will
divide among themselves the other 25%, under Art. 1001 of the New Civil Code of the
Philippines).
[2] When are properties acquired before marriage the exclusive property of each spouse?
Exception 1:
Exception 2:
Why?
Panimula
Ang Family Code o Executive Order No. 227 ay naging batas noong August 3, 1988.
Nakapaloob dito ang resulta nang halos 8 taon na pagsusuri at pagsasagawa ng 2
komite sa dating Batasang Pambansa. Naabutan ng Edsa Revolution ang paggawa ng
batas na ito, at nilagdaan ito bilang batas ng dating Pangulong Corazon C. Aquino.
Maraming pagbabagong dinala ang Family Code sa batas natin sa pamilya at pati na rin
sa mga karapatan ng babae bilang bahagi ng pamilya.
Subukan nating palinawin ang ilang mahahalagang probisyon ng Family Code.
1. Awtoridad ng magkakasal.
2. Valid na marriage license.
3. Isang seremonya kung saan haharap ang mga ikakasal sa opisyal na magkakasal at ang
personal na pagtanggap ng isat-isa bilang asawa sa harap ng saksi na hindi kukulangin sa
dalawang tao na nasa hustong gulang.
Kung wala ang isa o alinmang ESENSYAL o PORMAL na rekisito --- walang bisa ang kasal.
Kung may depekto sa alinmang ESENSYAL na rekisito --- may bisa ang kasal ngunit maaaring
ipawalang bisa ito
Kung may iregularidad sa alinmang PORMAL na rekisito --- may bisa pa rin, (walang epekto ito
sa bisa ng kasal) subalit maaaring mag
sampa ng kasong kriminal o administratibo laban sa taong gumawa ng irregularidad.
Pepe at Pilar, tinakot niya ang mga ito sa pagsabing hindi maari silang ikasal dahil masyadong bata pa so
Pilar. Sabi ni Lisa, kahit matuloy ang kasal, ito ay walang bisa. Tama ba si Lisa?
OO.
Kahit na pinayagan si Pilar ng kanyang mga magulang na magpakasal, kulang pa rin siya sa edad dahil
siya ay wala pang 18 taong gulang. Dahil sa kawalan ng esensyal na rekisitong ito, makasal man sina
Pepe at Pilar, walang bisa ito.
Allan at Bernadette - Bawal na Pag Ibig
Si Bernadette ay 18 years old at si Allan naman ay 20. Sila ay nagpasyang magpakasal kahit tutol ang
kanilang mga magulang. Para sa kanila, walang kinalaman ang away ng kanilang mga magulang sa
pagmamahalan nila lalo na at nasa wastong gulang na sila. Naniniwala sila na hindi na maaaring
makialam ang mga magulang nila sa kanilang desisyong magpakasal. May bisa ba ang kanilang kasal?
Mayroon. Sila ay may sapat na gulang na upang magpakasal. Ngunit ang kasal nila ay maaaring
maipawalang-bisa dahil sa depekto (hindi kawalan) sa isang esensyal na rekisito: ang legal capacity. Ang
ikakasal na may edad 18 taon hanggang 21 taon ay nangangailangan ng pahintulot ng kanyang
magulang upang magkaroon ng ligal na kapasidad na magpakasal.
Sinoangmayawtoridadmagkasal?
1.Sinumangkasalukuyangmiyembronghukumansaloobngdistritongkanyang
pinaglilingkuran.
2.Sinumangpari,rabi,imam,oministrongalinmangsimbahanosektangrelihiyoso
napinagkaloobanngkapangyarihangmagkasalngkanyangsimbahanosektoat
nakarehistrosaCivilRegistrar,bastatisasaikakasalaykabilangsasimbahanosekto
ngmagkakasal.
3.Sinumangconsulgeneral,consuloviceconsulngPilipinashabangnasaibang
bansa,kungangmgaikakasalaymamamayangPilipino.
4.Samgadipangkaraniwangpangyayari,angkapitanngbarko,pilotongeroplano,o
kumanderngmilitary.
5.Angmgamayorayonsa1991LocalGovernmentCode.
TANDAAN:Angactingmayoraywalangawtoridadnamagkasal.