Descripcin del aparato:

The condensed vapor receiver, A, is a bronze centrifugal pump with explosion

proof motor (Eastern Centrifugal Pump Co.). A relatively large bypass line, B,
permits continuous circulation and agitation of the condensed heterogeneous
vapor while the desired quantity is withdrawn and fed to the total vaporizer
through the needle valve, C. The vaporizer is constructed of 3 inch standard
pipe and fittings with a section of 20-gage 3/8-inch copper tubing forming a
concentric cylinder inside, thus forcing the incoming liquid downward around
the hot wall where it is vaporized. The vapor rises through the center of the
tubing; the Nichrome spiral picks up superheat from the vapor and transfers it
back to the cold entering liquid through the tubing wall. The heat is supplied by
resistance ribbon externally wound, through which current controlled by a
Variac is paesed. As the vapor leaves the vaporizer, its temperature is
measured by thermocouple, E, before passing through the adiabatic jacket
feature, F, to enter the liquid chamber, H, by bubbling in through tube G. As the
vapor bubbles through the liquid there is material transfer until the liquid and

vapor compositions have come to equilibrium. The temperature of the

equilibrium vapor leaving the liquid is measured by thermocouple I in the
thoroughly insulated neck before passing to the condenser section, J. Both E
and I are specially calibrated copper-constantan couples connected by a
double-pole, double-throw s\ritch to common leads which are connected to a
Leeds & Northrup Type K potentiometer capable of determining voltages to
0.00001 volt. Both cold junctions were immersed in a melting ice bath as a
reference point. The condensed vapor passes back to the condensed vapor
receiver. The sight glass, K, is provided to observe the operation of the still. A
condenser at the vent prevents vapor losses from the still

La destilacin al vaco consiste en generar un vaco parcial por dentro del sistema de
destilacin para destilar sustancias por debajo de su punto de ebullicin norma
Destilacin extractiva: Se trata de un mtodo de rectificacin de multicomponentes. A una mezcla
binaria que es difcil o imposible de separar por los mtodos ordinarios, se le agrega un tercer
componente, un agente msico de separacin (AMS), conocido como disolvente o entrainer, el cual
altera la volatilidad relativa de los componentes originales y permite, de esa forma, la separacin