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    1) Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma or lava and can be divided into plutonic (intrusive) and volcanic (extrusive) rocks. 2) Plutonic rocks cool slowly underground, forming large crystals, and volcanic rocks cool rapidly at the surface, forming small crystals or a glassy texture. 3) Factors like cooling rate, mineral composition, and viscosity affect the texture and appearance of the resulting igneous rock. Basalt is mafic and volcanic while granite is felsic and plutonic.

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    igneousrocks

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    1) Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma or lava and can be divided into plutonic (intrusive) and volcanic (extrusive) rocks. 2) Plutonic rocks cool slowly underground, forming large crystals, and volcanic rocks cool rapidly at the surface, forming small crystals or a glassy texture. 3) Factors like cooling rate, mineral composition, and viscosity affect the texture and appearance of the resulting igneous rock. Basalt is mafic and volcanic while granite is felsic and plutonic.

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    100 views20 pages

    Igneousrocks

    Uploaded by

    api-289539870
    1) Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma or lava and can be divided into plutonic (intrusive) and volcanic (extrusive) rocks. 2) Plutonic rocks cool slowly underground, forming large crystals, and volcanic rocks cool rapidly at the surface, forming small crystals or a glassy texture. 3) Factors like cooling rate, mineral composition, and viscosity affect the texture and appearance of the resulting igneous rock. Basalt is mafic and volcanic while granite is felsic and plutonic.

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    Rocks

    A.IgneousRocks

    PlutonicIgneousRocks:
    formsunderground
    magmaneverreachesthesurface
    coolsslowly
    formlargecrystals
    mediumtocoarsegrained
    texture
    Getexposedatthesurfaceonly
    whenrockisupliftedand
    exposed

    VolcanicIgneousRocks:
    Formsonthesurface
    Lavacomesoutofavolcano
    coolsrapidly
    formssmallcrystals
    glassyorfinegrained
    Coversthesurfaceaslava
    flowsorpyroclasticdebris

    Underwatervolcanoesformpillowlava

    ClassificationofIgneousRocks:
    Theyareclassifiedaccordingtotheirchemicalcomposition
    Felsic

    Mafic

    Richinsilica(>65%)

    Poorinsilica(4552%)

    Intermediate

    Ultramafic

    (5365%silica)

    Verypoorinsilica(<45%)

    Theamountofsilicaaffectsthecoloroftherock
    Moresilicathelightertherock,lesssilicathedarker

    Classifythefollowingrocksaseither:
    volcanicorplutonic
    maficorfelsic
    a

    Extrusive(volcanic)

    Intrusive(plutonic)

    a(basalt)

    b(gabbro)

    d(rhyolite)

    c(granite)

    Mafic (darkcolored)

    Felsic(lightcolored)

    a(basalt)

    c(gabbro)

    b(granite)

    d(rhyolite)

    SomecommonIgneousRocksyouwillhavetolearn.
    Pumice*
    Basalt*
    Gabbro
    Rhyolite*
    Obsidian*
    Granite*
    Diorite
    Andesite
    Tuff
    Scoria*

    *=mustknowfortest

    SilicacontentandViscosity
    Viscosityisafluidsresistancetoflow
    lowviscosity =
    flowseasily
    highviscosity =
    doesntfloweasily,
    thickpastymass
    Highsilicacontent(felsic)=highviscosity
    explosiveeruptions:pyroclastic
    Lowsilicacontent(mafic)=lowviscosity
    lessviolenteruptions:lavaflows
    E.g.Hawaii:pahoehoeandaalava

    BasalticlavainHawaii
    Top:pahoehoe
    Highlyfluidlava
    Lowviscosity

    Left:aa
    Slowmovinglava
    Highviscosity
    Right:pahoehoe

    Highlyviscouslavatends
    toblocktheventsof
    volcanoes.
    Thiscausespressureto
    buildup.
    Whichinturnreleasedby
    aviolentexplosion

    Whilelavathathasalowviscositytendstoflowawayfromthevent
    andthisleadstolessvioleteruptionse.g.SurtseyIsland

    Vesicles
    Aslavarisesandcoolstoformvolcanicigneousrock,
    Pressuredropswhichcausesthegasesthatareinthe
    lavatoexpand.
    Thesegasesformvesicles(cavities)whicharethe
    remainsofgasbubbles.
    Plutonicrocksrarelycontainvesiclesbecausetheyare
    formedatdepthwherehighpressurestopsthegases
    fromexpanding.

    Crystallization:
    Magmaisamixtureofdifferentsubstances.Theyall
    havedifferentmeltingpoints.
    Soasamagmacools,somesubstanceswillformcrystals
    beforothersubstances.Theyhaveaheadstartingrowth
    andtendtobebigger.
    Ifthemagmaalreadyhascrystalpresentinitandthenis
    cooledrapidlythenyouwillseelargecrystalsembedded
    infinergrainedmaterial.
    Thisiscalledaporphyritictexture

    BowensSeries
    Thisshowsthe
    orderof
    crystallizationof
    mineralsin
    magma&lava

    Comparegraniteandbasalt

    IgneousRocks
    Whatisthedifferencebetweenmagmaandlava?
    Whatarethetwomaintypesofigneousrocks?
    Howcanyoutellthemapart?
    Whyisitnotcommonforplutonicrockstohavevesicles?
    Vocabulary:magma,lava,intrusive,extrusive,plutonic,
    volcanic,pyroclastic,

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