IDENTIFICATION OF

CARBOHYDRATES
BILINGUAL BIOLOGY
EDUCATION 2013

CARBOHYDRATES
Compound groups that contain of C,
H, and O element.
Carbohyrates compound like to do
reduction because contain of
carbonyl group (-CO-) in shaped of
aldehydes (R-CHO) or ketones (R-COR), and also contain of so many
hydroxyl groups (-OH)

TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES

Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars)

Contain of 3-9 carbon element. Based on
number of carbons (3, 4, 5, 6), a
monosaccharide is a triose, tetrose, pentose
or hexose, etc.

Monosaccharides
Aldoses (e.g., glucose,
galactose, Ribose &
Deoxiribose) have an aldehyde
group at one end.
H

Ketoses (e.g., fructose)

have a keto group,
usually at C2.

CH2OH
C

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

D-glucose

D-fructose

Oligosaccharides
a few monosaccharides covalently
linked.
Disaccharides is 2 monosaccharides
that covalently linked usually called
glycosides bond. Eg : maltose,
sucrose and lactose
The sweet taste of monosaccharides
and oligo saccharides because of the
relatively small mass

Polysaccharides

Polymers consisting of chains of monosaccharide or disaccharide units.

Polysaccharides usually white, not-crystalized, not sweet and unreductive.
Eg : starch, amilum, gycogen, chitin, cellulose, etc

CARBOHYDRATES
FUNCTION

Energy Source and fuel

Rich in fibre content, help to prevent constipation
Help in modulation of immune system
In hepar act as detoxification in certain toxic subtances.

KINDS OF
CARBOHYDRATES TEST
Molisch Test
To prove the present of carbohydrate.
Positive when purple appear.
Selliwanof Test
To different between aldose and ketose.
Positive when red appear.

 Benedict Test
To identify aldehyde groups, positive
when red brick appear.
Fehling Reagen
To identify aldehyde groups, positive
when red brick appear.
Iodine Test
To identify polysaccharide. Positive when
blue-black appear. Different polysaccharides
can give other colors like brown.