Copyright WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69469 Weinheim, Germany, 2014.

Supporting Information
for Adv. Energy Mater., DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201401507

Hybrid Mg2+/Li+ Battery with Long Cycle Life and High Rate
Capability
Tao Gao, Fudong Han, Yujie Zhu, Liumin Suo, Chao Luo,
Kang Xu, and Chunsheng Wang*
((Supporting Information can be included here using this template))

Copyright WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69469 Weinheim, Germany, 2013.

Supporting Information

Hybrid Mg2+/Li+ Battery with Long Cycle Life and High Rate Capability

Tao Gao, Fudong Han, Yujie Zhu, Liumin Suo, Chao Luo, Kang Xu and Chunsheng Wang*

Figure S1. Charge/discharge curve of TiS2 in LiPF6-EC-DEC electrolyte at 0.1C. The highly
reversible solid solution reaction in 1.8V-2.4V vs. Li/Li+ and a stable capacity of ~180 mAh/g
at 0.1C (1C=240 mAh/g) can be clearly observed

1
Figure S2. EELS result of the deposition on Pt foil after three hours constant voltage at -0.5V
vs. Mg/Mg2+ in the mixed-ion electrolyte. No Li can be observed.

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
LIB MIB proposed mixed Li+/Mg2+ future mixed Li+/Mg2+
battery battery

Specific Capacity(mAh/g) Specific Energy(Wh/kg)

Figure S3. The specific capacity and specific energy of LIB, MIB and mixed Li+/Mg2+
battery.

Calculation details are given below. Only the mass of the active materials are considered.

LIB
C6 + 2LiCoO2 LiC6 + 2Li0.5CoO2

Ct = = = 100 mAh/g

2
 E = CT V = 100 (4.1－0.1)V = 400 Wh/kg

MIB
Mo6S8 + 2Mg Mg2Mo6S8

Ct = = = 121.8 mAh/g

E = CT V =121.8 (1.1－0)V = 134 Wh/kg

Hybrid Mg battery
The voltage of TiS2 cathode is 1.0-1.6V vs. Mg/Mg2+, thus an average of 1.3V is used in
calculating the specific energy.
TiS2 + LiCl+ Mg LiTiS2 + MgCl2

Ct = = = 161.0 mAh/g

E = CT V = 161 (1.3－0)V = 209.3 Wh/kg

If the development of high voltage electrolyte enables the usage of typical high voltage LIB
cathodes, for example LiCoO2, The specific capacity and energy will be (the voltage of the
cathode is estimated to be 4.1V-0.6V=3.5V vs. Mg/Mg2+)
2LiCoO2+ MgCl2 2Li0.5CoO2+LiCl+ Mg

Ct = = = 110 mAh/g

E = CT V = 110 (3.5－0)V = 385.2Wh/kg

3
 150
TiS2|LiPF6-EC-DEC|Li

100
-Z'' (b) (ohm)

50

0
0 50 100 150
Z' (a) (ohm)

Figure S4. EIS of a LIB consisting of TiS2 cathode, LiPF6-EC-DEC electrolyte and Li anode

TiS2|APC-LiCl|Mg 150

6000 100
-Z'' (ohm)

50

0
0 50 100 150

4000 Z' (ohm)

-Z'' (ohm)

2000

0
0 2000 4000 6000
Z' (ohm)

Figure S5. EIS of a hybrid battery consisting of TiS2 cathode, APC-LiCl electrolyte and Mg
anode. Insert: magnification of the EIS at low impedance region
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