separator 3

3 liquid/liquid/vapor .

.

3
.

separator

.
3 2
.

.
.

15-20 %

boot .

weir

bucket-and-weir

 3
.
.

.1
.2
.3
.4

separator 3 Bucket

.5

separator 3

separator 3

boot weir

separator 3

Heavy liquid boot

separator 3

weir
weir

Heavy liquid boot

 separator 3

bootweir

:
-1
-2

-1

K .

.
)K

ft/s (
L V 0.5
)
V

( UT = K

K
York Demister
)K = 0.1821 + 0.0029 P + 0.0460 ln (p
K = 0.35
)K = 0.43 - 0.023 ln (p

1< p 15
15< p 40
40< p 5500

psia .
GPSA
)K = 0.35 + 0.0001 (P 100

demisters

1< p 1500

K = 0.20

K 0.6 0.8
K 2

compressor suction scrubber

mole sieve scrubber

expander inlet separator

K 0.7 0.8

Dp

ft

Dp

ft

  4



3


  exp
    8.411  2.243   0.273   1.865  10    5.201  10
) &0.95  10$ %&  '%(  %
"   ln
+
&*

max
0.75 :

UV = 0.75UT
surge

holdup -2

surge holdup
. surge .holdup

Surge

V H = TH Q L

: holdup

VS = TS QL

: surge

Holdup

Service
A. Unit feed drum
B. Separators
1. feed to column
2. feed to other drum or tankage
a. with pump or through exchanger
b. without pump
3. feed to fired heater

Holdup time, min

(NLL-LLL)
10

Surge time, min

(NLL-LLL)
5

5
2
10

2
1
3

C. Reflux or product accumulator

1. Reflux only
3
2
2. Reflux and product
3+
2+
(Base on reflux (3 min) plus appropriate holdup time of overhead product (as per B1-3)
D. Column bottoms
2
1. Feed to another column
5
2. Feed to other drum or tankage
a. with pump or through exchanger
5
2
b. without pump
2
1
2-4
1. Feed to fired reboiler
5-8
(Base on reboiler vapor expressed as liquid (3 min) plus appropriate holdup time of
overhead product (as per D1,2)
D. Compressor suction / interstage scrubber
3 min between HLL (high liquid alarm) and high level shutdown
10 min for bottom tangent line to high liquid alarm
F. Fuel gas knock-out dram
20 ft. slug in the incoming fuel gas line between NLL and high level shutdown
G. Flare Knock-out drum
20 to 30 min to HLL
Multiply by the following factor (optional)
Personnel
factor
Experienced
1.0
Trained
1.2
Inexperienced
1.5

Instrumentation
Well Instrumented
Standard Instrumented
Poorly Instrumented

factor
1.0
1.2
1.5

 -3
L/D
.

L/D

L/D
1.5-3.0
3.0-4.0
4.0-6.0

)(psig

0 P 250
250 P 500
500 P

4(V + V )
S
D= H
0.5 ( L )
D

2
D
4

= AT

.1

holdup surge

.a AV/AT

)HV

0.2 D

2 ft

mist eliminator

1 ft

( . HV/D AV/AT .

H/D A/AT

a + cx + ex 2 + gx 3 + ix 4
1.0 + bx + dx 2 + fx 3 + hx 4
H /D
to
A / AT
y = A / Ar
x=H /D
=y

a=-4.75593010-5
b=3.924091
c=0.174875
d=-6.358805
e=5.668973
f=4.018448
g=-4.916411
h=-1.801705
i=-0.145348

A / AT
to
y=H /D
x = A / Ar

H /D

a=0.00153756
b=26.787101
c=3.299201
d=-22.923932
e=24.353518
f=-14.844824
g=-36.999376
h=10.5295572
i=9.892851

.b )( AHL+ ALL
) HLL ( HHL )
( (HHL+HLL)/D
(AHL+ALL)/AT .
.c min holdup surge
V H + VS
) AT AV ( AHL + ALL

=L

.2 )(LMIN

)(

) (UVA

HV
UV

QV
AV

= U VA

LMIN = UVA

.3 L

LMIN

, L<LMIN

, L<<LMIN

L=LMIN

holdup residence(

AV 1 .

HV

, L>LMIN .

L>>LMIN

)liquid holdup

LMIN .

HV

1 .

HV

HV

AV

.
.4

.
.

:
) 1,488 g c D p2 ( H L
18

= UT

1,488 lb/ft.s

cP

:
) 2.06151 10 5 D p2 ( H L

= UT

2. 06151 10 5 DP2 = k s :

) k s ( H L

ks :

= UT

ks -

ks

)(m

0.333

127

caustic

60 F 0.85 < SG

0.163

89

caustic

60 F 0.85 > SG

0.163

89

Furfural

0.163

89

0.163

89

Sec-Butyl alcohol

0.163

89

0.163

89

Nonyl alcohol

 UT :
10 in./min .
.
:
)(in. / min

) k s ( H L

= U HL

:
)(in. / min

) ks ( H L

= U LH

.
.5
:
) 12( D H V H HL
U HL

= t HL

:
12H HL
U LH

= t LH

.6

.
:
:

( AT AV AHL ) L
QLL
A L
HL = HL
QHL

= LL

.7 LL HL ) tHL (tLH
LL t HL

HL t LH
.
.


t HL Q LL

( AT AV AHL )

.8

. L = max t LH Q HL ,
AHL

L/D

L/D .
L/D << 1.5 D D >> 6

L/D

D } )0.5 / (= {
1 .

 separator 3

Heavy liquid boot

:
-1
-2

-1

K .

.
)K

ft/s (
L V 0.5
)
V

( UT = K

K
York Demister
)K = 0.1821 + 0.0029 P + 0.0460 ln (p
K = 0.35
)K = 0.43 - 0.023 ln (p

1< p 15
15< p 40
40< p 5500

psia .
GPSA
)K = 0.35 + 0.0001 (P 100

demisters

1< p 1500

K = 0.20

K 0.6 0.8
K 2

compressor suction scrubber

mole sieve scrubber

expander inlet separator

K 0.7 0.8

Dp

ft

Dp

ft

  4



3


  exp
    8.411  2.243   0.273   1.865  10    5.201  10
) &0.95  10$ %&  '%(  %
"   ln
+
&*

max
0.75 :

UV = 0.75UT
surge

holdup -2

Surge

V H = TH Q L

: holdup

VS = TS QL

: surge

Holdup

Service

A. Unit feed drum

B. Separators
1. feed to column
2. feed to other drum or tankage
a. with pump or through exchanger
b. without pump
3. feed to fired heater

Holdup time, min

(NLL-LLL)
10

Surge time,
min
(NLL-LLL)
5

5
2
10

2
1
3

C. Reflux or product accumulator

2
1. Reflux only
3
2. Reflux and product
3+
2+
(Base on reflux (3 min) plus appropriate holdup time of overhead product (as per
B1-3)
D. Column bottoms
2
1. Feed to another column
5
2. Feed to other drum or tankage
2
a. with pump or through exchanger
5
b. without pump
2
1
2-4
1. Feed to fired reboiler
5-8
(Base on reboiler vapor expressed as liquid (3 min) plus appropriate holdup time of
overhead product (as per D1,2)
D. Compressor suction / interstage scrubber
3 min between HLL (high liquid alarm) and high level shutdown
10 min for bottom tangent line to high liquid alarm
F. Fuel gas knock-out dram
20 ft. slug in the incoming fuel gas line between NLL and high level shutdown
G. Flare Knock-out drum
20 to 30 min to HLL
Multiply by the following factor (optional)
Personnel
factor
Experienced
1.0
Trained
1.2
Inexperienced
1.5

Instrumentation
Well Instrumented
Standard Instrumented
Poorly Instrumented

factor
1.0
1.2
1.5

 -3
L/D
.

L/D

L/D
1.5-3.0
3.0-4.0
4.0-6.0

)(psig

0 P 250
250 P 500
500 P
3

4(V + V )
H
S
D=
L
( 0.6
)

D
D 2
4

= AT

-1

holdup surge

.a AV/AT

) (HV 0.2 D ) 2 ft mist eliminator ( 1 ft

. HV/D AV/AT .
H/D A/AT

a + cx + ex 2 + gx 3 + ix 4
1.0 + bx + dx 2 + fx 3 + hx 4
H /D
to
A / AT
y = A / Ar
x=H /D
=y

a=-4.75593010-5
b=3.924091
c=0.174875
d=-6.358805
e=5.668973
f=4.018448
g=-4.916411
h=-1.801705
i=-0.145348

H /D

A / AT
to
y=H /D
x = A / Ar

a=0.00153756
b=26.787101
c=3.299201
d=-22.923932
e=24.353518
f=-14.844824
g=-36.999376
h=10.5295572
i=9.892851

.b

vessel

vessel

)( ALLV

) ( HLLV )

(
(ALLV)/AT

ALLV

HLLV/D

.c min holdup surge

VH + VS
AT AV ALLV

=L

-2 )(LMIN

) (

) (UVA

HV
UV

QV
AV

= U VA

LMIN = UVA

-3 L

L<LMIN

LMIN

L=LMIN

holdup residence(

L<<LMIN
AV 1 .

L>LMIN .

HV

L>>LMIN

)liquid holdup

LMIN .

HV

HV

1 . AV HV 1
.
-4

.
.

.
:
)(in. / min

) k s ( H L

= U HL

:
)(in. / min

) ks ( H L

= U LH

ks

:
ks -

ks

)(m

0.333

127

caustic

60 F 0.85 < SG

0.163

89

caustic

60 F 0.85 > SG

0.163

89

Furfural

0.163

89

0.163

89

Sec-Butyl alcohol

0.163

89

0.163

89

Nonyl alcohol

-5
:
) 12( H LLB + D HV
U HL

= t HL

( AT AV ) L
QLL

= LL

boot .
-6 LL )(tHL
LL t HL
.
.
-7

L/D

L/D .
L/D << 1.5 D D >> 6

L/D

. D } )0.5 / (= {
1 .
-8

Heavy liquid boot

boot )) (HHL
( .
) (ULH .
)(in. / s

) k s ( H L

= U LH

KS .
U P = 0 .75U LH

(DB) boot :
4 12Q HL
U P

= DB

:
12H HL
U LH

= t LH

DB2 H HL
4QHL

= HL

 HL t LH
. boot .

separator

weir

:
-1
-2

-1

K .

.
)K

ft/s (
L V 0.5
)
V

( UT = K

K
York Demister
)K = 0.1821 + 0.0029 P + 0.0460 ln (p
K = 0.35
)K = 0.43 - 0.023 ln (p

1< p 15
15< p 40
40< p 5500

psia .
GPSA
)K = 0.35 + 0.0001 (P 100

demisters

1< p 1500

K = 0.20

K 0.6 0.8
K 2

compressor suction scrubber

mole sieve scrubber

expander inlet separator

K 0.7 0.8

Dp

ft

Dp

ft

  4



3


  exp
    8.411  2.243   0.273   1.865  10    5.201  10
) &0.95  10$ %&  '%(  %
"   ln
+
&*

 max
: 0.75
UV = 0.75UT
surge

holdup -2

Surge

V H = TH Q L

: holdup

VS = TS QL

: surge

Holdup

Service
A. Unit feed drum
B. Separators
1. feed to column
2. feed to other drum or tankage
a. with pump or through exchanger
b. without pump
3. feed to fired heater

Holdup time, min

(NLL-LLL)
10

Surge time, min

(NLL-LLL)
5

5
2
10

2
1
3

C. Reflux or product accumulator

1. Reflux only
3
2
2+
2. Reflux and product
3+
(Base on reflux (3 min) plus appropriate holdup time of overhead product (as per B1-3)
D. Column bottoms
2
1. Feed to another column
5
2. Feed to other drum or tankage
a. with pump or through exchanger
5
2
1
b. without pump
2
1. Feed to fired reboiler
5-8
2-4
(Base on reboiler vapor expressed as liquid (3 min) plus appropriate holdup time of
overhead product (as per D1,2)
D. Compressor suction / interstage scrubber
3 min between HLL (high liquid alarm) and high level shutdown
10 min for bottom tangent line to high liquid alarm
F. Fuel gas knock-out dram
20 ft. slug in the incoming fuel gas line between NLL and high level shutdown
G. Flare Knock-out drum
20 to 30 min to HLL
Multiply by the following factor (optional)
Personnel
factor
Experienced
1.0
Trained
1.2
Inexperienced
1.5

Instrumentation
Well Instrumented
Standard Instrumented
Poorly Instrumented

factor
1.0
1.2
1.5

 -3
L/D
.

L/D

L/D
1.5-3.0
3.0-4.0
4.0-6.0

)(psig

0 P 250
250 P 500
500 P
3

4(V + V )
H
S
D=
0.6 ( L )

D
2
D
4

= AT

-1

holdup surge

.a AV/AT

)HV

0.2 D

2 ft

mist eliminator

( . HV/D AV/AT .
H/D A/AT

a + cx + ex 2 + gx 3 + ix 4
1.0 + bx + dx 2 + fx 3 + hx 4
H /D
to
A / AT
y = A / Ar
x=H /D
=y

a=-4.75593010-5
b=3.924091
c=0.174875
d=-6.358805
e=5.668973
f=4.018448
g=-4.916411
h=-1.801705
i=-0.145348

H /D

A / AT
to
y=H /D

1 ft

x = A / Ar
a=0.00153756
b=26.787101
c=3.299201
d=-22.923932
e=24.353518
f=-14.844824
g=-36.999376
h=10.5295572
i=9.892851

.b ( ALLL) Low liquid level

HLLL :
H LLL = 0 .5 D + 7

D 4ft

HLLL

9 in.

HLLL/D

ALLL .
.c (HW) weir
.
HW = D HV

HW < 2 ft a .
.d L2 .
VH + VS
AT AV ALLL

= L2

6 in. .
L2 = d N + 12in.

L2

 -2 )(ALL

HW/2

HHL

HLL )

( . HHL/D
AHL ALL .
ALL = AT AV AHL

-3

.
.

.
:
)(in. / min

) k s ( H L

= U HL

:
)(in. / min

) ks ( H L

= U LH

ks

:
ks -

ks

)( m

0.333

127

caustic

60 F 0.85 < SG

0.163

89

caustic

60 F 0.85 > SG

0.163

89

Furfural

0.163

89

0.163

89

Sec-Butyl alcohol

0.163

89

0.163

89

Nonyl alcohol

 -4
:
12 H LL
U HL

= t HL

:
12H HL
U LH

= t LH

-5
.a

L1

L1 - :

t Q
t Q
L1 = max LH HL , HL LL
ALL
AHL

6 in. .

L1

.b
L = L1 + L 2

-6 )(LMIN
.a ) (
HV
UV

.b ) (UVA
QV
AV

= U VA

.c

LMIN = UVA

-7 L

L<LMIN

LMIN

L=LMIN

holdup residence(

L<<LMIN

HV

AV 1 .

L>LMIN .

liquid holdup) L>>LMIN ( HV L

LMIN HV . 1
. AV HV 1 .
-9

L/D

L/D .
L/D << 1.5 D D >> 6

L/D

. D 1 .

 separator 3 Bucket

weir

:
-1
-2

-1

K .

.
)K

ft/s (
L V 0.5
)
V

( UT = K

K
York Demister
)K = 0.1821 + 0.0029 P + 0.0460 ln (p
K = 0.35
)K = 0.43 - 0.023 ln (p

1< p 15
15< p 40
40< p 5500

psia .
GPSA
)K = 0.35 + 0.0001 (P 100

demisters

1< p 1500

K = 0.20

K 0.6 0.8
K 2

compressor suction scrubber

mole sieve scrubber

expander inlet separator

K 0.7 0.8

Dp

ft

Dp

ft

  4



3


  exp
    8.411  2.243   0.273   1.865  10    5.201  10
) &0.95  10$ %&  '%(  %
"   ln
+
&*

 max
0.75 :
UV = 0.75UT

-2 residence time ) LL (HL

for sour water stripper feed drums :
HL = 60 min. for refinery service
HL = 10 15 min. for chemical plant service
HL = 10 15 min. for amine regenerater feed drums

-3
L/D
.

L/D

L/D
1.5-3.0
3.0-4.0
4.0-6.0

)(psig

0 P 250
250 P 500
500 P

4(Q + Q )
LL LL
HL HL
D=
L

( 0.7
)

D
2
D
4

= AT

-1

L1

.a )( AV
) ( HV 0.2 D ) 2 ft mist eliminator ( 1 ft
. HV/D AV/AT AV .
H/D A/AT

a + cx + ex 2 + gx 3 + ix 4
1.0 + bx + dx 2 + fx 3 + hx 4
H /D
to
A / AT
y = A / Ar
x=H /D
=y

a=-4.75593010-5
b=3.924091
c=0.174875
d=-6.358805
e=5.668973
f=4.018448
g=-4.916411
h=-1.801705
i=-0.145348

A / AT
to
y=H /D
x = A / Ar

H /D

a=0.00153756
b=26.787101
c=3.299201
d=-22.923932
e=24.353518
f=-14.844824
g=-36.999376
h=10.5295572
i=9.892851

.b

L1

) (QLL LL + QHL HL
AT AV

= L1

L1

-4 )(LMIN
.a ) (
HV
UV

.b ) (UVA
QV
AV

= U VA

 .c
LMIN = UVA

-5 L1

LMIN

L1<LMIN

L1=LMIN

holdup residence(
L1<<LMIN
HV AV 1 .
L1>LMIN .
-6

L2

L2

.a

light liquid bucket

= D HV .
Assume the bottom is = 0.125 D
Assume a holdup/surge (typically) = 5 15 min.
Assume HLL is 6 in. below the weir height and LLL is 6 in. above the bottom of the bucket

HHLL/D HLLL/D AHLL/D ALLL/D

AHLL ALLL .

 A/AT H/D

a + cx + ex 2 + gx 3 + ix 4
1.0 + bx + dx 2 + fx 3 + hx 4
H /D
to
A / AT
y = A / Ar
x=H /D
y=

a=-4.75593010-5
b=3.924091
c=0.174875
d=-6.358805
e=5.668973
f=4.018448
g=-4.916411
h=-1.801705
i=-0.145348

A / AT
to
y=H /D
x = A / Ar

H /D

a=0.00153756
b=26.787101
c=3.299201
d=-22.923932
e=24.353518
f=-14.844824
g=-36.999376
h=10.5295572
i=9.892851

L2 =

L2

.b

L3

-7

(TH + TS )QLL
AHLL ALLL

. 12 in. D/12 L3

L3

L4

 -8

L4

.a
L
)
H

H = H LL (1

.b
= D HV H .
Assume a holdup/surge (typically) = 5 15 min.
Assume HLL is about 6 in. below the weir height and LLL is about 6 in. above the bottom of
the vessel

HHLL/D HLLL/D AHLL/D ALLL/D

AHLL ALLL .
.c

L4

(TH + TS )QLL
AHLL ALLL

= L4

-9 L
L = L1 + L2 + L3 + L4

-10

L/D

L/D .
L/D << 1.5 D D >> 6

L/D

. D } )0.5 / (= {
1 .

:
Heavy Liquid Boot
:
Operating Pressure (bar a)
Liquid Density(kg/m3)
Total Mass Flow (kg/h)
Vapor Density (kg/m3)
Temperature(C)

20
715.09
112639
2.60
45

-1
P = 20bar

1.01Psia
= 1.3741Psia
14.7bar

1Psia P 15 Psia k = 0.1821 + 0.0029 P + 0.046 ln P = 0.2007

UT = K (

ft
m
= 0.0612
s
s

L V 0. 5
m
715.09 2.6
) = 0.0612
= 1.0131
V
s
2 .6

U V = 0.75 U T = 0.76

m
s
surge

holdup -2

Separator with pump or through exchanger - TH , TS

60s
m3
0.0432
= 12.96m 3
1 min
s
60 s
m3
V S = TS Q L = 2 min
0.0432
= 5.184 m 3
1 min
s
VH = TH QL = 5 min

-3

4(V + V ) 3
H
S
D=
= 2.5769m
0.6 ( L )
D

2
D
AT =
= 5.2154m 2
4

surge holdup

-1
AV/AT

.a

0.2 D = 0.5154m

HV 0.2D (0.3049 m) 1 ft :
H V = 0.5154m

HV
A
= 0.2 V = 0.142411 AV = 0.7427m 2
D
AT

.b

vessel

)( ALLV

HLLV 1.275 m .
H LLV
A
= 0.49 LLV = 0.4874 ALLV = 2.542m 2
D
AT

H LLV = 1.275m

.c min holdup surge

VH + VS
= 9.3976m
AT AV ALLV

=L

-2 )(LMIN
.a )(
HV
= 0.678s
UV

.b )(UVA
QV
= 0.1963
AV

= U VA

.c
LMIN = U VA = 0.133m

-3 L

LMIN

L>LMIN .
-4

700.5
= 0.690.85 k S = 0.333 in.
min
1014

= )S G ( SpecificGravity
ft 3

H = 61.97 lb

ft 3

L = 43.73 lb

) H = 0.5939(cP
) L = 0.3668(cP

s
s

= 7.0118 10 3 m
= 4.3306 10 3 m

min
min

) = 16.5592 in.
) = 10.2272 in.

min
min

k s ( H L ) in.
(

= U HL

k s ( H L ) in.
(

= U LH

-5
) 12( H LLB + D HV
)= 294.0044( s
U HL

= t HL

) boot (HLLB Boot

.
( AT AV ) L
)= 972.191( s
QLL

= LL

-6 LL )(tHL
LL t HL acceptable

-7

L/D

-8

Heavy liquid boot

L
= 3.6439 acceptable
D

:
s

U P = 0.75U LH = 3.2479 10 3 m

: boot
4 12QHL
= 0.88m
U P

= DB

:
2.5769
H HL
2 = 297.52s
=
=
U LH 4.3306 10 3

t LH

) = 391s

(0.88)2 2.5769 2
4 0.002

DB2 H HL
4QHL

= HL

HL t LH