IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

Introduction to antenna and near-field

simulation in CST Microwave Studio
software
JJorge R
R. C
Costa
t
Jerzy Guterman

2005, it - instituto de telecomunicaes. Todos os direitos reservados.

CST Design
g Environment
3D EM simulation of
high frequency
problems
Signal and power
integrity and EMC/EMI
analysis on printed
circuit boards

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

Analysis and design of static and low

frequency EM applications
Simulation of free moving
charged particles
Circuit tool which combine
results from other CST
simulators

Signal and power integrity and

EMC/EMI analysis of cable harnesses

CST MWS Simulation Method

FIT: Finite Integration Technique
Maxwell Equations
r
ur uur
B uur
S E dl = S t dS
ur uur
D dS = dV
V

Maxwell Grid Equations

r
uur uur
D r uur
S H dl = S t + J dS
ur uur
B dS = 0

d
b
dt
% =q
Sd

Ce =

r
ur uur
B uur
E dl = S t dS
S

Calculation
Domain

Grid

ek
el

bn e j
ei

ei + e j ek el =

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

% = d d+j
Ch
dt
Sb = 0

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

d
bn
dt

Ce =

d
b
dt

ei
e
d
bn ]
1
1

1
[1442443] e j = [{
dt
k
b

C
el
{
e

CST MWS Transient Solver

Material Equations
r
r
D=E
r
r
B= H
r
r uur
J = E + J s

d = M e
b = M h
j = M e + js

Transient Solver
1

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

i +1 2

= h t M Ce
% i +1 ji +1
= ei +1 2 + t M 1 Ch

h
ei +3 2

i +1

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

hi

ei +1 2

hi+1

ei +3 2

CST MWS User Interface

Project type selection

(environment parameters)

Navigation Tree
Drawing Plane

Variables List

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

Project Messages
Windows

1st Example:
p Dipole
p
Antenna
Initial Setup
Select
S l t new project
j t iin CST MWS
Select Antenna (Mobile Phone) template
Confirm units
Confirm environment (air)

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example:
p Dipole
p
Antenna
Geometry Drawing
Draw
D
cylinder
li d
Name: Arm_up
Dimensions (in mm)
Material: Perfect Electric
Conductor PEC
Select object in
navigation
i ti ttree
Object transform

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example:
p Dipole
p
Antenna
Excitation and Simulation Setup
Insert
I
discrete
di
port
Setup frequency range
Run Transient Solver

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example:
p Dipole
p
Antenna
1D Results
In
I navigation
i ti ttree go to
t
1D Results
o S11
o Smith Chart
o Port Signal
o Energy
Can export results in
txt file or
TOUCHSTONE format

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example:
p Dipole
p
Antenna
Setting Monitors
Add Fi
Field
ld M
Monitors
it
((navigation
i ti
tree + right mouse bottom):
o E
E-field
field @ 2
2.2
2 GHz
o H-field @ 2.2 GHz
o Farfield/RCS @ 2.2 GHz

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

10

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example:
p Dipole
p
Antenna
Improving simulation
Boundary
B
d
C
Conditions
diti
->
>
Symmetry Planes
o YZ plane: magnetic (Ht
(Ht=0)
0)
o XZ plane: magnetic (Ht=0)
o XY plane: electric (Et=0)
Transient Solver
o Adaptive mesh refinement

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11

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example:
p Dipole
p
Antenna
Adaptive mesh results
In
I navigation
i ti ttree go to
t 1D
Results -> Adaptive Meshing
o S11
o Mesh cells
o Solver time
Transient Solver
o Deselect Adaptive
mesh refinement
o Press Apply

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

12

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example:
p Dipole
p
Antenna
Near-field results
In
I navigation
i ti ttree go to
t 2D/
3D Results -> E-field or H-field:
o Field components
o Amplitudes
o Phases
Can export results in txt
file

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

13

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example:
p Dipole
p
Antenna
Far-field results
In
I navigation
i ti ttree go to
t
Farfields:
o Field components
o Co-pol. and Cross-pol.
o Polar, 2D or 3D
o Rad. Efficiency
o Directivity or Gain
Can export
p results in txt
file or in GRASP format

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

14

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example:
p Dipole
p
Antenna
Structure Parameterization
Select Arm_up in
navigation tree
Edit object
In define cylinder, change
Zmax to variable L
Transient Solver
o Par. Sweep
o Add watch S11 in dB
o New Seq
Seq. &
New Par. L
Check & Start
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15

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example:
p Dipole
p
Antenna
Mesh Operations
Enable
E bl mesh
h view
i
View global mesh properties
Change local mesh of
Arm_up

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Visit CST Website

www.cst.com

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17

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

2nd Example:
p Microstrip
p Patch
Geometry Drawing
New Project
Draw Ground, Substrate and Patch
Define discrete port
(use local coordinate system)

28 mm

11 mm

S
Setup
t frequency
f
range (1 to
t 3 GHz)
GH )
& Field Monitors @ 2.2 GHz
Run transient solver
Object

Xmin

Xmax

Ymin

Ymax

Zmin

Zmax

Material

Ground

-40

40

-40

40

0 02
0.02

Copper

Substrate

-40

40

-40

40

0.02

RT5880

Patch

-28

28

-21

21

3.02

Copper

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

18

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

2nd Example:
p Microstrip
p Patch
Coaxial Feed (Part 1)
Copy S11 dB curve & delete discrete port
Macros -> Calculate -> Analytical Line
Impedance
p
Draw Inner Conductor cylinder:
o Select
S l t Ground
G
d ((repeatt for
f Substrate)
S b t t )
o Object -> Boolean -> Insert -> Inner
Conductor
Conductor
Object

Radius

Zmin

Zmax

Material

Inner Conductor

0.45

-20

Copper
pp

Dielectric

1.49

-20

Teflon (r = 2.08)

Outer Conductor

1.8

-20

Copper

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19

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

2nd Example:
p Microstrip
p Patch
Coaxial Feed (Part 2)
Pick lateral face of Inner
Inner Conductor
Conductor
Object -> Extrude -> create Dielectric

1.04

Repeat for Outer Conductor

Pick top face of Dielectric
Object -> Local Modifications -> Move Face (-3)
p
for Outer Conductor
Repeat
Object

Radius

Zmin

Zmax

Material

Inner Conductor

0.45

-20

Copper
pp

Dielectric

1.49

-20

Teflon (r = 2.08)

Outer Conductor

1.8

-20

Copper

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

20

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

2nd Example:
p Microstrip
p Patch
Waveguide Port
Pick bottom face of Outer
Outer Conductor
Conductor
Select Waveguide Port
Run Transient Solver
In navigation tree see 2D/3D Results -> Port
M d
Modes
Compare S11 curves

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

21

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

2nd Example:
p Microstrip
p Patch
Simulation of a body above antenna
Copy E- and H-planes radiation patterns
Copy S11 dB curve
Create brick of Body:
o Create new material Body
r=5
5 and
d =1
1 (S/
(S/m))
Run Transient Solver
See S11 curve &
radiation patterns

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

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-70

70

-70

70

10

40

Q
Questions
ti
?

After a CST simulation ...

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Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010