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FI
NALTERM EXAMI NATI
ON
Fall2009
ECO401-Economics(Sessi
on-4)
Ti
me:120mi n
Marks:87

Quest
ionNo:1 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Ift
hequant i
tydemandedofapr oductisgreat
ert
hant
hequant
it
ysuppl
ied
ofaproduct,then:
► Therei sashortageoft heproduct.
► Thereisas ur
plusoftheproduct
.
► Thepr oducti
sanor malgood.
► Thepr oducti
sani nf
eri
orgood.

Quest
ionNo:2 (Mar ks:1) -Pleasechooseone
Thecrosspr i
ceelast
ici
tyofdemandforcomplement
arygoodsi
s:
► Lessthan0.
► Equalto0.
► Great
erthan0.
► Between0and1.

Quest
ionNo:3 (Mar ks:1) -Pleasechooseone
SR
Assumelei
sureisanor malgood.Ifi
ncomeeffectequal
ssubst
it
uti
onef
fect
t
henawager at
eincr
easewi l
lleadapersonto:

►Increasehour
sofwork.
► Decreasehoursofwor k.
U

► Notchangehoursofwork.
► Noneofthegi
venoptions.
V

QuestionNo:4 (Mar ks:1) -Pl

easechooseone
_______________ar iseswhen an i
ncreasein al
li nput
sleadst o amore-
than-
pr oporti
onalincrease i
nthe l
evelofoutput ._____________ means
thatas i nputs ar
e added tothe product
ion process,outputi ncr
eases
proportional
ly.

► Economi esofscale;const antret

urnstoscale.
► Constantret
urnstoscal
e;decr easi
ngret
urnstoscal
e.
► Decreasi
ngreturnstoscale;economiesofscal
e.
► Economiesofs cal
e;decreasingret
urnst
oscale.

Quest
ionNo:5 (Marks:1) -Pl
easechooseone
Anisoquantcur
veshows:

► Al
lthealt
ernat
ivecombi
nat
ionsoft
wo i
nput
sthatyi
eldt
hesame
maxi
mum tot
alpr
oduct.
 VUSR LMS
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► Allt
healter
nat i
vecombinati
onsoft
wopr oductst
hatcanbepr
oducedby
usi
ngagivensetofinputsf
ull
yandi nt
hebestpossibl
eway.
► Al
lthealter
nat i
vecombinat
ionsoft
wopr oduct
samongwhichaproduc
er
i
sindi
f
fer
entbecauset heyyi
eldthesameprof
it
.
► Noneofthegi venopt
ions.

Questi
onNo:6 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Totalcostsar ethesum of :
► Mar ginalcostsandvari
abl
ec osts.
► Fixedcost sandvar i
abl
ecost s.
► Fixedcost sandmar gi
nalcosts
.
► Aver agev ari
abl
ecostsandmar ginalcost
s.

Quest
ionNo:7 (Marks:1) -Pleasechooseone
Afirmischar
gingadi
ffer
entpr
iceforeachuni
tpurchasedbyaconsumer
.
Thi
siscal
led:
► Fi
rst
-degreepri
cediscri
mi nati
on.
► Second-degreepricedi scriminat
ion.
► Thi
rd-degreepr
icediscri
mi nat
ion.
► Noneoft hegi
venopt i
ons .

Quest
ionNo:8 (Marks:1) -Pleasechooseone
SR
Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngbestexpressesthelaw ofdemand?

► Ahi
gherpr
icereducesdemand.
► Al
owerpri
cereducesdemand.
► Ahi
gherpricereducesquanti
tydemanded.
U

► Al
owerpri
ceshift
sthedemandcurv
etotheri
ght
.
V

Questi
onNo:9 (Marks:1) -Pl
easechooseone
Ifasalest
axonbeerl
eadst
oreducedtaxr
evenue,t
hismeans:

► El
ast
ici
tyofdemandi s<1.
► El
ast
icityofdemandi s>1.
► Demandi supward-sl
oping.
► Demandi sper
fectl
yinel
asti
c.

Quest
ionNo:10 (Marks:1) -Pleasechooseone
Forafir
m buyi
ngl
aborcompeti
ti
vely,t
hemar gi
nali
nputcosti
sequalt
o
t
he:

► Wage.
►Interestr
ate.
► Pri
ceofout put
.
► Costofrawmat er
ial
s.
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Questi
onNo:11 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
The classi
cal economi
stst hought that t
he economy woul
d qui
ckl
y
over
comeanyshor truni
nstabil
it
ybecause:

► Pr
icel
evelandquant
it
yar
efl
exi
ble.
► Pr
iceswoul
dgetst
uckatal
owl
evel
.
► Thel
ongr
unaggr
egat
esuppl
ywoul
dshi
ftt
othel
eft
.
► Pr
icesandwagesar
efl
exi
ble.

Questi
onNo:12 (Marks:1) -Pl
easechooseone
Finalgoodsar
emeantfor
:

► Dir
ectusebyt heconsumer
s.
► Furt
herprocessi
ng.
► Theter
m donotex i
st.
► Noneofthegivenopti
ons
.

Quest
ionNo:13 (Mar
ks:1) -Pl
easechooseone
Theaver
agepr
opensi
tyt
oconsumei
sther
ati
oof
:
SR
► Achangeinconsumpt iont oachangei ndisposablei
ncome.
► Achangeinconsumpti
ont ototaldi
sposabl
eincomeataspecif
ici
ncome
l
evel
.
► Tot
alcons
umpti
ontototaldisposabl
eincomeatas peci
fi
cinc
omelevel
.
U

► Tot
alcons
umpti
ontoac hangei ndisposabl
eincome.

Quest
ionNo:14 (Marks:1) -Pleasechooseone
V

Theslopeoft
hesavi
ngfunct
ion(orli
ne)ist
he:

► Averagepropensi
tytosave.
► Averagepropensi
tytoconsume.
► Marginalpropensit
ytosave.
► Marginalpr
opensi
tytoconsume.

QuestionNo:15 (Marks:1) -Pleasechooseone

The gover
nmentincr
eases t
he numberofj ob centr
es and uses mor
e
advancedcomputer
stoimprovet
hei nf
ormati
ondatabase.Thi
screat
es:

► St
ruc t
uralUnemployment
.
► RegionalUnemployment.
► Fri
ctionalUnempl oyment.
► DemandDef i
ci
entUnemployment
.
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Quest
ionNo:16 (Marks:1) -Pleasechooseone
Whichoneofthef
oll
owingcanleadtoariseini
nfl
ati
on?

► Ani
ncreaseincostsofpr oducti
on.
► Ani
ncr
easeinproducti
vecapacit
y.
► Ani
ncr
easeinthelevelofdi
rectt
axat
ion.
► Ani
ncr
easeintheexchanger at
e.

Quest
ionNo:17 (Mar
ks:1) -Pleasechooseone
Whatdoestheter
m"bal
anceofpaymentdefi
cit
"ref
ert
o?

► Ani
ncreaseinoffi
ciali
nternati
onalres
erv
es.
► Aposi
ti
vestati
sti
caldiscrepancy.
► Anegati
vestat
ist
icaldiscrepancy.
► Adecli
neinof fi
cialinternati
onalreser
ves.

Quest
ionNo:18 (Mar ks:1) -Pl
easechooseone
How shoul
dfiscalpol
icybeusedduringi
nfl
ati
on?

►I ncr
easeGovernmentexpendit
ureanddecr
easet
axestodecrease
aggr
egatedemand.
►I ncr
easeGovernmentexpendit
ureanddecr
easet
axestoincr
ease
SR
aggr
egatedemand.
► DecreaseGovernmentexpendi
tureandi
ncr
easetax
estoincr
ease
aggr
egatedemand.
► DecreaseGover nmentexpenditur
eandincr
easetaxestodecrease
aggregat
edemand.
U

Quest
ionNo:19 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Ift
hedemandcur vef oragoodi sdownwardslopi
ng,t
hent
hegood:
V

► Mustbei
nferior
.
► Mustbegi
ffen.
► Canbenormal orinf
eri
or.
► Mustbenor mal.

Quest
ionNo:20 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Keepinginview themodelofaggr egatesupplyandaggr egat
edemand,i
n
t
helongrun,ani ncreaseint hemoneysuppl yshouldcause:
► Bothpricesandout puttor i
se.
► Pri
cest
of allandoutputtoremainunchanged.
► Bothpr
icesandout puttofall
.
► Pri
cest
or iseandout putt
or emainunchanged.

Quest
ionNo:21 (Marks:1) -Pleasechooseone
Whichofthefol
lowi
ngisTRUEaccordingtocl
assi
caleconomi
sts?
 VUSR LMS
www.VUSR.net community.vusr.net

► Aggr egatedemandcur vei

sdownwar dslopi
ngandt heaggr egat
e
supplycurvei svert
ical
.
► Aggr egatedemandcur
veisdownwardsl
opingandtheaggregatesuppl
y
cur
veisupwar dslopi
ng.
► Aggr egatedemandcur
veisver
ti
calandtheaggr
egatesupplycurvei
s
upwardsloping.
► Aggr egatedemandcur
veisver
ti
calandtheaggr
egatesupplycurvei
s
hor
izont
al.

QuestionNo:22 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone

Whycal culati
onsofGr ossDomest icProduct(GDP)countonl yfinalgoods
andser vices?
► Becaus ei tis di
ff
icul
tto measuret he prices ofint
ermediate goods
produc
ed.
► Becauset hesearetheonlygoodsandser vicesthatarepurchasedinan
economy .
► Because count ing allgoods and services wouldl ead to double-
counti
ngofmanyact i
viti
es.
► Bec aus
e one cannotc al
cul
atet he quantiti
es ofint
ermediate goods
produc
ed.

Questi
onNo:23 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
--
--
---
---
---
---
--plays an impor t
antr ol
ein making sur
et hatthe economy
SR
r
eachesandst aysatequi l
ibr
ium atthepotent
ialout
putlevel
.
► Real exchangerate.
► Thepr oducti
onfuncti
on.
► Real pri
celevel
.
U

► Reali nt
erestrate.

Questi
onNo:24 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
V

Whya$1i ncr
easei ngover nmentspendi ngwillhaveal argerimpactupon
nat
ionali
ncomet hana$1t axcut?
► Becausethegov ernmentpri
ntst hec urr
encyitspends.
► Becausenotal loft hetaxcuti sspent .
► Becausewhent ax esarecut,gov er
nments pendingisal
soc ut
.
► Becausetaxesar eani nj
ect
ionintothesy st
em.

Quest
ionNo:25 (Marks:1) -Pleasechooseone
Commer ci
albanksi
nPakist
anar
esupervisedby:

► Stat
ebankofPaki st
an.
► Nati
onalbankofPakistan.
► Fi
nancemi ni
sterofPakist
an.
► Worl
dbank.

Quest
ionNo:26 (Mar
ks:1) -Pl
easechooseone
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Tr
adecanbebenef ici
alinwhi chofthefoll
owi
ngsituati
ons?
► Twocount
ri
esproduc ethesamegoodsatthesamec ost
s.
► Twocountri
espr oducediffer
entgoodsatdif
ferentcost
s.
► Twocount
ri
esarei sol
ated.
► Twocount
ri
eshav ethesamemar kets.

QuestionNo:27 (Mar ks:1) -Pleasechooseone

Fir
m A producescot t
onwor thRs.1000andsellsittofir
m B.From thi
s,
fir
m Bmakesyar nworthRs.1500andsellstofi
rm C.Fir
m C manufact
ures
clothworthRs.2500andsel l
stoconsumers.Thevalueaddedis:
► 1000+1500+2500=Rs.5000
► 1000+500+2500=Rs.4000
► 1000+500+1000=Rs.2500
► 1000+1500+1000=Rs.3500

Quest
ionNo:28 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Whichofthefoll
owingbestdefines“subsi dies”?
► PaymentbyGovernmentforpurchaseofgoodsandser vices.
► Paymentbybusi
nessenterpri
sestofactorsofpr
oduct
ion.
► Paymentbycompaniest
oshar eholders.
► PaymentbyGover nmentt obusinessent erpr
iseswithoutbuyi
ngany
goodsandservi
ces.
SR
Quest
ionNo:29 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Nati
onalproductatmar ketpri
cesi ncorporat
e:
► Pri
ceswhi chbuyer sactuall
ypay.
► Paymentsmadet othefactorowners.
U

► Costsi
ncurredi
npr oduci
nggoodsandser vi
ces.
► Costsminussubsi
dies.
V

Quest
ionNo:30 (Mar ks:1) -Pl
easechooseone
Amar gi
nalpropensityt
oconsume(MPC)of0.95i
ndicat
est
hat
:
► ∆Cto∆Ydi s0.95.
► C/Ydis0.95.
► ∆Ydt
o∆Ci s0.95.
► Yd/Cis0.95.

Quest
ionNo:31 (Marks:1) -Pleasechooseone
WhenMPCi s0.80andAPCi s0.
95thenMPSi s:
► 0.
20andAPSi s0.
05.
► 0.
05andAPSis0.20.
► 0.
20andAPSis0.20.
► 0.
05andAPSis0.05.

Quest
ionNo:32 (Marks:1) -Pleasechooseone
Whichofthefol
lowi
ngarel
eakagesfrom t
hecir
cul
arf
low?
 VUSR LMS
www.VUSR.net community.vusr.net

► Consumpti
onandsaving.
► Savingandimports.
►Impor t
sandexpor
ts.
► Export
sandsavi
ngs.

Questi
onNo:33 (Mar ks:1) -Pleasechooseone
Thetimet hatalaborerusesforrel
axat
ionandallact
ivi
ti
esot
hert
hanwor
k
ornecessarysleepisknownas:
► Freetime.
► Leisure.
► Timenotus edforearni
ng.
► Allofthegiv
enoptions.

Quest i
onNo:34 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Laborsupplycurveisbackwar dbendingbecause:
► The income ef f
ectofhi gheri ncome dominates t
he substi
tuti
on
effectofhi
gherwages.
► Thes ubst
it
uti
oneffectofhigherincomedominatestheinc
omeef f
ectof
higherwages.
► Theincomeef f
ectofhi gheri
ncomedomi nat
esthepr i
ceeff
ectofhigher
wages.
► Noneofthegivenoptions.
SR
Quest
ionNo:35 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Thegover nmentsuppor tsresearchi nbasicsci
encebecause:
►I ti
sapubl icgood.
► Externalcostsarecreated.
U

►I nternalbenefit
sar ecreated.
► Freemar ketswoulddosoot herwise.
V

QuestionNo:36 (Mar ks:1) -Pleasechooseone

Inclassicalt
heor y,excesssuppl yofaproductwoul
dbeassoci
atedwi
th:
► Risingint
er estrates.
► Fal l
i
ngint
er estrates.
► Ri si
ngpr icef ortheproduct.
► Fal l
i
ngpricef ortheproduct
.

Quest
ionNo:37 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Whichoft hefoll
owingi sNOTadet er
minantofnetexpor
ts?
► Domest i
candforeignincomes.
► Relati
vepri
celevels.
► Domest i
candforeigntradepol
ici
es.
► Producers’expect at
ionsaboutfutur
eprices.

Quest
ionNo:38 (Marks:1) -Pl
easechooseone
Atradesur
plusoccur
swhen:
 VUSR LMS
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► Ac ountr
y'sfi
rmsopenmores t
oresabr
oadthanf or
eignfi
rmsopeni nthe
country
.
► Acount rysellsmoreabroadthanitpurchasesf r
om abr oad.
► For ei
gnfirmsopenmorest or
esinacount r
yt hant hecountryopensin
forei
gnc ount
ri
es.
► Ac ountr
ypurchasesmorefr
om abroadthanothercountr
iespurchase
from i
t.

Quest
ionNo:39 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Achangefrom $1.
00=Rs.80. 00to$1.00=Rs.85.
00repr
esent
s:
► Depr
eci
ati
onofthedol
lar
.
► Anappr
eciat
ionoft
hedollar
.
► Anappr
eciat
ionoft
herupee.
► Noneofthegivenopti
ons.

Quest
ionNo:40 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Thereisanincreaseintheeconomy’ spot ent
ialoutputwhent
her
eis:
► Anincr
easeingovernmentspending.
► Adecreaseingovernmentspending.
► Anincreaseintheeconomy’ scapi t
alstock.
► Anincr
easeintheec onomy’
sdepr eci
ati
onrate.

Quest i
onNo:41 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
SR
One oft he i
mplicat
ions ofSol ow growth modeli sthatallothert hings
remainingthesame,count ri
eswi thrapidl
ygrowi ngpopul ati
onwi l
ltendt o:
► Bepoor erthancount ri
eswi thlowerpopul ationgrowth.
► Growslowerthancount ri
eswi t
hlowerpopulati
ongrowth.
U

► Growhigherthancount r
ieswithlowerpopulat
iongrowth.
► Hav el owermar ginalpr oducts ofcapi
talt han countr
ies wi
thl ower
populat
iongrowth.
V

Quest
ionNo:42 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Therapidpopul ationgr owthintoday’sdevel
opi
ngnat
ionsi
sduet
othe:
► Highbir
thr atesonly.
► Lowdeathr atesonly
.
► Highbirthr ateandl ow deat
hr at
e.
► Higherst
andar dofli
vi
ng.

QuestionNo:43 (Mar ks:1) -Pl

easechooseone
Theprincipl eoftaxationwhichemphasi
zesonfai
rnessorj
ustsacr
if
icei
s
knownas:
► Eff
iciency.
► Equi ty.
► Progr essi
vet ax
.
► Regr essiv
et ax.
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Quest
ionNo:44 (Mar ks:1) -Pleasechooseone
Therelat
ionshipbetweentaxr
atesandtotalt
axcoll
ect
ionsbygover
nment
i
sknownas:
► Laff
ercurve.
► Demandcur ve.
► Supplycurv
e.
►I nv
estmentcurve.

QuestionNo:45 (Marks:1) -Pleasechooseone

The opt
imum tax r
atein whi
ch gover
nmentrevenue i
s maxi
mized l
ies
somewher ebet
ween:
► 0% and1%.
► 0% and50%.
► 50% and100%.
► 0% and100%.

Quest
ionNo:46 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Moneyisdef i
nedasani t
em that:
► Servesasamedi um ofexchangef orgoodsandser vices.
► Canbec onv
ert
edintosi
lverwithrelati
velyli
tt
lelossinvalue.
► Canbec onv
ert
edintogoldwit
hr elati
velyli
tt
lelossinvalue.
► Facil
i
tat
esaconnecti
ngli
nkbet weencr editi
nstrumentsanddebt
SR
i
nst
ruments.

Quest
ionNo:47 (Mar ks:1) -Pl
easechooseone
Ataximposedbyacount ryonani
mportedgoodorser
vicei
scal
leda:
► Quota.
U

► Tarif
f.
► Non-tar
if
fbar
ri
er.
► Tradeembargo.
V

Quest
ionNo:48 (Mar ks:1) -Pl
easechooseone
Poorcountri
esremainedpoorbecauseof
:
► Hi
gherpercapit
aincome.
► Vi
ciouscircl
eofpoverty.
► Hi
ghlevelofi
nvestment
.
► Hi
ghratesofsavi
ngs.

Questi
onNo:49 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Ifotherthings r
emaining the same,expect ed income can be used as a
di
rectmeasur eofwel
l-beingi nwhichofthefollowi ngsi t
uati
ons?
►I tcanbeusedifandonl yifi
ndiv
idual
sarenotr isk-
loving.
►I tcanbeusedifandonl yifi
ndiv
idual
sarer i
skav erse.
►I tcanbeusedifandonl yifi
ndiv
idual
sarer i
skneut ral
.
►I tcanbeusednomat terwhataper son'spr efer
encet ori
sk.
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Quest
ionNo:50 (Marks:1) -Pl
easechooseone
Whatquesti
onsarerel
atedwi
thexplanat
ion?Whatquest
ionsar
erel
ated
wi
thwhatoughtt
obe?
► Posi
ti
ve,negat
i
ve.
► Negati
ve,nor
mative.
► Normati
ve,posi
ti
ve.
► Posit
ive,normati
ve.

Questi
onNo:51 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Whatwillhappent ot hedemandf orpr oductX,i
ftherei
sani
ncr
easei
n
consumer’sincome?
►I twil
lnecessari
lyremai nunchanged.
►I twil
lshi
fttotherightifXisacompl ementar
ygood.
►I twil
lshifttother ightifXisanor malgood.
►I twil
lshi
fttotherightifXisaninfer
iorgood.

Quest
ionNo:52 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Which ofthefoll
owing occurwhen an isocostli
nei sjusttangentt o an
i
soquant?
► Outputisbeingproducedatmi nimum cost
.
► Outputi
snotbeingproducedatmini
mum cost
.
► Thetwoproductsarebeingpr
oducedatthemedium i
nputcostt
ot hefi
rm.
SR
► Thetwoproductsarebeingpr
oducedatthehi
ghesti
nputcosttothefi
rm.

QuestionNo:53 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone

Supposeal li
nput sar eincr
easedby20% butout putincr
easesbyl esst
han
U

20% inapr oductionpr ocess.Thi smeansthatthefi

rm exper
iences:
► Decreasingr eturnstoscale.
► Constantreturnstoscale.
V

►I ncr
easingreturnstoscale.
► Noneoft hegivenopt i
ons.

Quest
ionNo:54 (Mar ks:1) -Pl easechooseone
Inwhichofthef ol
lowingconditions,afi
rm wil
lneveroperate?
► Att
hemi nimum ofitsaver
agetotalc
ostcur
v e.
► Att
hemi nimum ofi t
saveragevariabl
ecostcurve.
► Onthedownwar d-slopi
ngporti
onofit
saveragetot
alcostcur
ve.
► Onthedownwar d-slopi
ngporti
onofit
saveragevari
abl
ecostcurve.

Questi
onNo:55 (Mar ks:3)
How t
he centralbank pl
ays i
tsr
olei
n or
dert
o cont
rolt
he act
ivi
ti
es of
commer ci
albanks?
 VUSR LMS
www.VUSR.net community.vusr.net

Questi
onNo:56 (Mar ks:5)
Brief
lydi
scussdi
ff
erenttypesoft
axeswhi
chagover
nmentcani
mpose.

Quest i
onNo:57 (Mar ks:5)
A.
Dif
ferent
iatebetweenf i
nalgoodsandi nt
ermediat
egoodswit
hthehel p
ofexampl es.
B.Seet hefoll
owi ngtabl
e:
Year 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
RealGDP
1.
2% - 5.
5% 1. 8% 3. 9% 4. 5% 5. 3% 2.6% 1. 9%
Growt hRate
a)Cal culat
et heaveragegrowthrat
ef r
om 1982and1985.
b)Cal culat
et heaveragegrowthrat
ef r
om 1979and1986.
(
Marks:3+2)

Quest
ionNo:58 (Mar ks:10)
From theinf
ormationgiveninthefol
lowi
ngtable,calcul
atethenumberof
unemployedpersonsandunempl oymentr
ate.
SR
Year SizeofLabor Numberofper sons
For
ce Empl oyed
1984 113544 105005
1985 115461 107150
U

1986 117834 109597

1987 119865 112440
1988 121669 114968
V

(
Marks:5+5)

Quest
ionNo:59 (Mar ks:10)
Answerthefol
lowingquesti
ons.
a)Whatisinter
estpari
tycondit
ion?
b)Whendoest hiscondit
ionhold?
c)Whatistheequationofthi
sconditi
on?
d)Whatwi l
lhappeniftheequal
ityoft
hecondi
ti
ondoesnothol
d?
(Mar
ks:2+2+2+4)