M ODERN A LGEBRA I

Assignment V

Miliyon Tilahun (NSR/4137/05)

September 10, 2015

Consider (Z12 , 12 , 12 ).
I 1 = {0, 3, 6, 9},

I 2 = {0, 4, 8}

(I 1 , I 2 ideals)

Find

1. Z12 I 1 and complete addition and multiplication table.

2. Z12 I 2 and complete addition and multiplication table.

Solution:

1. Z12 I 1 = {a + I 1 : a Z12 }
0 + I 1 = {0 12 0, 0 12 3, 0 12 6, 0 12 9} = {0, 3, 6, 9} = I 1
1 + I 1 = {1 12 0, 1 12 3, 1 12 6, 1 12 9} = {1, 4, 7, 10} = I 1
2 + I 1 = {2 12 0, 2 12 3, 2 12 6, 2 12 9} = {2, 5, 8, 11} = I 1
3 + I 1 = {3 12 0, 3 12 3, 3 12 6, 3 12 9} = {3, 6, 9, 0} = 0 + I 1 = I 1
4 + I 1 = {4 12 0, 4 12 3, 4 12 6, 4 12 9} = {4, 7, 10, 1} = 1 + I 1
And hence
I1 = 0 + I1 = 3 + I1 = 6 + I1 = 9 + I1
1 + I 1 = 4 + I 1 = 7 + I 1 = 10 + I 1
2 + I 1 = 5 + I 1 = 8 + I 1 = 11 + I 1

Therefore Z12 I 1 = {I 1 , 1 + I 1 , 2 + I 1 }.

Table 1: Addition and Multiplication table

(a) (a + I 1 ) 12 (b + I 1 ) := (a 12 b) + I 1

12
I1
1 + I1
2 + I1

I1
I1
1 + I1
2 + I1

1 + I1
1 + I1
2 + I1
I1

(b) (a + I 1 ) 12 (b + I 1 ) := (a 12 b) + I 1

2 + I1
2 + I1
I1
1 + I1

12
I1
1 + I1
2 + I1

I1
I1
I1
I1

1 + I1
I1
1 + I1
2 + I1

2 + I1
I1
2 + I1
1 + I1

2. Z12 I 2 = {a + I 2 : a Z12 }
0 + I 2 = {0 12 0, 0 12 4, 0 12 8 = {0, 4, 8} = I 2
1 + I 2 = {1 12 0, 1 12 4, 1 12 8} = {1, 5, 9}
2 + I 2 = {2 12 0, 2 12 4, 2 12 8} = {2, 6, 10}
3 + I 2 = {3 12 0, 3 12 4, 3 12 8} = {3, 7, 11}
4 + I 2 = {4 12 0, 4 12 4, 4 12 8} = {4, 8, 0} = 0 + I 2 = I 2
5 + I 2 = {5 12 0, 5 12 4, 5 12 8} = {5, 9, 1} = 1 + I 2
And hence
I2 = 0 + I2 = 4 + I2 = 8 + I2
1 + I2 = 5 + I2 = 9 + I2
2 + I 2 = 6 + I 2 = 10 + I 2
3 + I 2 = 7 + I 2 = 11 + I 2

Therefore Z12 I 2 = {I 2 , 1 + I 2 , 2 + I 2 , 3 + I 2 }.

Table 2: Addition and Multiplication table

(a) (a + I 2 ) 12 (b + I 2 ) := (a 12 b) + I 2

12
I2
1 + I2
2 + I2
3 + I2

I2
I2
1 + I2
2 + I2
3 + I2

1 + I2
1 + I2
2 + I2
3 + I2
I2

2 + I2
2 + I2
3 + I2
I2
1 + I2

3 + I2
3 + I2
I2
1 + I2
2 + I2

(b) (a + I 2 ) 12 (b + I 2 ) := (a 12 b) + I 2

12
I2
1 + I2
2 + I2
3 + I2

I2
I2
I2
I2
I2

1 + I2
I2
1 + I2
2 + I2
3 + I2

2 + I2
I2
2 + I2
I2
2 + I2

3 + I2
I2
3 + I2
2 + I2
1 + I2