Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chuong 2 - Tac Tu
Chuong 2 - Tac Tu
Ni dung mn hc:
Tc t
nh ngha
Cc kiu mi trng
g
Cc kiu tc t
Suy din
vi tri thc khng chc
chn
Hc my
Lp k hoch
Tr tu nhn to
Tc t - nh
ngha
g
Tc t con ngi
Tc t ngi my
Tc t v Mi trng
g
f: P* A
Tc t = Kin
trc + Chng trnh
Tr tu nhn to
V d: Th gii ca my ht bi
Cc nhn thc
V tr v mc sch s
V d: [A, Bn], [B, Sch]
Cc hnh ng
Di chuyn (my ht bi) sang tri, sang phi, ht bi, hoc khng
lm g c
Tr tu nhn to
Tc t my
y ht bi
Bng hnh ng ca tc t my ht bi
Chui cc nhn
thc
Hnh ng
g
[A, Sch]
[A, Bn]
Ht bi
[[B,, Sch]
]
Di chuyn
y sang
g tri
[B, Bn]
Ht bi
Ht bi
...
function Reflex-Vacuum-Agent(
g
( [[location,status])
,
]) returns an action
if status = Dirty then return Suck
else if location = A then return Right
else if location = B then return Left
Tr tu nhn to
Tc t hp
p l
(1)
( )
Mt
hnh ng
g ng
g (hp
( p l)
) l hnh ng
gg
gip
p cho tc
t t c thnh cng cao nht i vi mc tiu t ra
Tr tu nhn to
Tc t hp l (2)
Tc t hp
p l
Tr tu nhn to
Tc t hp l (3)
S hp l S thng sut mi th
Cc tc t c th
thc hin cc hnh ng nhm thay i
Tc t t tr (autonomous agent) l mt tc t m cc
h h ng
hnh
ca
n
c
quyt
t nh
h bi chnh
h h ki
kinh
h
nghim ca tc t (cng vi kh nng hc v thch
nghi)
Tr tu nhn to
PEAS
thit k mt
t tc
t t thng
th minh
i h (h
(hp l),
l) ttrc
ti
tin cn
Tr tu nhn to
10
V d: Thit k mt tc t li xe taxi t ng
nh
h gi
i hi
hiu qu
h
hott ng
(P):
(P) an ton,
t nhanh,
h h
ng lut giao thng, mc hi lng ca khch
hng, ti u li nhun,
Mi trng xung quanh (E): cc con ng (ph),
cc phng tin khc cng tham gia giao thng,
g ngi
g
i b, cc khch hng,
g
nhng
Cc b phn hnh ng (A): bnh li, chn ga,
phanh, n tn hiu, ci xe,
Cc b phn cm bin (S): my quay (cameras),
ng h tc , GPS, ng h o khong cch qung
ng, cc b cm bin ng c,
Tr tu nhn to
11
V d: Thit k mt tc t chun on y t
nh gi hiu qu hot ng (P): mc sc khe
ca bnh nhn, cc tiu ha cc chi ph, cc vic kin
co,
Mi trng xung quanh (E): bnh nhn, bnh vin,
nhn vin y t,
Cc b phn hnh ng (A): hin th trn mn hnh
cc cu hi, cc xt nghim, cc chun on, cc
iu tr, cc ch dn,
Cc b phn cm bin (S): bn phm nhp vo
cc thng tin v triu chng, cc tr li ca bnh nhn
i vi cc cu hi
hi,
Tr tu nhn to
12
V d: Thit k mt tc t nht vt
13
Tr tu nhn to
14
15
Cc kiu mi trng
g ((1))
Xc nh
((hay
y ngu
g nhin)?
)
Cc b cm bin
ca mt tc t cho php n truy cp ti trng thi y
ca mi trng ti mi thi im
16
Ri rc (hay
(h lin
li tc)?
)?
Tc t n l (hay a tc t)?
17
Cc kiu mi trng V d
Quan st y ?
Xc nh?
Phn on?
Tnh?
Ri rc?
T t n?
Tc
?
Chi c
tnh g
gi
c
chin lc
khng
bn ng
c
kh
khng
Chi c khng
tnh g
gi
c
chin lc
khng
c
c
kh
khng
Li xe taxi
khng
khng
khng
khng
khng
kh
khng
18
Cc kiu tc t
4 kiu tc t c bn
Tc t da trn li ch ((utility-based
y
agents)
g
)
Tr tu nhn to
19
Tc t p
phn x
n gin
g
(1)
( )
Tr tu nhn to
20
Tr tu nhn to
21
Tr tu nhn to
22
function REFLEX-AGENT-WITH-STATE(percept)
static: state (m t trng thi hin ti ca mi trng)
rules (tp cc lut c dng: iu kin-hnh
kin hnh ng)
action (hnh ng gn nht)
state UPDATE-STATE(state,
UPDATE-STATE(state action,
action percept)
rule RULE-MATCH(state, rules)
action RULE-ACTION[rule]
return action
Tr tu nhn to
23
Tc t da trn mc tiu
Lu
u g
gi
mt
t tp cc mc
c tiu
t u (cn
(c t c)
Tr tu nhn to
24
Tc t da
trn mc
tiu (2)
( )
Tr tu nhn to
25
Tc t da trn li ch (1)
Cn s nh gi li ch i vi tc t
Hm li ch (utility function)
Tr tu nhn to
26
Tc t da
trn li
ch ((2))
Tr tu nhn to
27
Tc t c kh nng hc (1)
Thnh phn
hc: gip ci thin hiu qu hot ng - da trn cc
nh gi, thay i (ci thin) thnh phn hnh ng
Thnh
p
phn
s
sn sinh
s
kinh nghim:
g c nhim
v
xut
ut cc hnh
Tr tu nhn to
28
Tc t c kh nng
g hc
((2))
Tr tu nhn to
29
C s tri thc ca tc t
Tc t cn c kh nng
Thu th
Th
thp (cp
( nht)
ht) cc
ttrii th
thc mi
i
Cp nht vic biu din (bn trong tc t) i vi mi trng xung quanh
Suy din ra cc thuc tnh n ca mi trng xung quanh
S lun
Suy
l a
ra cc
h
hnh
h ng
hp
h l
Tr tu nhn to
30
a tc t (1)
Cc tc t cng tc
31
a tc t (2)
Cc tc t cnh tranh
V d: chi c
Mi tc t phi nhn bit c s tn ti (v hot ng) ca cc
tc t khc
Mi t
tc t t
tnh
h ton
t (d
(d
on)
)
c cc
k h
hoch
h ca
((mt
t s)
)
cc tc t khc
Mi tc t tnh ton (d on) c nh hng ca cc k hoch
ca
cc
t
tc t kh
khc i vi
i k h
hoch
h ca
b
bn thn
th n
Mi tc t quyt nh hnh ng ti u i vi d on nh
hng ny
Tr tu nhn to
32
Tc t - Tng
g kt
Mt tc t hp l s cc i ha hiu qu hot ng ca n
C m
Cc
t PEAS xc
nh
h mi
i ttrng
cng
vic
i
Phn on?
tnh? Ri rc?
Tc t
n l?
33