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Tel: [+92-42] 36314-510
[+92-42] 99203-573
Fax: [+92-42] 3631-4496
Email: info@iap.gov.pk
Website: www.allamaiqbal.com
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:
The present-day Moslem prefers to roam about aimlessly in the dusky valleys of
Hellenic-Persian Mysticism, which teaches us to shut our eyes to the hard Reality
around, and to fix our gaze on what it describes as "Illuminations"__blue, red and
yellow Reality springing up from the cells of an overworked brain. To me this
self-mystification, this Nihilism, i.e.. seeking Reality in quarters where it does not
exist, is a physiological symptom which gives me a clue to the decadence of the
Muslim world. The intellectual history of the ancient world will reveal to you this
most significant fact that the decadent in all ages have tried to seek shelter behind
self-mystification and Nihilism.82
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Do not listen to him who says there is a secret doctrine in Islam which cannot be
revealed to the uniniatied. Herein lies the power of this pretender and your
thraldom.83
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{gY 1917)O
Moslem youngmen! Beware of the mystifier. His noose has now been too long
round your neck. The regeneration of the Moslem world lies in the strong
uncompromising, ethical Monotheism which was preached to the Arabs thirteen
hundred years ago. Come, then, out of the fogs of Persianism and walk into the
brilliant desert sunshine of Arabia. 87
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I have however, lost much of my interest in Muslim Philosophy and Mysticism. To
my mind the fiqh of Islam, i.e. the law relating to what is called muamilat is far
more important in the Economic and cultural history of the world than mere
speculation which has been unconscious cause of split in Islam. 88
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If today you focus your vision on Islam and seek inspiration from the ever-vitalising
idea embodied in it, you will be only reassembling your scattered forces, regaining
your lost integrity, and thereby saving your self from total destruction. 94
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The question which confronts him to-day, and which is likely to confront other
Muslim countries in the near future is whether the Law of Islam is capable of
evolution--a question wich will require great intellectual effort, and is sure to be
answered in the affirmative, provided the world of Islam approaches it in the spirit
of Umar--the first critical and independent mind in Islam who, at the last moments
of the Prophet, had the moral courage to utter these remarkable words: 'The Book of
God is sufficient for us. 2
...since things have changed and the world of Islam is confronted and affected
to-day by new forces set free by the extraordinary development of human thought in
all its sections, I see no reason why this attitude should be maintained any longer.
Did the founders of our schools ever claim finality for their reasonings and
interpretations? Never. The claim of the present generation of Muslim liberals to
reinterpret the foundational legal principles, in the light of their own exprerience
and the altered conditions of modern life is, in my opinion, perfectly justified. The
teaching of the Qur'an that life is a process of progressive creation necessitates that
each generation, guided but unhampered by the work of its predecessors, should be
permitted to solve its own problems. 3
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For the present, every Muslim nation must sink into her own deeper self,
temporarily focus her vision on herself alone, until all are strong and powerful to
form a living family of republics. A true and living unity, according to the
nationalist thinkers, is not so easy as to be achieved by a merely symbolical
overlordship. It is truely manifested in a multiplicity of free independent units
whose racial rivalries are adjusted and harmonized by the unifying bond of a
common spiritual aspiration. It seems to me that God is slowly bringing home to us
the truth that Islam is neither Nationalism nor Imperialism but a League of Nations
which recognizes artificial boundaries and racial distinctions for facility of
reference only, and not for restricting the social horizon of its members. 4
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Stracke, Christian, (1997), The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World
Order, Journal of International Affairs , Columbia Universtiy School of International
Public Affairs, Vol. 51(11), pp. 302-303.
Huntington, Samuel P., The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order ,
Rochefeller Center, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, NY 10020, New York:
Touchstone, 1996: p.76 -78.
Crandall R., Mexico's Domestic Economy, (Mexico's Democracy at Work: Political
and Economic Dynamics, Crandall, Paz and Roett ed.), United States, USA, Boulder:
Lynne Reiner Publishers., 2004, p.113.
Hooper, Alan, and Potter, John, Intelligent Leadership --- Creating a Passion for
Change, London: Random House, 2000, p.139.
Rochefeller Center, p.45.
Ibid, p.121.
Rubenstein, Richard E. and Crocker, Jarle, Challenging Huntington, Foreign Policy,
No. 96, autumn, 1994, pp. 113-128.
The New York Times, Samuel P. Huntington of Harvard Dies, December 2008, p.81.
Los Angeles Times, 2008, Dec 30.
1 06
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101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142-
Y 2012 &~g 53:31]1DZ
Ibid.
Huntington, Samuel P., Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity,
USA, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2004, p.55.
The Guardian, Davos man's death wish, Feb. 3, 2006.
Rochefeller Center, pp. 207-8, 245, 246-65, 266-98.
Ibid, pp. 208, 217, 272-92.
Ibid, pp. 102, 103, 116-120.
Ibid, pp. 232, 235.
Ibid, pp. 36-39, 41-42, 208.
Ibid, pp. 32, 33, 44-49, 203, 228.
Ibid, pp. 45-51, 61, 67.
Ibid, pp. 68-78, 88, 95-99.
Ibid, pp. 20, 47, 68, 72.
Ibid, pp. 76, 116, 125, 129.
Ibid, pp. 73, 92-93, 170, 177, 185.
Ibid, pp. 93-96.
Ibid, pp. 53-54, 81-101, 193-98.
Ibid, pp. 127, 131-132, 134, 192-196.
Ibid, pp. 183, 198, 219, 247, 259,262.
Ibid, pp. 102-109, 116-120, 259-61.
Ibid, pp. 251-52.
Ibid, pp. 313-316.
Ibid, pp. 50-53, 81-82, 301-8.
Ibid, pp. 318-21.
Ibid, pp. 46, 109, 134-6.
Ibid, pp. 102-109, 116-120, 259-61.
Ibid, pp. 73, 92-93, 170, 177, 185.
Ibid, pp. 242, 243.
Ibid, pp. 313-316.
Ibid, pp. 45-47.
Ibid.
Ibid, pp. 150-153, 212-14, 237.
Ibid, pp. 21, 64-66, 139.
Ibid, pp. 312-318.
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Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the La st Ma n, (Book), The Hearst
Corporation, New York, 1992, pp.288, 125.
Francis Fukuyama, The End of History? (Article), The Na tiona l Interest 16,
(Bi-monthly Journal), Washington D.C., Summer 1989, pp.4, 18.
Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations, pp.310, 66.
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Francis Fukuyama, The End of History? , (Article), p.4,18;
Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man, (Book), pp.283, 215
Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations, See Part iv, pp.20,21,109 to 124, 311, 31.
Denial Pipes, In the path of God, Basik Books, New York, 1983, pp.197, 198.
Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations, pp.258, 263.
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Urdu as a Common Vernacular
A third way of bringing about the desired regeneration of the community is the
extension of Urdu as the common vernacular of all the Mussalmans in the country.
Community of language is universally admitted to be a powerful factor in securing
the unity of a people, and Urdu, which is already spoken by considerable numbers
and which is generally understood in all parts of this continent, is pre-eminently
fitted to serve this purpose.
Moreover, Urdu has preserved all the good features of an Oriental language and has
not been contaminated by the disturbing influences which, though foreign to our
soil, have unfortunately begun to make inroads into the other vernaculars. The loyal
and respectful tone towards the Government which the Urdu press has maintained
in the hands of the Mussalmans, even during the most stirring period in recent
times, illustrates clearly what I mean. Assuredly, a language which possesses such
inherent capacity and virtues deserves the solid support of the community. It is
encouraging to remember that, day by day, the sphere of the influence of Urdu is
extending. Even in such a distant part of the Empire as Madras, people whose
mother tongue is Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam or Canarese, are increasingly adopting
Urdu for all practical purposes and are founding schools in which Urdu forms the
medium of instruction. I trust that all lovers of the country and all lovers of peace
and progress will try their best to strengthen this tendency and strenuously strive to
make Urdu the common language of all India. 14
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URDU
The League then passed the following resolution on Urdu as a Vernacular of India:
"The All-India Muslim League deplores the attempts made in certain quarters to
damage the importance of Urdu as the principal vernacular of India and regards the
preservation and advancement of the Urdu language and literature as essential for
the general progress of the country."
Sheikh Abdul Qadir, in proposing the resolution, said: "that no single factor had
contributed more largely to the formation of national sentiments and ideas than the
Urdu language." It is, he said, "the only language which is understood by the
educated classes all over India. The search after another common language looks
like the digging of a well for a drinking water when the Ganga flows by and laves
your feet. The need for Urdu has been felt on a wide scale by travellers and
merchants in every part of India. Any practical step to be taken in the direction of
supplying the need must depend upon the number of persons who feel the need. No
one would think of learning a language if he could make no use of it except once in
a pilgrimage, twice or thrice in a life-time, or to write a few letters in a year to a
merchant in a neighbouring province. Urdu is in evidence not only in Government
offices, in markets where articles of foreign manufacture are sold, but is also
depended upon for inter-provincial business transaction. Even foreing language are
daily borrowing the names of commercial stuffs from Urdu. In a way Urdu is
widening the circle of its operation and enriching foreign literature. Even in pure
and faultless Hindi, Urdu words are largely adopted because no other vernacular
can take the place of Urdu as the common language of India. Very often words used
in newspapers and books written in pure Hindi are so out of the way that they are
intelligible only to those who know Sanskrit. Urdu is the only language which is
read and spoken both by Hindus and Mussalmans. Any attempt to damage its
importance, he said in conclusion, would be suicidal to the best interests of the
progress of India.
Kazi Kabiruddin, in seconding the resolution, said that the study of Urdu should be
139
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Y 2012 &~g 53:31]1DZ
encouraged and all attempts to damage its utility should be boldly faced. It was
highly desirable, on both patriotic and sentimental grounds, to encourage Urdu, the
common medium of communication, by holding periodical conferences and
creating competent bodies to look after its progress.
The resolution was also supported by Moulvi Mahbub Alum, who remarked that
Urdu was the Lingua Franca of India, a fact which its most determined opponents
could not deny. He observed that the development of the Muslim community was
synonymous with the preservation of the Urdu language."
The resolution was put to the vote and adopted unanimously. The meeting was then
adjourned to the afternoon. 15
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Evolution of Muslim Political Thought in India : Volume One. Ed.

A. M. Zaidi, S. Chand and Co., 1975, pp. 207-208.
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Abstract
Abstract
Islamic Worldview in Iqbal's Letters
Allama Muhammad Iqbal maintained a vast correspondence. He
exchanged letters with scholars, political leaders, religious figures and lay
people in different domains of life. Collections of his letters have been
compiled in several volumes. Iqbal has touched upon a wide range of
issues in his letters. The primary thing which is found in all his letters as
an essential and continuing feature is his love for Islam. This article
brings out this aspect of Iqbal's personality and elucidates this intellectual
dimension through his letters.
Sir Sheikh Abdul Qadir's Contributions for the

Promotion of Urdu
Linguistic prejudice was an important issue in prepartition India. The
Urdu was the natural lingua franca in the pluralistic Indian society after
Persian withered away. But Hindus started a movement to introduce
Hindi in place of Urdu which continues till now. The scholars and men of
letters who were striving for development of Urdu language were not only
Muslims but also Hindus. Sir Sheikh Abdul Qadir, editor Makhzan,
played a key role in the promotion of Urdu language. This article covers
his valuable contribution to our cultural and literary history.
The Egyptian Youth - Intellectually Starved and

Abandoned
Egypt is a country saturated with prospects and problems. After an
autocratic rule of thirty years Egypt has seen the dawn of democracy. It is
impossible for the new government to solve all the problems instantly,
yet, it stands as a challenge. The most important problem is the unseen
future of the Egyptian youth, coupled with the issues of unemployment,
poverty, economic stagnation, moral degeneration and the failure of
education system. This article covers this pre-revolution period. If the
present government gets proper time it may become able to solve these
problems.
Sayyida Akhtar Hyderabadi - Iqbal's Admirer

Sayyida Akhtar Hyderabadi was a social and literary personality. She was
209
Y 2012 &~g 53:31]1DZ
Abstract
a poetess and orator and a political leader. She was famous for her
speeches in the processions of All India Muslim League. She wrote many
poems in resemblance of the poems of Dr. Iqbal. These Tazminat were
much appreciated by renowned critics and literary personalities. In this
article the figurative and literary significance of those poems is described
of course. These poems are a novel addition in our literature.
Iqbal and Mehr - A Narrative

Ghulam Rasul Mehr was a proponent of the thoughts of Allama
Muhammad Iqbal. The age of Iqbal was ending when Mehr began his
practical life. So, the relationship of Mehr with Iqbal was natural. Mehr's
relationship with Iqbal resulted in an addition to the literature of Iqbaliyat.
His works made many aspects of Iqbal's life visible to us. This article
describes many aspects of Iqbal and Mehr's relation, which is of historical
significance.
Concept of Civilization in Iqbal and Huntington

In the 19th century the European colonization paved the way for political,
social and economic dominance on the World. America continued the
same in the 20th century under the banner of liberalism, democracy and
technology. In modern times West is striving for cultural dominance with
a concept of world order or world civilization. The concept of universal
civilization was given by Islam fourteen centuries ago, but it is not the
dominance of man over man with power and wealth. Iqbal presents it in
the context of fundamental human values. This article describes the
concept of universal civilization in the context of Iqbal and Huntington.
Diversity of Iqbal's Prose Writings

Iqbal's prose writings reflect many aspects of his personality. His prose
narrates the details of his intellectual development, how he passed
through the stages of Rumi's "love" and Razi's "enquiry". Various aspects
of Iqbal's life, his characteristics features, his areas of interest and his
domains of research all can be found in his prose. His prose helps in
interpreting his poetry and his philosophical concepts. Iqbal's prose
carries immense significance in understanding various aspects of Iqbal's
life, intellectual contribution and thought. This significance is elaborated
in this article.
Unfinished Tasks of Iqbal

Many unfinished works can be found in the life of Iqbal about which he
wrote both in prose and poetry. There were many topics on which he
wanted to write more. He started or mentioned such issues in his letters
and other writings. This article talks about the detail of such unfinished
works of Iqbal which are waiting the efforts of our scholars for
completion.
210
Y 2012 &~g 53:31]1DZ
Abstract
Khur?j (Armed Conflict with the Government)

An Analysis of the Classical and Contemporary Islamic Views
Khar?j or revolt means the effort of a group of Muslim community to
destabilize and overthrow the established government of a Muslim state
provided that in the light of its religious vision, the government turns
unislamic by rejecting the Divine injunctions. History of Muslim political
thought gives vast details about it. This issue is explained in the light of
Iqbal's thought in this article. This discussion is extremely important in
the context of Pakistan and other Muslim states in a contemporary
perspective.
Sufism and the Psychology of Fear

Fear and love are two key and fundamental concepts of mysticism. These
key concepts are not limited to intellectual or spiritual domains, but have
religious, metaphysical, moral, political, social and civilizational
significance. These have a relation with the primary human psychology.
A keen observation and serious study of these concepts shows that these
concepts play an important role in the moral elevation of individuals and
communities and helps to forge a creative society through their social
efficacy. This article describes these various dimensions of fear and love.
Contemporary Civilizational Thought and Iqbal

The clash of civilizations debate was initiated in the early nineties and
later on Samuel Huntington, a political thinker and writer of the West
came out as its proponent. It is a view that all later political strategic
developments which took place around the world were under the
influence of this thesis. The post war paradigm of Huntington revolves
around the civilizational and cultural clashes of nations and an urge to see
the western culture dominant in the world. But a detailed analysis of
Huntington thought shows that he did not develop his thesis on facts and
an unbiased approach, rather it was driven by a hidden agenda. This
article gives the analysis of Huntington's thesis and Iqbal's approach to
civilizational conflict in contemporary.
''
211

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