The principal tribes inhabiting this Territory, which is about two hundred north and south, by four hundred cast and west, are the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws and Seminoles. There are several branch tribes of Senecas, Quapaws, Delawares, &e., toa large number. These nations are as well civilized, in the mass, as the border whites. They are wealthy, owning large plantations, herds, and many slaves. The four principal tribes have written constitutions and laws, and are governed by permanent chiefs, assisted by councils elected every two years, I believe. There are several well built towns in the different nations. Tah-lah-quah, the principal town of the Cherokees and their seat of Government, is ahandsome, well-built village, containing some fine buildings used for council-houses, and educational and missionary buildings. JOHN ROSS resides here. This chief in reality possesses but litle Indian blood, his father being a Seotch trader and his mother a half breed. He is a man of more than ordinary abilit education. He has always been suspected of Northern sympathies, having several times, though a slaveholder himself, vetoed extreme Pro-Slavery measures passed in the National Council. His wife is a native of Maine, and possessing, it is reported, strong Anti-Slavery views. There have been three parties in this nation. Fizst, the small proportion of full-bloods, themselves opposed to Slavery, and much influenced by certain sagacious missionaries, who were compelled to leave last Spring. Secondly, the moderate party, ‘headed by the Chief, who were for being at peace with their neighbors of Kansas; the encouragement of intercourse by means of internal improvements, and other measures sho do not amount ,, and possessed of a fine calculated in the course of time to overthrow the dominant oligarchy. The third party was that of the rule or ruin slaveocrats. These are nearly all half-breeds and adopied citizens, made so by marriage, which act, by a law of the nation, made the white man a member, he so pleased, of the Cherokee people. The rich farms of the Indian girls, well stocked as they were, were tempting prizes to the borderers. In all probability the politics of the Cherokees are a type of those existing in the other nations. The Creeks and Choctaws are the largest slaveholders, in proportion to numbers, of all the tribes. The latter people grow large quantities of cotton. The secession element is not by any means the strongest among them, only it has been the most violent and turbulent. It has played the greatest game of bluff and brag.Thave not by mea census of the population in this region. The slave element possess, if we are to judge by the specimens I have seen, and by analogy, certain qualities which do not in general belong to their race. Living on the border, there necessarily has not existed the same severity of discipline which generally prevail in slave communities, and until the Kansas strife commenced, the slaves of the Indians lived comparatively an enviable existence, They were more on an equality with their owners. Ican tell the runaway negro from the Indians from any other. He looks and acts more manly. These negroes mostly own something — horses, cows, hogs, ete.; have patches of land to cultivate, and in various ‘ways have been enabled to ealtivate self-respect above their fellows in the States. Nearly every male adult slave among them owns some kind of a gun, and have been inured to hardy, manly pursuits, such as hunting. These things indicate that at least that portion owned by the Confederate half-breeds, and they are the larger slaveholders, can be made effective auxiliaries to the Union forces, should "the Kentucky policy" allow the Administration to pursue a bold course of action thereabouts. The Indians will flock to our standard, and it is to be expected that, energetically pushed, we shall soon regain the Federal forts abandoned by our troops last Summer, and now/in the possession of the Confederates. Those are either stockade forts or more eantonmonts which may be readily taken with artillery. Fort Smith, on the Arkansas line, is the principal one, and the only point of commanding value. The value of the Arkansas will be to a great extent controlled by the force occupying it. The other places when taken can be occupied and defended by the Indians and other auxiliaries that may be enrolled by us.