Fun With Phase

Diagrams

Bellwork
Grab

a bellpaper and answer

the following question:
What happens to a solid when
thermal energy (heat) is added
to it?

Answer to Bell Question

The

solid begins to melt.

This is known as a phase
change.

Phase Changes
Phase

changes: transformation
of a material from one phase to
the next.
Examples include a solid to a
liquid, a liquid to a gas, a gas
to liquid, ect.

How do phase changes

occur?
Either

by absorbing or releasing heat

Exothermic reaction: a reaction that
releases heat energy
Endothermic reaction: a reaction that
requires heat energy in order to
proceed

Exo vs. Endo

For

the sake of our class

-Endothermic reactions are your reactants.

Since energy is required energy is used and
the system becomes cooler as a result.
-Exothermic reactions are your products.
Since energy is released on the products side
of the equation, the system becomes warmer.

Melting
The

transition from solid to the liquid stage

Melting

point: solid particles gain enough

kinetic energy to overcome attractive
forces

Heat of Fusion
Heat

of fusion: amount of energy

required to change a substance
from the solid form to the liquid
form at its melting point.

Boiling
Transition
Boiling

from liquid to the gas phase

point: the temperature at which the

pressure of the vapor is equal to the
external pressure acting on the surface of
the liquid.

Heat of Vaporization
Heat

of vaporization: Amount
of energy required for liquid at
boiling point to become gas.

Condensation
Transition

from a gas to the liquid

phase.
An example includes dew in the grass
on an early summer morning.

Freezing
Transition

from the liquid phase to

the solid phase.
An example includes the freezing
of water into ice cubes.

Sublimation
Transition

from the solid phase

directly to the gas phase.
An example is the steaming of
dry ice.

Deposition
The

transition from a gas directly

to a solid.
An example includes snow
formation in clouds.

Heating and Cooling Curves

A graphical
Usually

way to represent phase changes

written as Temperature (C) vs. heat (kJ)

also be written as Temperature (C) vs.

time (s or min.)

Can

Flat

lines on the graph represent phase

changes (increase in energy only)
Sloped lines represent increases in
temperature and energy