PRE-SCIENTIFIC

MOVEMENT
Brenda
Florence
Gloria
Suriati

called pre-scientific approach because

there is no requirement for the test
designer to possess an expertise, skills
(language testing specialty such as
statistics, reliability, validity studies, etc.)
the theoretical bases, and knowledge when
constructing the test.
Assumes that one can and must rely on
the subjective judgment. E.g: Language
testing through conversation, reading

Described as intuitive, subjective,

unspecific test. (Madsen, 1983, McNamara,
2000, McNamara & Roever (unknown) and
Weir, 2005).

No specific skill or expertise in testing is

required.
Lack of concern for statistical
considerations or for such notions as
objectivity and reliability.

the test lacks concern with making

fair, consistent and correct decisions
difficult to be scored objectively
Translation tests developed
exclusively by classroom teachers.
Prone towards biasness of culture
and literature.

Due to its lacking in objectivity and

reliability, new approach is introduced which
is called Psychometric Structuralist
Movement.
However, this movement has no end in
language teaching and testing because its use
is depending on the needs which specific
academic contexts demand.
language testing in this era is regarded as
an art rather than as a science.

REFERENCE
http://www.hrmars.com/admin/pics/1299.pdf
http://www.onestopenglish.com/support/method
ology/teaching-approaches/teaching-approachesthe-grammar-translation-method/146493.article
www.languagetesting
.info/articles/store/FulcherCLT.pdf
http://www.slideshare.net/IdaMantra/communic
ative-language-testing-27139940