GUIDANCE FOR USE OF HYDROMETERS FOR DRAFT SURVEY PURPOSES By D.C. Marshall, E. Stokoe, Capt. J. L. Strange? and J. E, Turner? able headed “Reduction of observed Specific Gr (59°F) given on page 571 of the almanac is useful for specific er i the actual disp ‘Of ship for draft survey purposes, Errors of 3% or even higher may occurin sip displacement c used Uo "vorreet™ hydrometer readings at the actual water temperature of 15°C. The question of temperature cortections has been drcuseed in various hhas been found that ome draft surveyors sill include such "corrections" in cargo measurement by juidance for ase™ notes issued by G. H, Zeal se of hydrometers for draft survey purposes. These notes are reproduced METAL HYDROMETERS ‘Keep meticulously clean at all times and particularly avoid grease from fingers on graduated portion of stem. Rinse after use and dry careful Handle with great care to avoid abrasion on protective plating and dents or fractures bulb the same temperature for which the he case, suitable ons of paragraph 4 ‘The expantion or contraction ofthe hydrometer according to the water temperat tobe compeasated by the expansion orcontrasion of he ship The hydron is that inthe water in wh the reading which would be obtained at some standard temperatre suc °C: he above purpose, therefore, the water temperature need not normal Tt density in air readings are required a Standard liquid temperature which must be taken tato account if correct results aze to be obtained. The additional paragraphs have been included because in the special case of cargo Department of Trade and Ind esh water equals I Tone ( 25 Tonnes. These oF The hydrometer re in which the Proper allowance can be made for the difference between this igure and xuie mete oF ‘used to compile the fesh water o salt water displaceme Actual hydrometer reading to 15°C or 60" possible magnitude ofthe error Example: rent port, the ships drafts also metres, the hydrometer reading is also LOUGO but the sea water temp We then have:— Case 1—Water temperature 15°C, Conected Draft Corresponding Displacement Hydrometer reading tees Salt water Metric Tons g)live a se T0160 ‘Then displacement: 102,500 X [0160 = 101,600 Metic Tons raas Case 2—Water temperature 28°C, Corrected Draft ig Displacement Hydrometer reading water Metric Tons elite 103,500 ‘Then according tothe table “Reduct avis a 15°C" an observed specific 5°C, a diference of 0:0029."A Similar igu ing the density of sea water at fence, if the above correction ih appted, the displacement of the ship ed as being 102,500 x 10189 = 101,890 Metric Tons. Ts In case 1 above, both the ship and the hydrometer are floating in water at 15°C so that ‘obviously no correction for temperature need be applied Tn case 2 above, both the ship and the hydrometer are floating in water at 28° speaking asmall cor early 00%. The magi depends on the water t hydrometer reading, at 28°C it may vary from about 0.25% tread 1032, Ata cast 2 above, ifthe water temperature displaced by the ship will not change. The 1 indicate a higher reading and the ship a smaller displacement but the product of the two new indi the sa ‘may be concluded that for draft survey purposes the wat need net normally be taken into account apt to correct hydro some reference temperature such as 15°C or 60°F may lead to errors a8 high 0-350 "G. it Zeal Lad, London’, Consultant to SGS-Van Bree N.V_, Antwerp, Cit of London Polytechnic, London”,