t

+
I

-+

<_,J
p,?>_;' 0 __ '') IJ'pCO

~lfIl

t;_7:l-; TY)?'i\jJ

-?:5N,

\11.') I{.S~'-l M

/ /-1

I->~"'A

it'"

ic

f?~

/101

~''1)

I!fu,ul

'MI1~'j)

Vi

11\'- af-trr

t1 1OJ''tf::;,

-q'lt

r -,?~~(I
I

~'BJJ;-~lPi~31 "db

rlbJrI(

t-r f.b

N:'IIQ..~
I

cr

,01"40Q.-

'D!3.Cf'Yt)')C[j'k..

:.I''/7I'1D11D?J

0...1.

P'<l.J/I):) ,

-~LE(Jt/;.,

J2.

Ie()rpp )t,

:!-

_ -~F(I) ';>

1"'AI

I
1-

/'I~

ICf1L

'JJ!J

f'if)0.J70';)';)

Jro

16"

P''9n''''

,=-ff<J)Prj)

J cJ

J > ..'

t;;, - ('

(/->, ::?,<)">

/-yplf)

"

p,=

'2.

'1. 'J,

7&

i"{< -

i <p?.::

(VI.

e{<x~

..(-t(

'";\1J~~ P'"6.Jltl~

~~~

; o 1j), P ')J'3CO;")
I

'I!

\)6<1

!~~)b J?"SJn(tJflo-,'f;
,

"

'.

IQo,PJ ~ ~
L

III

lJI~

Q (',

1; ~ )'y do
t

Ii,

I
I
~.F'r!;U..no \ Pr19 ~
I .
I

/,1')/:010-;'>';)

iJt.."z: _

z:

: I

~j,

(<..

--.,.
?-M

:10(0)1<.1

I'

'Illl

(l

lr5"'L)..?'l:,'(,

(",.'Jl~

yJ,.

IJ!!>I

().l18J)/:l.I')'Ocr'

P".llb,

ILl

/'I~lpJ

)I'[?y

",16

;011

P")~

J,~NJ

( "i~,,;)

,IIrl\3

1JJ~N

prla.jJ'')G00

IU

0';)

,K

01';))
I

Gp

~'Y\!:.f:I

,.Pt~I6~

J;~ ...-1-

J,; c~}

~t\

oo J 'f.

(() -1)

I'
1

'

I
if)

I,

'2-

? M~ "'x I

0)

{:L'l9 A
t

.m

~ It.\.?u
I

fJ~~UlrFlvf) J l' I

I
I

CrJz

-r i-e:

ltGl'tf:-~ ~t()(i)CQICt7

0;')

P'ID\~ f)flftl

fo/llD
l

<,~b.t.c.o~
I

('

1-"'4d~JL'

1,o'1l)--J;-,
'

I
0

Iii

!Y<->''''''I3Co';)
CY

I""

I
1'lI~J'i~

.,

/i1.1/t-ri
I

l'li

pl

;'lll{'>';'J _
---t,--..J_~,,='

I /7-;-.

()
I ; 'UIt)kI

./'1'h.J,)~1..')\11t

'1

I ~I

,
T
1

J 1\ M

::: ~

(P'JINJ,
I

l:vllo):)
l

(>I.by

"
JIll
I

'lLJ"df)f-'

11')]\0),

j t

f~l

?~J'9)\03U

I/,).h.n~

lP\r'))I~O

pr,).YJ

1e;;) In

I
-1 I
I

I
t

It,

Cf~Cf;) - ~~

I
I

'm-t>'l) 0

()1~/)~__~ 3,f~

(/;?~'Q)L Gr; ~I!:>~-I :03,J

1
.. - " -

T
T

i
t

-;-fl...
I

1
t
+

--+-1

,I~I
I

Ir

I
I

I
I

.1.

--r

'I

; (E

'?

(vAS,

""I~

.--"','3V,()1

(0

'If;:>

?Qflil

'.i))tl e

"IjI'U

I.

-+-

-r+

; l[

-L

I
1

.p,!i,r,)

i I I
t -.,

k'~lr ~JIICf)

1J't[:>!'

I'()~D
1

('In

rw

m'Vd

""Il

IV

rVdv. \\:,

:';;)'rb;1

"Ir
I

1~r:>11 J~

,...,.!n'\1KI

f\)

J;'tJofIJ-J

i'Lr/

f<

'0 fiJ 'o

')'!1''il

'JoJ";J

1t.1.001 ..P'~ l';)k

G-'~O

, rc
"L

/'

I
','],'!')\(;)

G'

/"l J.l

':'~.0N

')OJ~; (~

~~

~~~i

I{Qr.1rf)~

;1

-z:

S((J3Qlf~<o/IGJ'V~

P"OA)~';;)

p{f'~I1> J!1qt

I'P;").

~ V ft,L,~",p}1

(;

b5

I
<'Qf

'?-.:

)'0,

I ,,1>

'I

'~1J

'.~'Q?

f)

It>

C?~O

lJ2/1..-;: ~

tA

I
I

I
I

4~ ~

l.

'

Ii>

I "'C/lVl'k

(WPiS JZ5&\1i:''''$!'4'&jilf6::

0)

H ~~)' I ,,"''''rs , I

"'';)1 l

'J "- +0(

,;)I)?il ~0

~'O).H

'U'A"

Pb,

~~!,~ I

1 'p)1./

iJ'LA

PI.!.

~D . 4

C:' L-h,\N

R2
0

pl')/C,0C)\\....

Jlt

I
I

c~

:Q~11~

<kIP~~~:
I

V ~ "'fL'L

.p'L3"~?>

~L~~:

",)lP~"

...."C')Cil

r;yq~.IJ

I)~INI

t3 -= ifoA
IF ",1- A
"a
'
'A
q- 'I'
./-lr

/')':),1

~k....1

'O\F ')

'(-;yfIc..I\';);J

7r'

"'If)

.
I

~0

Qk

/"Ihil;,

~Y')I
I

I
I
I~~

II

.<,>':!?A

r>lll\eA

C')~r~

L r;ln'lN'i:I

-L.i

lJ

lr'J IP

Ch

~v~

----

'"

, 'C.'~'l;)

/ll~~J

~I

~~o\ ,~

" vtl -;)tJ

P'~'q\.l\

____
h~

~Clt.N~t

~'<...

'v~OJ

.j.

",,1119 r,)'i){b

-f~)

i
I

I
f

I
(

fh('~

t-

t-

';) ';)'0';) )

II

It 1,6

"IJG'1>J\-..
.

(~.~?-+-9L~-+
0"?i

(j l}l C .'

.c!'l"

r~ ITt +I "~.3r
LI!
,:_ 1
I

I
fDJ)

b . ';)
'Y),.[7>

I
1

; ~IO'j"k.1

0/~'~teJ

.;I

"0r.lfll

i
I

t--+

I I

Cs-~I\

'

,
,sQ., >?f:.

(H"~,J

(l

I I

1
I

U1,S'e.) :;J ~ s

<;~l.=-Li 5~

,,

I
i

: po

I,

[}o,),Xl :::(1iS~

)I..

"11<;)
,

P~l?

11'1-:)

'
-I

'

I /?Joi.r, II
2J..-d ') f"I ,

f'fo,J

i ~\

'

I
1

Fk'~'-Ii'
I

I~ ;h)

,
\'VP ,~

,ft

MOJ 50(\, -,

'r.lJCl

'%)'

I
0 \

I
I

kS ~1'r.rt)~~ /\

I,

"P p-

("I) hT'\o

P-f?p

e.

'f)Cj,r\l

Il)-rj)

'0(2.6)0

I/c..,~ -4
-->

~1- \

S;SI t . ,Q

'i"'j'ffl

4:'

((

1-

1-

16_ .s

. i61 '~u~ /'~

"

'j'/>ti I

r~1

I, It'?

l01jSk

f'

'30;')

,1'-1';\

~\9.Jl

kf,

J- ~:)

po..,I

. roo}

P' ~LVI'

,?!>

;)Rr

's,n

I
I

...

b:

I
I

It

';rl'

lit

I 1\ "t1-\"2..1,;:>

I,

'

l~r'.

<~

'

J !f(Cl
I ~

CI
,4

0"60;)

s':
(A; e )

'-m

S:-

li

'el

pylic

I'

AI

1-

Il,

'qL,)

{f'o-I

I' {~

I,

I I

,
~ll

I
I

{" /t9,IN

S':!,

6 -A
I

)1) I' I SL :: t I( 0 oP j
0

):ep

: t1~

(X--+1J0_ ')
!4

(6'

<p'I'l;:>~, ()il/iJ

s'-:: :z 1; (~
I

)0?,",

R?'1t-J

I~+ =1 (~I)
I
I
I
X---~ (~l i
b!<-

_I,>
'l...,

-,/

(';>1--1;-(0
1- C

i
I

,
I

,
P'1~ h[l

1.

f)\ec;.h,

jJ

I
I)-Ij

iJ

'\.

a; r Cl:J::>

I'L'Jl~,r,,,,,, '

Physics 21S - Elementary

Modem Physics

Hydrogen- Like Wave Functions

Angular Momentum

Quantum Numbers

L2 = n2(/2 +/)

(n,l, m, ms)

=nm s

a.}Q'-;J

s-:

n2

radius:

ao

a=--=-
V kZe2p,

(r)

0.OS29 nm

......--f'of

~',o ~\Llt....t~L ":J"

2n n2

n,2

/'r~o;:;)
I?

(13.6 eV)Z2

j.t

Characteristic

~r/'N

eZ e

E=
n

n = 1,2,3, ...
1 = 0,1,2,3, ... , n-l
m =-1,-1 + 1,... ,0, ... ,1
ms =+l- 2

Lz =nm
S2 = l.n2
Sz

Energy
2 4

an'

rv

r-----------------------,
Wave function (ignoring spin):

(r, e,cj

'!j;n,l,m

,1-;)

= 1\,,1 (r )J;,m

(e,cj
Radial Wave Functions

=_2_e-r/a
j;1

R
Spherical Harmonics

1,0

=_1_

.J4;

0,0

R
2,0

- [3 . 0
= +\jS; sm e

y.
I,l

i~

1';0 = ~ 3 cosO
,

R =

41r

3,0

= ~ 321r
IS sin ' Oe2i~

2,2

~l

Jgs

2,1

v
133

3-J3a3

= 4.J2r
'27-J3a5

n;

v
132

161r

-+ --sm

641r

= ~05.
--sm

321r

1';0
,

4j;1

4,0 -

30 e 3i
R

20 cos 0 e 2i

0-I)ei

= ~ 161r
7 (Scos 0-3cosO)
3

Je- 3a
r

(1-~)

e -r/3a

6a

2.J2r e-r/3a
81-JlSa7
4a

8a2

192a3

.J5r (1-~+~Je-r/4a

=
4,1

R
2

2r + 2r
3a 27 a2

...:._1_(I-~+~-~Je-r/4a

1';,1 ==t~ 6~~ sinO(Scos

2v6a-

R3 I

= ~ 5 (3 cos' 0 -1)

--HfS .

r e-r/2a
r:-s

2 (1,2

+~

==t -sinOcosOe-'
81r

=_I_(I_~)e-r/2a
C3
2
v2aa

16-J3a5
4,2 -

r2
320N

R 4 3 --

4a

80a2

r
-12a

-r/4a
e

r
-r/4a
r:::::-99 e
768v3Sa

Fundamental Equations
Schrodinger equation:
. aqJ
lh- = HqJ

ar

Time-independent

Schrodinger equation:

H1/! = E1/!.
Hamiltonian operator:

Momentum operator:

p = -ihV
Time dependence of an expectation value:
d(Q}
dt

= !.- ([H,

Q])

+ (OQ)

at

Ii

Generalized uncertainty principle:

Heisenberg uncertainty principle:

Canonical commutator:
[x, p]

= ili

Angular momentum:

Pauli matrices:
(Jx=

(01 01) '

(Jy

0
= (i

-i)
0

'

(J:;=

I
0 )
( 0 -1