Aromatic Hydrocarbons

C-C ( ):

1,39

C-C :
C=C:

1,54
1,34

(
)

()

Butylated hydroxytoluene
()

()

 Hckel
Hckel: , 4n+2 ,
n= 0, 1, 2, 3,

,
.
Hckel.

H2SO4, H2O HNO3

,
.

indigo,
blue jeans.

4
1

1--4-

4--

1,2--

1,3--

1,4--

--

m--

p--

2--1,4-

2,5-

FeBr3 FeCl3

FeBr4-Br+

FeCl4Cl+

HNO3 + H2SO4

NO2 + HSO4- + H2O

Friedel-Crafts

AlCl3 + R-Cl

AlCl4- R+

Friedel-Crafts

, ,
, .

,
.

,
.