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DARKROOM TIMER

he timer circuit described here provides a pleasant musical tone in

your darkroom at 1-second intervals. The circuit takes up very little space
and can be easily converted into a metronome.
Unijunction transistor (UJT) T1 functioning as a relaxation oscillator triggers
the phase-shift audio oscillator circuit

174

built around transistor T2, turning it on

and off. As capacitor C1 is charged
through preset VR1 and resistor R1, the
emitter voltage of UJT rises toward the
supply voltage.
When the emitter voltage becomes sufficiently positive, the emitter becomes forward biased and discharges capacitor C1
through the emitter-base 1 (B1) junction
and resistor R2.
The voltage drop
across R2 forward
biases transistor
T2 and turns it on.
As capacitor C1
becomes
discharged, the current through resistor R2 drops
and transistor T2
is cut off.
A tone signal
is generated by
transistor T2 and
R-C
coupled
phase-shift oscillator. Part of the signal taken from the
collector of tran-

sistor T2 is coupled to a small speaker

through a transistor-radio type output
transformer.
The 22-kilo-ohm value of resistor R3
represents a compromise between tone
duration and intensity. You can use resistors having a value anywhere between
10 kilo-ohms and 25 kilo-ohms for different durations and intensities of the output signals.
Since the unijunction transistor is
functioning as the oscillator trigger,
changing the values of one or more components in the UJT circuit will change
the rate of the tone burst. The tone frequency can be varied by changing the
value of any or more of capacitors C2
through C4 and resistors R5 and R6 in
the phase-shift network.
The primary winding of transformer
X1 can be tuned for a slight increase in
the output, using capacitor values between
0.05 and 0.25 F for C5 by trial-and-error
method. Tone pulses should begin about
ten seconds after the unit is turned on.
After a minute or so, adjust preset VR1
for 1-second beats by comparing the timing of the beats with the seconds needle
on your wristwatch.

ELECTRONICS PROJECTS Vol. 22

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Get this
project done!
Get the Document + PPT + KIT
Are you interested in doing this project either as
your college (mini / major) project or as your
hobby? We can help you out. We can provide you
with all the documents including documentation,
PPT, etc that you need as a student to present
this project at your college.
Also, if you are in need of the hardware kit for
this project, we can provide it to you at a cheaper
cost and in little time.
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Phone: +919441921293 (Local to Hyderabad, India)

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