4'4 f,day iy wf,day jd;h" c,h" w, yd Niaau iu

olajk wka; ls%hd

Tn kgu;a uQ,jHj, .=K mok lr.kska tajd f,day iy wf,day f,i
j.SlrKh lrk wkaou;a" f,day wf,day j.SlrKhg mok jQ fN!;sl
,laIK;a yodrd we;' tu f;dr;=re 4'4'1 j.=fjys idrdxY.; lr we;'
.;s .=K
f,dayl iakh
>k;ajh
wdykH;dj
;kH;dj
ikakdhl;dj
jdxlh

f,day

wf,day

olakg ,ef'
idfmalaI j by<hs'
wdykHhs'
;kHhs'
fyd| oHq;a yd ;dm
ikakdhl f'
idfmalaI j by<hs'

olakg fkd ,ef'

idfmalaI j my<hs'
wdykH fkd f'
;kH fkd f'
j, oHq;a yd ;dm ikakdhl
f'
idfmalaI j my<hs'

4'4'1 j.=j - f,day iy wf,day w;r fjkial

Tn okakjd o@
by; ,laIK mok lrf.k uQ,jH f,day yd wf,day f,i j.SlrKh
lsf tu fmd ,laIKj,ska fjkia jk uQ,jH o we;'
ldur WIAK;ajfha j f,i mj;sk f,day o we;'
ksoiqk - rih (Hg)
wf,dayhla jk ldnkaj,ska ks; ksrka ,sh ikakhkh lrhs'
wf,dayhla jk ldnkaj,ska ks; huka;j
s ,g" b;d by< >k;ajhla we;'
ka wms uQ,jH lsysmhl ridhksl .=K mok lrf.k tA wkqj f,day yd
wf,day w;r fjkial uid n,uq'

ue.akSish - Mg

4'4'1 rEmh

ue.aki
S h
s f,dayh jka ma;u
s ;a iqolska hql;
a h'
jd;fha we;s Tlaic
s ka yd c,h iu ue.aki
S h
s
m%;sls%hd lsu je<elau msi f,dayh u; wdrlaIs;
wdf,amkhla ;sh yels h' mlaIK i|yd ue.akS
ish m ^4'4'1 rEmh& fhdod.ekSug m%:u" je,s
lvodishlska msueo msis lr.; hq;= h' ^jd;fha
we;s Tlaiscka iu f,dayh m%;sls%hd lr iEfok
Tlaihsv mg,h fyda f,dayh u; fhdod we;s wdrlaI;
s
wdf,amkh fyda bj;a lsu i|yd&'
15
fkdf,a fnodyeu i|yd h'

ue.akSish yd jd;h w;r m%;sls%hdj

msis lr.;a ue.aki
S h
s m lene,a,la jd;hg ksrdjrKh lr k lsym
s hla
;nd kslaIKh lrkak' tys iakh wvq we;s nj Tng l.; yels f' fuhg
fya;=j ue.akSish jd;fha we;s Tlaiscka iu m%;sl%shd lr f,dayh u;=msg
ue.akSish Tlaihs mg,hla iEuhs' fuu ls%hdj u,sk u f,i ykajhs'

ue.akSish jd;fha oykh lsu

fikag ;=kla muK . msis lr.;a ue.akSish m
lene,a,la ,a,lg w,a,d ;ka r;a lrkak ^4'4'2 rEmh&'
ue.akSish b;d ma;su;a iq meye;s ,a,la iys; j jd;fha
oykh iq udrhla ysjka" iq l=vla idok nj Tng
fmfkkq we;' fuys is jkafka ue.akSish jd;fha we;s
Tlaiscka iu m%;sls%hd lsuhs' tu ridhksl m%;sls%hdj my;
lafjk m ilrKhlska ksrEmKh l< yels h'
ue.akSish + Tlaiscka

4'4'2 rEmh

ue.akSish Tlaihs

ls%hdldrlu 4'4'1
ue.akSish jd;fha oykh lsfuka ,efnk iq l=vg c, x lsysmhla
tl;= lr ,suia lvisj,ska mlaId lr n,kak'
fuys r;= ,suia ks,a mdg jk w;r ks,a ,suiaj, jKfha fjkila is
fkdjk nj fmfka'
tA wkqj ue.akSish Tlaihs c,fha h fuka iEKq M,h Ndial nj
ks.ukh l< yels h'

ue.akSish yd c,h w;r m%;sls%hdj

msis lr.;a ue.akSish m lene,a,la we,a c,h iys; mlaId k<hlg
oukak'
l=ula kslaIKh l< yels o @ kslaIKhla ,o fkdyels ;r h'
msis lr.;a ue.aki
S h
s m lene,a,la WKq c,h iys; mlaId k<hlg oukak'
l=ula kslaIKh l< yels o@ wjK jdhq nqn
q fika msgjk wdldrh fmfka'
fuys is jkafka ue.akSish WKq c,h iu ridhksl j m%;sls%hd lsuhs'
tu m%;sls%hdj my; lafjk ilrKfhka ksrEmKh l< yels h'
ue.akSish + WKq c,h

ue.akSish yhsfv%dlaihs + yhsv%cka jdhqj

16

fkdf,a fnodyeu i|yd h'

ue.akSish yd w, w;r m%;sls%hdj

ms is lr.;a ue.a k S i s h m lene,a , la ;kq l
yhsfv%dlaf,dala w,h iys; lelEre k<hlg$lrhlg
uQ g wjK jdhq nqnq msg lrka YS>%fhka m%;sls%hd lrhs
^4'4'3 rEmh&' tys f,day lene,a, fkd fmkS hhs'
^fuu mlaIdj .=re Nj;l=f.a o iydh we;s j is l<
hq;= f'& tu ridhksl m%;l
s h
%s dj my; lafjk ilrKfhka
ksrEmKh l< yels h'
ue.akSish + ;kQl yhsfv%dlaf,dala
w,h

4'4'3 rEmh

ue.akSish + yhsv%cka
laf,darhs
jdhqj

by; m%;sls%hdf msg jQ jdhqj mlaId lsug k<fha lg wi,g ,afjk

mq,s=jla f.k wd g tu jdhqj zzfmdma yka f' fuu m%;sls%hdj yhsv%cka
jdhqj ykd.ekSug fhdod.; yels mlaIdjls'

ue.akSish yd Niau w;r m%;sls%hdj

msis lr.;a ue.akSish m lene,a,la ;kql fidah yhsfv%dlaihs
djKhla iys; mlaIK k<hlg oukak' l=ula kslaIKh l< yels o@
kslaIKh l< yels fjkila is fkd f' taki
s d ue.aki
S h
s " ;kql fidah
yhsfv%dlaihs iu m%;sls%hdjla fkdolajk nj fmfka'

whka - Fe ^hlv&
tosfkod lghq;=j, Tn hlv weK" hlv ;yvq" hlv l l we;'
oHd.drfha hlv" l=vq yd hlv fl ^iron wool& iajrEmfhka o l.; yels f'
msis whka jka iq iakhla iys; f' whka oYSh f,dayhla jk w;r tys
we;s iqfYaI;ajh jkafka pqnl njg m;a l< yels uhs'

whka yd jd;h w;r m%;sls%hdj

msis hlv lene,a,la jd;hg ksrdjrKh lr ;enQ g jd;fha we;s Tlaic
s ka
yd c, jdIam iu m%;sls%hd lr ic, whka Tlaihsvh idok neka u;=msg iakh
ke;s hhs' fuu Tlaihsvh mg,uh fkdjk ksid f,dayhg wdrlaIdjla
iemfhkafka ke;'

whka oykh
hlv l=vq fyda fl fyda ,a,lg fhduq l< g ma;u
s ;a ly
meyefhka oykh whka Tlaihs idohs ^4'4'4 rEmh&' tu ridhksl
m%;l
s h
%s dj my; lafjk ilrKfhka ksrEmKh l< yels h'
whka + Tlaiscka

whka Tlaihs

4'4'4 rEmh

17
fkdf,a fnodyeu i|yd h'

whka yd c,h w;r m%;sls%hdj

u;=msg msis lr.;a hlv weKhla we,a c,h iys; lelEre k<hlg
oukak' l=ula kslaIKh l< yels o@
fjkila kslaIKh l< fkdyels ;r h'
u;=msg msis lr.;a hlv weKhla WKq c,hg uQ g o kslaIKhla ,o
fkd yels ;r h' tfy;a ishq l=vq fyda fl|s jYfhka we;sg hlv fyda yqud,h
iu m%;l
s h
%s d lrhs' fuys whka Tlaihs iy yhsvc
% ka jdhqj idohs' tu ridhksl
m%;sls%hdj my; lafjk ilrKfhka ksrEmKh l< yels h'
whka + yqud,h

whka Tlaihs + yhsv%cka jdhqj

whka yd w, w;r m%;sls%hdj

msis hlv l=vq iaj,amhla lelEre k<hl we;s ;kql yhsfv%dlaf,dala
w,hg oukak' l=ula kslaIKh l< yels o@
hlv l=vq f.fhka ;kql yhsfv%dlaf,dala w,h iu m%;sls%hd lrhs'
fuys whka laf,darhs iEfok w;r yhsv%cka jdhqj msg f' tu ridhksl
m%;sls%hdj my; lafjk ilrKfhka ksrEmKh l< yels h'
whka + ;kql yhsfv%dlaf,dala
w,h

whka
+
laf,darhs

yhsv%cka
jdhqj

whka yd Niau w;r m%;sls%hdj

lelEre k<hl we;s ;kql fidah yhsfv%dlaihs djKhlg msis
hlv l=vq iaj,amhla oukak' l=ula kslaIKh l< yels o @
kslaIKh l< yels fjkila is fkd f' tksid whka ^hlv& ;kql
fidah yhsfv%dlaihs iu m%;sls%hd fkdlrk nj ks.ukh l< yels h'

Tn okakjd o@
weksh ^Al&" iskala ^Zn&" ka ^Sn&" jeks f,day ;kql w, iu
fuka u Niau iu o m%;sls%hd lrka yhsv%cka jdhqj msg lrhs'

ldnka - C
ldnka O iajrEmj,ska iajdNdl mirfha yuq f'
w=re" ,s" fldal"a ksrka" huka;s wdh ksoiqka jYfhka
lah yels h'
4'4'5 rEmh
fuu iajdNdl iajrEm w;ka Yd, ldnka ,silska
iEKq iaMl f,i ksrka yd huka;s mj;S' ksrka ,sh
ikakhkh lrk tl u wf,dayh jk w;r" huka;s oDV;djh wl u jHh f'
18
fkdf,a fnodyeu i|yd h'

ldnkaa yd jd;h w;r m%;sls%hdj

idudkH jd;hg ksrdjrKh lr ;enQ g ldnkaj, lsis fjkila is fkd f'

ldnka oykh
w=re l=vq .sks ,a,lg uQ g .sks mqmqre ysjka fjk nj fmfka' fuys
wjK ldnkavfhdlaihs jdhqj iEfoa' tu m%;sls%hdj my; ilrKfhka
ksrEmKh f'
ldnka

+ Tlaiscka

ldnkavfhdlaihs

ldnkavfhdlaihs .kaOhla fkdue;s" wjK jdhqjls' fuu jdhqj wjK

yq k q hr ;= < s k a nq n q < kh l< g yq k q hr ls mdg f' ;jrg;a
ldnkavfhdlaihs nqnq<kh l< g yqkq hr kej;;a wjK f' fuh
ldnkavfhdlaihs jdhqj ykd.ekSu i|yd is lrk mlaIdjls'

ldnka yd c,h w;r m%;sls%hdj

we,a c,h iys; mlaId k<hlg ldnka lene,a,la fyda ldnka l=vq fyda
oukak' kslaIKh l< yels fjkila is fkd f'
by; wdldrhg WKq c,h yd ldnka w;r o kslaIKh l< yels m%;sls%hdjla
ke;'

Tn okakjd o@
rla;;ma; ldnka u;ska yqud,h hejQ g ldnkafudfkdlaihs iy
yhsv%cka iEfoa' fuu jdhq Y%Kh c,jdhqj f,i ykajk w;r bkaOkhla
f,i fhdod.efka'

ldnka yd w, w;r m%;sls%hdj

ldnka l=vq iaj,amhla iys; mlaId k<hlg ;kql yhsfv%dlaf,dala w,h
tl;= l< g kslaIKh l< yels m%;sls%hdjla is fkd f'

ldnka yd Niau w;r m%;sls%hdj

ldnka l=vq iaj,amhla iys; mlaId k<hlg ;kql fidah yhsfv%dlaihs
djKh tl;= l< g kslaIKh l< yels m%;sls%hdjla is fkd f'
19
fkdf,a fnodyeu i|yd h'

i,a* - S ^f.kao.&
ly meye;s >khla f,i mj;s k i,a * oYS h
wf,dayhls ^4'4'6 rEmh&' iajdNdl j uQ,jH f,i yuq
f'
4'4'6 rEmh

i,a* yd jd;h w;r m%;sls%hdj

i,a* lene,a,la jd;hg ksrdjrKh lr ;enQg kslaIKh l< yels
fjkila is fkd f'

i,a* oykh
l=vd i,a* lene,a,la .sks ,a,lg we,a g ks,a meye;s ,a,la iys; j
yqiau ysrlrjkiq .kaOhla we;s wjK jdhqjla msg lrhs' fuu jdhqj i,a*
vfhdlaihs f' tu m%;sls%hdj my; ilrKfhka ksrEmKh l< yels h'
i,a*
+ Tlaiscka
i,a* vfhdlaihs
i,a* oykfhka msgjk jdhquh Tlaihsv uska jd;h IKh f'

Tn okakjd o@

i,a* vfhdlaihs I jdhqjla jk w;r jd;hg jvd >k;ajfhka je

f' i,a* vfhdlaihs c,fha h i,a*shqria w,h idohs'
w, jeis we;sug m%Odk fya;l
= drlh jkafka o i,a*j, Tlaihsvhka h'

i,a* yd c,h w;r m%;sls%hdj

we,a c,h iys; mlaId k<hlg i,a* lene,a,la oukak' kslaIKh l<
yels m%;sls%hdjla is fkd f' WKq c,h iys; mlaId k<hlg i,a* lene,a,la
oukak' kslaIKh l< yels m%;sls%hdjla is fkd f'

i,a* yd w, w;r m%;sls%hdj

;kql yhsfv%dlaf,dala w,h iys; mlaId k<hlg i,a* lene,a,la uQ
g o kslaIKh l< yels m%;sls%hdjla is fkd f'

i,a* yd Niau w;r m%;l

s h
%s dj
;kql fidah yhsfv%dlaihs djKhla iys; mlaId k<hlg i,a*
lene,a,la uQ g o kslaIKh l< yels m%;sls%hdjla is fkd f'

20
fkdf,a fnodyeu i|yd h'