ASSIGNMENT

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Bioenergetic
1.

2.

Explain how a metabolic pathway can

contain an energetically unfavorable
reaction yet still be occur!
What general factors contribute to the
high phosphoryl-group transfer of ATP

3. The synthesis of the activated form of acetate (acetylCoA) is carried out in an ATP-dependent process:

a.

b.

The G for the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA to acetate

and CoA is 32.2 kJ/mol and that for hydrolysis of ATP to
AMP and PPi is 30.5 kJ/mol. Calculate G for the ATP
dependent synthesis of acetyl-CoA.
Almost all cells contain the enzyme inorganic
pyrophosphatase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of PPi
to Pi. What effect does the presence of this enzyme
have on the synthesis of acetyl-CoA? Explain.

Glycolysis
1.

2.

Why do muscles need to generate ATP

under aerobic and anaerobic
conditions?
Why is it more sensible for
phosphofructokinase to be an important
control step, rather than hexokinase

3. Suppose you discovered a mutant

yeast whose glycolytic pathway was
shorter because of the presence of a
new enzyme catalyzing the reaction:

Would shortening the glycolytic

pathway in this way benefit the cell?
Explain.

Gluconeogenesis
1.

2.

What is the cost (in ATP equivalents) of

transforming glucose to pyruvate via
glycolysis and back again to glucose via
gluconeogenesis?
When gluconeogenesis will occurs in our
body?

The citric acid cycle

1.

2.

3.

4.

Why is the isomerization of citrate to

isocitrate a necessary step of the citric
acid cycle?
Explain why a GTP is energetically
equivalent to an ATP in metabolism!
What reaction serves to link glycolysis
and the citric acid cycle?
Are the acetyl carbons that enter the
citric acid cycle the exact same carbons
that leave as CO2? Briefly explain.