4.

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
Outside the system

HEALTH SYSTEMS

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

Required competencies
issued and trends
technology innovations

Philosophy and mission

trends locally and
internationally. Learner
background. Competition
control system / statutues.
Quality management
system inventory

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Philosophy and mission
trends locally and
internationally. Learner
background. Competition
control system / statutues.
Quality management
system inventory

SOCIETAL SYSTEM
Community
demographics

SITUATIONAL
ANALYSIS

TEACHING RESOURCES

Disease trends
Health issued

Effect of globalization

Other people expectations.

Other educators
involvement

Statutory bodies
Potential employers
Health authorities
Educational
authorities
Prospective student
The community

Classrooms
Library
Equipment
information
Technology
Other teaching and
Anatomy models
furniture

TEACHING STAFF

Number of teachers.
Teachers
qualification
Expertise support

CLINICAL FACILITIES

Accredited health
facilities
High quality standard
(structure management
etc)

RESOURCES

PROSPECTIVE STUDENTS

Registered number per

annum
Size of recruitment
area
Financial status
Sponsorship
Learner interest

4.2

SITUATION ANALYSIS CHECK LIST

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Name of the Nursing Institution
Location :
Areas served: Province
Approximate population size:
Approved clinical facilities
Programs offered

Current student numbers per

course

1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1
2
3

ASPECTS TO BE CHECKED
YES
1. INFRASTRUCTURAL ORGANISATION
1.1 There is published mission statement and institutional
purpose
1.2 All stakeholders participated in development of mission
statement and institutional purpose
Senior management
Academic staff
Non- academic staff
Students
Community
1.3 Mission statement is clearly stated and displayed
1.4 The institution has a clear and effective system of decision
making in which delegated authority is based at the lowest
appropriate level and is supported by a comprehensive system
of relevant and updated information
Updated standard operating manual is available
The following groups participate in institutional decision
making process
Academic staff
Students
Community
Senior managers
Management meeting are
Minuted
Distributed to those affected

NO

ASPECTS TO BE CHECKED
Scheduled
Management system have recently evaluated / updated
The Institution ensures adequate dissemination of
information to staff through
Meetings
Minutes
Newsletters
Participation
Staff seminars
1.5 The organization has adequate mechanisms for external
communication
Newsletters
Corporate advertising
Mail shots
Leaflets
Open days
Parent evenings
Awards day
Exhibitions
1.6 Terms of reference are determined by for committees
established to develop and monitor educational activities
1.7 The association between the components of the NEI is
based on legal agreements or a constitution
1.8 The use if clinical facilities is based on written agreement
between the service authorities and the NEI
1.9 The university with which the college is associated works
actively to ensure quality nursing education
The university is represented on college council, college
senate and examination committees
There is evidence of staff development
There is evidence of the attendance of meetings
1.10 The college council and the senate meet its responsibilities
towards nursing education in the college
Terms of reference are clear and appropriate
Meeting held as stipulated and minuted
Bodies represent appropriate stakeholders groups
Reports from college council and senate are dealt with at
meetings
1.11 The main campus, sub-campuses and clinical facilities
functions as an integrated whole in the education process
There are regular minuted meetings with the sub
campus and clinical facilities
The sub campus and clinical facilities are involved in
senate committees, e.g. curriculum, examination

YES

NO

committees
Sub campus and clinical facilities are involved in staff
development activities
Staff from the sub campus and clinical facilities
participate in student evaluation
COMMENTS
2. HUMAN RESOURCES
2.1 The institution has effective and efficient system for
recruiting, managing and developing of human resources
Staff review system and development of needs and
expansion is available
2.2 Job description are related to mission statement and
philosophy
The head of the school is a registered nurse with at least
a basic degree, educational and management
qualifications
Staff are adequately trained to teach theory and practical
An accounting officer takes responsibility for the financial
and administrative functions
Support staff include
Administrative
Clerical
Technical
Librarian
Drivers
2.4 Staff development is done systematically and supported
financially
An induction program for newly appointed teaching
staff provides for orientation to:
All aspects of the nursing education institution
The curriculum
Own responsibilities
There is evidence of efforts to raise funds
There is evidence of financial provision for staff
development
Proportion of staff busy with studies
Proportion of staff attending national conferences
The number of workshops organized by the institution last
year
Staff development needs are related to departmental
objectives
COMMENTS
3. SPACE, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL RESOURCES

3.1 Adequate space equipment and material resources are

available and properly managed
A space inventory is available
Utilization of statistics are in the line with agreed
targets as calculated in prescribed manner
A clinical practical laboratory with functional basic
equipment is available
Utilization of laboratory promotes learning
Every classroom has:
A black / white board
An overhead projector
There are variety of classroom available for different
teaching methodologies
The following educational equipment is accessible
Video camera
Video
Slide / tapes
Television
On line computer and Software
Variety of administrative equipment is available
PC Computer
Photocopier
Facsimile machine
There is an office for each academic staff with
Direct telephone lines
Filing cabinets
Book case
Desk and 2 chairs
Planning board
The general maintenance of building is good
A safe is available
Equipment inventory and utilization reviews are done at
regular intervals
Alternative sponsor for equipment is explored
3.2 Library
There is adequate referencing and cataloguing system
available
A specialist journal for each specialist programme is
available
A generalist journal for each generalist programme is
available
There is adequate budget for books
There is evidence of utilization reviews of the library
The library is accessible to student in terms of time and

location
Where there are no library facilities available, evidence of
an agreement to use other libraries is available
COMMENTS
4. CLINICAL RESOURCES
4.1 Adequate quantity of learning experiences in clinical
practica settings are available
Bed occupancy of utilize hospital beds is at least 0%
Students form 40% or less of the work force
4.2 Clinical accompaniment is adequate to ensure maximum
theory / practice integration and learning
Every student working in an clinical receives an average
of 30 minutes individual clinical accompaniment per 2
weeks
Clinical accompaniment by academic staff members is
clearly recorded
Adequate supervision of student by registered nurses
Evidence of educational involvement of unit staff is
available
COMMENTS
5. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CURRIULUM
5.1 Selection criteria comply with minimum standard set by the
Council
Students comply with the minimum education standard set by
the Council (standard 10 or equivalent)
5.2 A variety of classroom teaching and evaluation strategies
are appropriate and efficient
Student description of teaching reflects a variety of
strategies and efficient use thereof
Course outline reflect:
Clear objectives
Self study components
Evaluation criteria
Course outlines are in the line with the level, course and
programme objectives
Marks allocated to student projects and class tests are
reliable and valid and clear feedback is given to students
Prescribed materials are applicable and current
5.3 Clinical teaching and evaluation is done systematically and
effectively
Clinical placements reflect learning needs and
knowledge / skill level of students

Minimum skill level is assured before students are allowed

to practice on patients
Clear objectives are available for each clinical placement
Cycle of demonstration simulated practice, real practice
and then mastery are demonstrated
A variety of appropriate clinical evaluations are used
throughout the course
Clinical evaluation instruments are reliable and valid and
appropriate feedback is given to the student
5.4 The examination system ensures reliable and valid
examination results
The confidentially of examination papers are ensured in
the process of
Settings papers
Typing papers
Moderating papers
Reproducing papers
Evidence of moderation of papers and scripts are
available
A sample of papers and answer guides show content
validity e.g. level, clarity of questions and correct
information
Level
Scope of questions
Clarity questions
Correct information
Realistic mark allocation
Relevancy of questions
COMMENTS
6. OUTCOMES
6.1 The institution monitors
Students records reflect individual progress with regard to
Clinical evaluation
Classroom evaluations
Attendance
Punctuality
Clinical placement
Clinical accompaniment
Evidence of remedial mechanisms are in place
Course statistics reflect
Performance of students
Completions of students
Failures

 Drop outs
Punctuality of students
The institution has periodic evaluation of graduate
performance after graduation
The institution monitors costs of student outcomes
6.2 The institution monitors, records and evaluate staff outcome
Staff satisfaction is systematically assessed
Staff turnover, absenteeism and punctuality are
monitored, analyzed and reported systematically
The institution monitors costs of staff outcomes
The institution provides academic leadership locally,
regionally, nationally and internationally
6.3 The institution has a systematic approach to curriculum
review
The curriculum planning and evaluation involved all
stakeholders
Students
Employers
Community
Staff
Written reports on curriculum evaluation are available for
all programs
Positives links have been established with other
institutions
Local and regional schools
Colleges
Technikons
Universities
Health services
Non- governmental Organizations
Community based organizations
REMARKS

5.3
Head of college must be
a registered nurse

Affiliate with a
university

Condition of
approval of
nursing school

Course of study
has been
approved

Condition of
registration

Senior certificate or
equivalent
qualification
Nursing
science

Psychiatri
c

Subject
content
Show respect
Communit
y

Midwifery
Program objective

Skilled in
diagnosing

Professional and
personal
development

Curriculum

Examination in all
subject
Duration of
course

Submission for
approval by the
council

R425

Examination

Four academic
years
50% for both

Practical
separate

5.7

LESSON PLAN FOR FORMAL LECTURE

( Duration : 40 minutes )
Target group : second year students, first semester. For education and
training as a nurse ( General , Psychiatric , Community Health Nursing )
and midwife , leading to registration ( R425, 22 February 1985, as
amended )
Subjects : Medical Nursing
Theme : HIV / AIDS
Topic

: comprehensive Management of HIV/ AIDS

Introduction
Africa our beautiful land what have we done to suffer like. Children are
heading families because of this dreadful disease called HIV. Children are
orphaned. Theres no one to look after them because parents have
passed on.

Media : write topic on board

Outcomes
Media
Transparency
Students should be able to

Define HIV AIDS

State the incidence of HIV / AIDS IN Southern Africa
Origins and history of the epidemic
Characteristics of Hiv epidemics according to region
Mode of transmission
Prevention of HIV infection
Management of HIV
Anatomy of the virus

ASSESSING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

Q : Define HIV / AIDS

Q : Causes of HIV / AIDS

Q : Explain the mode of transmission of HIV / AIDS

MEDIA: (Compulsory)
Various posters and transparencies on the macroscopic and microscopic
structure of human cell

QUESTIONS
Q: Explain the word HIV / AIDS
Answer: Human immune virus
Aids acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Q: how is HIV / AIDS diagnosed
Answer: The diagnosis of HIV / AIDS is by doing rapid finger prick test and
taking blood for Elisa laboratory test
Q: describe WHO staging of HIV
Answer: stage 1: the client will look asymptomatic meaning does not show
signs of
HIV infection
Stage 2: Oral candidiasis skin rash as folliculitis, seborrheic
dermatitis, herpes
zoster.
Stage 3: Recurrent, persistent candida infection
Recurrent herpes simplex infection genital herpes infection.
Persistent
diarrhea
Stage 4: in children unexplained severe malnutrition
Kaposi sarcoma
Cryptococcal meningitis

Content

Media
Writing board throughout the lecture. Use heading, subheadings and
diagrams.
Diagnosis

INCIDENCE

Give statistics

CTQ : What do you think is the impact of HIV/AIDS on the health care
system economy of the country
CTQ : Do you think age plays a part in the disease
CTQ : Which gender do you think is affected most by the disease
Etiology

Poverty
Human trafficking
Multiple sex partners
Infected human waist

Pathophysiology
Media
Transparency of diagrams explaining pathophysiology
Writing board new terms

Types of HIV

Writing board
Poster(s)
Transparencies

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Unexplain weight loss ( more than 10% of usual body weight)

Recurrent oral ulceration, angular stomatitis
Oesophageal thrush

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

Rapid HIV test ( finger prick)

Blood for CD4 count
Full blood count
Creatinine clearance

MANAGEMENT

Adherence counseling is provided

If the CD4 count results less than and equal 500 cells, the clients is
initiated on antiretroviral treatment.
Tuberculin skin test done to diagnose TB and if negative the client
will be given Isoniazid prophylaxis for 12 months and if positive,
Isoniazid prophylaxis is given for 36 months.
Look for signs of opportunistic infection and treat on follow-up care.
Monitor weight and body mass index
Health education is given about treatment compliance
Condom usage emphasized to avoid re-injection
Blood monitoring tests done at 3 months, 6 months and then
annually
Check for signs of drug side effects at every visit and treat if present
Screen the client for alcohol abuse and depression and refer the
client for psychological counseling

SUMAMRY
Media

Use lesson framework on writing board

Use transparencies that have been used before

ASSESSMENT
Media

Use outcomes transparency to evaluate set at least eight questions

on the above content, covering all the outcomes.

ASSIGNMENT

World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical staging for children and

adults
National department of Health HIV/ AIDS guidelines

SOURCES

Foundation for professional development.

Nurse initiated management of Anti Retro Viral Therapy (ART)
(NIMART)
National Department of Health Guidelines 2013.