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Electric Motors and Generators
Electric Motors and Generators
Chapter 23
Introduction
A Simple AC Generator
A Simple DC Generator
DC Generators or Dynamos
AC Generators or Alternators
DC Motors
AC Motors
Universal Motors
Electrical Machines A Summary
Storey: Electrical & Electronic Systems Pearson Education Limited 2004
OHT 23.1
Introduction
23.1
OHT 23.2
A Simple AC Generator
23.2
d
dt
cos cos
dt
dt
dt
Storey: Electrical & Electronic Systems Pearson Education Limited 2004
OHT 23.3
d
d sin
NBA
NBA cos
dt
dt
V N
d
dt
OHT 23.4
OHT 23.5
Wires connected to
the rotating coil
would get twisted
Therefore we use
circular slip rings
with sliding
contacts called
brushes
OHT 23.6
A Simple DC Generator
23.3
OHT 23.7
Use of a commutator
OHT 23.8
OHT 23.9
OHT 23.10
DC Generators or Dynamos
23.4
but usually the field coils are driven from the generator output
this is called a self-excited generator
OHT 23.11
A four-pole DC generator
OHT 23.12
OHT 23.13
DC generator characteristics
vary slightly between forms
examples shown here are for a shunt-wound generator
OHT 23.14
AC Generators or Alternators
23.5
OHT 23.15
A four-pole alternator
OHT 23.16
OHT 23.17
OHT 23.18
DC Motors
23.6
OHT 23.19
OHT 23.20
DC motor characteristics
many forms each with slightly different characteristics
again can be permanent magnet, or series-wound,
shunt-wound or compound wound
figure below shows a shunt-wound DC motor
OHT 23.21
AC Motors
23.7
OHT 23.22
Synchronous motors
just as a DC generator can be used as a DC motor, so
AC generators (or alternators) can be used as
synchronous AC motors
three phase motors use three sets of stator coils
the rotating magnetic field drags the rotor around with it
OHT 23.23
Induction motors
these are perhaps the most important form of AC motor
rather than use slip rings to pass current to the field
coils in the rotor, current is induced in the rotor by
transformer action
the stator is similar to that in a synchronous motor
the rotor is simply a set of parallel conductors shorted
together at either end by two conducting rings
OHT 23.24
OHT 23.25
OHT 23.26
OHT 23.27
Universal Motors
23.8
OHT 23.28
23.9
OHT 23.29
Key Points
OHT 23.30