Gas turbine control for example if the exhaust temperature exceeds the allowed limit, the fuel

supplied to the turbine will be reduced

The operating conditions are changing based on the sensor detected values
The control is realized by the use of different control loops
Control software philosophy

Major control loops: startup, speed, temperature

Secondary control loops: acceleration, manual, shutdown
Fuel Stroke Reference (FSR) is the output command signal to the fuel flow
Minimum selector receives the output of the control loops
The lowest FSR value will be always active and controlling the fuel flow
Correct speed detection is very important
Startup control loop
Speed relays detect the current speed of the shaft:
L14HR Zero speed(below0.3% of max.speed) -turbine shaft started to rotate
L14HM Minimum firing speed (above15%) -turbine reached minimum firing speed
L14HA Acceleratingspeed (above 50%) -acceleration phase, turbine startup is in progress
L14HS Min. operation speed (above 96%) -the turbine hasreached the operational speed

The startup control loop operates using different preset levels of FSR stored as Mark VI constants:
ZERO FSR
FIRE FSR
WARM-UP FSR
ACCELERATE FSR
MAX FSR
During the startup process the different FSR values are applied by the startup control loop to the
fuel flow, based on the current speed of the shaft.
The shaft speed is detected by 3 magnetic pickup sensors (77NH-1,2,3)
The current speed -TNH (actual speed) is calculated from the sensors signals
The reference speed TNR is the desired speed
Proportional regulator calculates FSR based on the TNH and the TNR(reference speed)
TNR typically changes between 96-102% of speed
Under manual control the operator may change the TNRwithin the range above
Acceleration control loop
The acceleration control loop monitors the increasing rate of the turbine speed
If during the startup process a predefined acceleration limit is reached, the acceleration control loop
takes over the FSR control from the startup control loop to limit the acceleration and protect the
instrument
Temperature control loop
Maintains allowed operating temperatures by limiting fuel flow to the turbine
Uses 24 exhaust thermocouples as input temperature values
A regulator is used to calculate the FSR based on the current values and predefined values.
If the calculated FSR is lower than the current FSR, the temperature control loop will take over the
FSR control according the minimum selector