HYDROLOGY AND ENERGY STUDIES

PROCEDURES

CASE STUDY
Sg Luang Mini Hydro Power Plant
A) System Characteristic
Gross head

110 m

Residual flow

0.1 m3/s

Firm flow

1.9 m3/s @ 95% of exceedence residual flow

Mean flow

3.80 m3/s

Design flow

3.50 m3/s

Turbine type

Francis

Number of turbines

Turbine peak efficiency

92%

89%

Turbine efficiency at
design flow

Maximum hydraulic losses =

5%

Generator efficiency

95%

Transformer losses

1%

Parasitic electricity losses

2%

Annual downtime losses

4%

HYDROLOGY AND ENERGY STUDIES

PROCEDURES

B) Hydrology
By processing and deriving available streamflow time series data, the flow
duration curve data in 5% interval for Sg Luang obtained and figured as table
below;
FLOW DURATION CURVE DATA
Time (%)

Flow (m3/s)

15.00

9.73

10

7.74

15

6.75

20

6.01

25

5.49

30

5.10

35

4.74

40

4.43

45

4.15

50

3.89

55

3.64

60

3.42

65

3.19

70

2.99

75

2.82

80

2.65

85

2.48

90

2.28

95

2.00

100

0.81

HYDROLOGY AND ENERGY STUDIES

PROCEDURES

FLOW DURATION CURVE (FDC)

Mean Flow

Qd, 3.50 m3/s

Q, m/s

Residual Flow

0
0%

20%

30%

60%

80%

100%

Percent of time discharge is equalled or exceeded

C) Turbine Efficiency Curve Data

Efficiency Curve
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70

Efficiency

0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Percent of Rated Flow (%)

80

90

100

Turbine Flow
(%)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%

Turbine
Efficiency
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.26
0.39
0.50
0.60
0.68
0.75
0.80
0.84
0.87
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.91
0.89

HYDROLOGY AND ENERGY STUDIES

PROCEDURES

d) Plant Capacity

Plant capacity, P = HQ
= 9.81 x 110 x 3.50 x 0.89 x 0.95 x 0.95 x 0.99 x 0.98
= 2,943 kW
e) Energy Model
%

Qused

Hg

par

hyd

trans

gen

turb

Power
(kW)

Energy
(kWh)

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100

15
9.73
7.74
6.75
6.01
5.49
5.1
4.74
4.43
4.15
3.89
3.64
3.42
3.19
2.99
2.82
2.65
2.48
2.28
2.00
0.81

3.50
3.50
3.50
3.50
3.50
3.50
3.50
3.50
3.50
3.50
3.50
3.50
3.32
3.09
2.89
2.72
2.55
2.38
2.18
1.90
0.71

9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81

110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110

0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98

0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.99

0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99

0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95

0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.91
0.90
0.87
0.39

2,943
2,943
2,943
2,943
2,943
2,943
2,943
2,943
2,943
2,943
2,943
2,943
2,870
2,717
2,554
2,413
2,271
2,104
1,914
1,620
275

645
1,290
1,290
1,290
1,290
1,290
1,290
1,290
1,290
1,290
1,290
1,281
1,248
1,189
1,121
1,057
992
919
826
594
208
23,000