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    E1EEFQ 2008 v3n3 385

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    E1EEFQ 2008 v3n3 385

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    E1EEFQ 2008 v3n3 385

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    Journal of Blecrical Engineering & Technology: Vol 3, No. 3, pp. 385-390, 2008 385 A Computationally Efficient Finite Element Analysis Algorithm Considering 2-D Magnetic Properties of Electrical Steel Sheet Yingying Yao*, Wei Li**, Hee Sung Yoon**, Koji Fujiwara*** and Chang Seop Koh’ Abstract - For taking account of the two-dimensional magnetic properties of a grain-oriented clectical steel sheet, the effective anisotropic tensor reluctivty is examined, and a computationally efficient algorithm is suggested by using the response surface method to model the two-dimensional ‘magnetic properties, It is shown that the reconstructed two-dimensional magnetic properties are fairly effective to stabilize the convergence characteristics of the Newton-Raphson iteration in the nonlinear ‘magnetic field analysis. Keywords: Finite clement analysis, Grain-otiented, Tensor permeability, Two-timensional magnetic property 1. Introduction It is well known that anisotropic electrical stee! sheet such as grain-oriented steel has two-dimensional magnetic properties even under alternating magnetic field condition, ‘and that the magnetic field intensity, H, is not always Parallel to the magnetic flux density, B. Modeling this property is very important in precise finite element magnetic field analysis. Enokizono proposed two kinds of models. One is to decompose the magnetic field intensity into effective isotropic field and effective anisotropic field, like model B in Fig.1, and define an effective isotropic reluctivity V_[1]. This model has wo difficulties when used in FE analysis, One is how to determine the effective isotropic field and the other is that the magnetic field analysis should be carried out iteratively. The other method is to use the effective anisotropic reluctivity ¥, where the independent variables are the magnitude and the direction fof the magnetic flux density {2}, This method, when applied to non-linear finite clement magnetic field analysis, also has problem because Newton-Raphson (NR) iteration often does not converge [3]. Therefore, in order to enhance the convergence characteristics of NR iteration, Fujiwara proposed a spline technigue of the measured data using Bezier spline [3] In this paper, the two-dimensional magnetic properties 7 Conesponding Author: Shoo! of Elesrcal © Computer Ey ing, Chunghuk National University, Cheong, Chaba 363 ‘Korea (kohesi@chungbuka kt) College of Electrical Engincering, Zhsjiang University, Hangzhou, ‘iwjiang 310027, China yingying. ysoazh.edsa) “+ Department of Hleteal Engineering. Crunk National niversiy, CChungbak, Cheonsjn, 361-753, Korea (Tnciachanghulk ack, hsyoont@ehungbuk acs} ‘7 Department of Eeetal Exgincering, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Sapa (Kj fjiwaraamaildohisha. ap) Received 17 December, 2007; Acceped 5 ne, 2007 of a grain-oriented steel sheet are measured using a two dimensional single sheet tester, and smoothed by using. response surface method (RSM). It is then incorporated with the finite element method to develop a computationally efficient magnetic field analysis algorithm considering two-dimensional magnetic properties. Through numerical «examples with single-phase transformer core, the algorithm is proven to give fast convergence of the NR iteration 2. Def ition and Modeling of Reluctivity Tensor 2.1 Reluctivity of Anisotropic Material In anisotropic material, the ditection of H’ may be Aifforent from that of B as shown in Fig. 1, Enokizono ‘proposed two kinds of models, as shown Fig. 1, to simolate it In model A, 1" is the rotation of H to B. With the effective anisotropic reluctivity = 10/2 , the relate onship between B and H can be written as follows (2): H,\ [eos, sin, fx 01[8,)_ (8, ilLive, Soaclo ellerls} where ¥ is reluetivity tensor, which has non-linearity with respect to the magnitude B and inclination angle % of B. According to [3], after some algebra, the reluctivity tensor ¥ can be expressed as follows: [v.(BO) ¥, (BO) Ly ABOg) ¥, (B84) _ |i c0s0, /Be0s 0, o F 0 Hsin0,/Bsin Oy , @ Based on the ¥ defined in (2), Fujiwara deduced a 386 4 Computationally Eificiet Finite Element Analysis Algorithm Considering 2-D Magnetic Properties of Electrical Steet Sheet complex expression of NR formula [3]. Itis more effective for the convergence of NR iteration than its original definition in (1) It is clear from Fig. 1 that the mean value of vn(B,4s) tzives the relation between Hand B,, and y;,(B,6h) between H,and B,. The major difference between the anisotropic and isotropic problem is that vax and vy» depend on both B and @ in the former, but only B in the later. For a grain- oriented silicon steel, the magnitude and direction of Hf can bbe measured, interpolated and extrapolated, then vy and yy ‘can be expressed as functions of B and p, which are used for the nonlinear finite clement analysis. y y BY wh " Catt x x <>: Rolling direction Mat Fig. 1. The relationship between B and H. In this paper, similar to the numerical simulation for model A, a numerically efficient calculation method of an isotropic magnetic reluctivity in model B is proposed, where H, is the magnitude of H when magnetic field is applied along the rolling direction ie., when Oy is zero. With the help of the effective anisotropic field H1™, the relationship between B and Hf can be written as follows: H,\_[v 0][8,), [08,6 4} "0 vila)" |e.e,) 8 From the measured data, the effective anisotropic field 11” is caloulated as H(B,0,)) _ [H.e0s0, ~vBc0s0, 7 @) H(B,8,)| | Hsin, ~vBsind, where the effective isotropic reluctivity v_is defined as: 0/18] =|Ho.0 Boel 6 Considering Bcos,=B, and Bsin®,=B, , the proposed -H relationship can be written as follows: trl-Tolts} © see cee ere eee) Comparing (1), @), and (6), it is obvious that the suggested modeling (6) has the same form with (1) oF (2). ‘Therefore, both the FE formula and the Jacobian matrix of NR iteration will have the same form with (I) and (2). This ‘ill be given in detail at the following section We present a finite element analysis formula to take account of the anisotropic effect based on the above reluetivity models. ‘The convergence of the NR iteration will be investigated. 2.2 Modeling Method of 2D Magnetization Properties The magnetization property of grain-oriented silicon steel poses nonlinearity, saturation, and anisotropy. Our ‘measuring system can measure the magnitude Hand the inclination angle 8 of H, the phase difference Jy between B and H, and iron loss under different magnetic flux density B as well as different 4 [4]. The measured data, shown in Fig. 2, are the H-B and 0j,B relationships under different 5 for @ grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 35PG165. under the alternating SOHz excitation with maximum value of the magnetic flux density of 2.07, Where indicates the inclination angle of B from the rolling direction, In order to obtain a stable convergence of NR iteration in the finite element computation, itis necessary to precisely oe 0) fis % = my, logit (Am) a anaaenane ana (a) H-B curves under different oon te ge a oe is 20 i woos es (b) % -B curves under different Fig. 2. Measured 2D magnetization properties of grain- oriented clectrical sheet 35PG165. inguin Yao, Wei L, Hee Sumg Yoon, Koy Fujbwara and Chang Seop Koh 387 present the magnetization property up to saturation, The sioothing model proposed in this paper is based on two parts. Inthe fist part, the nonlinearities of a single H-B, H- 1, Gu-B and Oyy-By curves are splined by using C' contin- ‘uous function. And in the second part, the data iting procedure of anisotropic magnetic property is used For a magnetization curve, a smoothing model which consists of three intervals is suggested as follows: interpolation BSB, H= 4B +aB+q, B,< BSB, o ctvB B2B, interpolation BSB, 0, = {DB +bB +h, By

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