.

21

1. (-

) . . -3x+42,

2 4 3
x,
3

x+y
3z

2. (-

) () .
.. = 3x+22 x=-2 =-1 = 3(-2)+2(-1)2= -6+2= -4
3.

, ..

5x
.
2ay

2 ay 0 .
4. -

, .. 3 3 2 , (2 3 ).
0.
5. -

.
6.

..

22,

2 4 3
x,
3

2 3 x2y3
7. -

( ) .

22

2 4 3
x
3

2
3

x43

2 3 x2y3

2 3

x 2y 3

2 4 3
8. , .. x ,
3

. 22

543. ( ) , .. 5x43 =

10 4 3
x.
2

.
0 ()
.. 0x2 = 0x425 = ..., 1
.. 1x23 = x23

9. .

,
2 4 3
,
3

..

,
2 4 -3 2 x 4
x = 3
3

..

0 .

10.

.

2 4 3
x 7 4+3=7, 4
3
x 3 .

11. .

.
, .. 23+53 = (2+5)3 = 73.
.

12. .


/ , . (

. = +).
2
2
. . 4362y = 6423y = 44+23+1y = 464y
3
3

13. .

: =-.
. . 643 : (32 y)= (6:3) (4 : 2) (3 : ) (1 : y) = 4-23-1y-1 = 222y-1

14. -

.

. 23
15. .

( ) .
16. ( )

.. P(x)=x3+3x2-5x+7, Q(x,y)=-2x2y3+xy

17. (x)=c, c , .

(x)=0 .

18. , .

.
.. x25x3+3x2+x3+x = - 4x3+4x2+x ( )

:
(x)+B(x): .
.. (4x2+3x+8)+( x2+4x2) = 4x2+3x+8 + x2+4x2 = 5x2 + 7x + 6

:
A(x) B(x): -(x) -B(x)
.. (4x2+3x+2)( x2+4x2) = 4x2+3x+2 x24x+2 = 3x2 x + 4 ( x)

:
() ( ),

/ .
.. (2x) (x22x+1)= 2x3 + 4x2 2x,

. 24

() (/ )
.. (x21) (2x2x+1) = [ x2(2x2x+1) +( 1)(2x2x+1)] =

2x4x3+x22x2+x1

. 25

1. :
3x3
4x34
3x2x-3
3xz . 1/3x-1-1z-1
4x . x 3
73
2. :
7

24
3
5
1 4

3
4

- 3

2 9 3
2-132,
0
3-546

-44

3. () R :

R
2
5
2+
3

2 7
(2+1)( 2 +1
5-1 +5 + 1
7 +1
2 +1

4. .

. 26

2( x 2 + y 2 )
7x

3 x 2 + x +1

5 x 2 +1

5x

x 5
7
x2 +

1
x
2

5. :
-3x5+2x5-6x5
15x+ 15 x

0.5x2+4.25x2+33x2

7x3+ 5 x3+6.2x3

22x2+11.52x

2x2+6x2

4
5

1
3

32+ 2-22

-2+ 4

5+4+3+5

6. :
3 4

32 72

2 (-) 0753

2 3
x 10x-1 x2
5

-3x2 (-1/3 x34)

-2x2z (-3x2) (-xz3)

-3x2 (-2x3) (-1/6x2) (-2x5)

05x2 5x3 x-2 6x-1

5

-7

7 x 23x x 5x

-1

-2x2 (-3x3) (-x) (-2x5)

(-2/3x4) (-052x)

7. :
6x32 : (-2x2)
1
2

2
3

( x43) : ( 3x22)
(6x+1) . (-4x-12) : (-8x)

(-8x23)2 : (-32x432)
(-323)3 : (322)
(+2 -1) : (-23)

. 27

-
1. N
2

i.

-- +2 +- + -+2 =

ii.

x -2x -2x-7+3x +5x+2+x +5x -6x =

iii.

x -2x - -3x +2x +6x - +x -x =

2 2

2 2

2. :
4

= 6x +5x -2x+7,
4

= 5x -2x -9x+4

= -x -3x +11,

= -7x +8x -x+6

-, (+)-(+), -(-)-, +++

3. :
2

P(x) = 7x -6x+2,

Q(x) = -4x +7x-8

(-1), (3)

A(x) = P(x) + Q(x)

B(x) = P(x) - 3Q(x) .

4.
3

5 2

4 3

A = 3x -4x +7x + -9
2

= x +x -x + x +6
=

2 6
1 4 5
4 3
x +x +
x +5x+7x 8
15
3

]
] :

3
,
4

5,

+2

1. :
2

] (2x -3x-6)(x -x+2)

2

] (-2-3)(-2+3)

] (x -2x+5)(x +2x+5)
2

] (-x - -3 )(x - -3 )
2

] (x + )(x-)(x +x + )
2. :

] (2 +3)(4 - -2)

. 28

] -( -1)( + -)

] -2(5x -4x +3)(2x -1)

2

] (x-1)(x + x + )

] (x +1)(x - x + )

)( - 4)(3 + 2)

3. f(x) = 2x+1 g(x)= -3x+1

[f(x+1) - g(x)] . [f(1-x) - g(x)]
4. f(x)= x2 3|x| +1 g(x)= |x| -1 f(x) . g(x)

5. ;
2

(2-1)x -2x+
2

& 5x +6x+

6. f() = x(x -2) - (x+2)[x -(1-x)],

f(-3)

7. P(x)=(x+7)(x-2) Q(x) =(x+3)(x+4).

P(x)-Q(x) = 0
8. (x) = (5-x)(5+x) 25 .
9. (x)=x3+2x2+x+1 (x)=x-x2-1 :
] (2) & (2)

] (2).(2)

] (x)=(x).(x)

] (2)

10. :
2x(x2 - 1) x2(1+3x) x + 5(1 - x2)
(2+2 - )(1 - 2)
(6x+1)(2x - 3) 1
(9x+1 2)(x+2) 1
3x(x2 1) 4x2(x+2) 3x + 4(x2 1)
x3 x2
1 6x 2
5x
2 5
4 2

. 29

:
.
1. (+)2 = 2+2+2

(+)2 =
(+)(+) =
2+++2 =
2+2+2

2. (-)2 = 2 -2+2 1.

( -)2 =
( -)( -) =
2 - -+2 =
2-2+2

:
, , ,
. .
2 .
(+) ,
, . , (+) (-)
(-)2 = (-)2 2 -2+2
(+)2 = (- -)2 2 +2+2

! (+)2 = 2+2 2+2=(+)2 - 2

3. (+)(-)=2-2

(+)(-) =
2 - + -2 =
2 -2

. 30

:
, 2-2
, .

:
]
] +
]
2x2 3

1. (2x2 +3)2 =
(2x2)2+2 2x2 3 + 32=
4x4 +12x2 +9
2. (2x - 3y)2 =
(2x)2 -2 2x 3y + (3y)2=

:
]
] -
]

4x2 -12xy +9y2

3. (-2x +5x2)2 =
(2x)2 - 2 2x 5x2 + (5x2)2=

=-2x, =5x2 (+)2

+ - ,

4x2 - 20x3 +25x4

4. (-2x - 3y) =
(2x)2 +2 2x 3y + (3y)2=

=-2x, =-3x (+)2

+ + ,

4x2 +12xy +9y2

5. (2x -3)(2x+3)=(2x) - 3 =

4x2 - 9

:
(-)
1
2 .

,
2
9y

6. (-2x - 3y)(2x - 3y)= -(2x+3y)(2x - 3y)=

-[(2x)2 - (3y)2] = -[4x2 - 9y2]= - 4x2 +

. 31

1. :

(-3)2

(2x+y) 2

(-x-y) 2

(xy+2x) 2

(10x2 - 3) 2

(5x2+2x) 2

(23 - 32) 2

(2 + 2) 2 (-3-2) 2

1
2

( y+2x) 2

1
2

(2x-xy)2

1
3

(2xy - x2) 2

( x3 -3x) 2

2. :

(x -1)(x+1)

(3x -2)(3x+2)

(2x+ 1 )(2x - 1 )

(x+3x)(x -3x)

(2x+y)(y -2x)

( x-

(x3+2xy)(2xy - x3)

(2x+y)(2x - y)(4x2+y2)

(2x+3y)(2x -3y)(4x2+9y2)

(x+2y - 3z)(x+2y + 3z)

(x + 2y-z)(x - 2y-z)

(x+y - z+)(x+y + z-)

2
3

1
2
1
y) ( x + y)
5
3
5

3. F(x)=(2x+1)2 - (2x+1)(2x-1) @ Q(x)=(3x-1)(x-2) - (3x-1)2 -

P(x)= F(x) -Q(x) , P(-1).

4. : P(x)=(2x+3)2 - 4x2, Q(x)=(x+2)(x+3) - 2x2 -6

]
] P(x)Q(x)

5. :

(2x-y)2 - (x+2y)2 -(x+3y)(x-3y)

(3x+y)2 - (x+4y)2 -(5y+2x)(2x-5y)
(x3+2y2)2 - (y2+2x3)2 + (x3-2y2) (x3+2y2)
(x+3)2 + (x-3)2 + (x+2)2 + (x-2)2 - (x-5)(x+5)

6. N :

(x+2)2 + (x+1)2 - 2(x -1)2 - 5(2x+1)

(x2 - 2)2 - 2(x2+1)2 - 4(x2 - 1)2 + 5x4

( )
4. (+)3 = 3+32+32+3

(+)3 = (+)2(+)=
(2+2+2)(+)=

3 (x3 = x2 x1)
(+)2
.

. 32

3+2+22+22+2+3=
3+32+32+3

5. (-)3 = 3-32+32-3
(-)3 = (-)2(-)=
(2-2+2)(-)=
3-2-22+22+2-3=
3-32+32-3

4.

3 (x3 = x2 x1)
(-)2

:
, , , .
(+)3 (+), (-)3
.
:
.
(-)3 = [-(-)]3 = -(-)3
(-)3 (-)3
(+)3 (- -)3
& (-1)3 = -1
! (+)3 = 3+3 3+3=(+)3 - 3(2+2)
7. 3 +3 = ( +)(2 - +2)

8. 3 - 3 = ( -)(2 + +2)

9. (+)(+) = 2+(+)+
: 7, 8, 9 .
= ,
.
1. , -

() ,

.

2. 1 -

= . 2
=
= =
3. (-=0).

:
1. 3 +3 = ( +)(2 - +2)
2 : ( +)(2 - +2) = 3 - 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 3 = 3 + 3 1

2. 3 + 3 + 3(2+2) = (+)3
1 : 3 + 3 + 3(2 + 2) = 3 + 3 + 32 + 32 ()
2 : (-)3 = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3 = 3 + 3 + 32 + 32

()
.

. 33

() ()
.
3.

(+)(+) = 2+(+)+
1 : (+)(+) = 2+++2 ()
2 : 2+(+)+ = 2+++ ()
() = ()

:
]
] +

] +
] +

:
1. (2 +3)3 =
(2)3+3 (2)2 3 +3 2 32 + 33=
83 +3 42 3 +3 2 9 +27=
83 + 362 + 54 + 27

1 3 2
(+) 2 ,4 -3
(-)

2. (2 - 3)3 =
(2)3 - 3 (2)2 3 +3 232 - 33=
83 +3 42 3 +3 2 9 +27=
83 - 362 + 54 - 27
3. (-2 - 3y)3 =
-(2x)3 - 3(2)23y - 32(3y)2 - (3y)3=
-8x3 - 3423y - 329y2 - 27y3=
-8x3 - 362y - 54y2 - 27y3

1. :

(-3)3

(2x+y) 3

(-x-y) 3

(xy+2x) 3

(2x-xy)3

(5x2+2x) 3

(10x2 - 3) 3

(2 + 2) 3

(22 - 32) 3

(- - 2) 3

( y+2x) 3

1
2

1
3

( x2 -3x) 3

2.

(3x -y)3 - (x+2y)3 -2(x - y)(x2 + xy +y2)

(2x2 - y)3 - (2x2 + y)3 + 2x(x - y2)(x + y2)

(x + 2y)3 + (x - 2y)3 -(x+y) (x2 - xy +y2)

5x(2x + 3)3 - x(x + 4)2 + 2x(1 - x)(x + 1)

2x(x - 1)3 - 2(x3 - 1)

. 34

1. + = ..

= .

2. : ..
.. .
3. 2 .. .
;
4. ()
:

323 + 523 - 223 = .2..

5. (.) :
(-)(+)

= .

(+..)2

(-)2

= .

(--)(+) = ..

= .

( )3

=...

(--)(-)=.....

(5 - ..)2

= 25 +92.

(9+..)2 = ..+182+..

(0,5+..)2 = .. + + ..

(2+..)2 = .. + 4+..

(.. + .. )2 = ++..

(2 - ..)(.. + ) =.. - ..

2 - ..= (..- 1)(.. + ..)

(.. + 4)( - ..) = .. - .

.. 25 = (2 - .)(.+.)

(--)

= .. +2+2

6. :
42 12 .
2+10 .

252 + 7 .
922 12z + .

42 + ..+ 2524

2 - .. + 1/44

4 + .. + 362

9 - .. + 424

2 + 1/9 -

4 - .. + 10

10 - . + 494

42 + 252 - ..

2 + 6 + ..

2 +

7.
:
273 + . + . + 83

= ( . + )3

643 - . + 12 + .

= (. + )3

. - . +. 273 = (10 + )3
273 + .... + .... + .. = (. + 1 )3

. 35

: () .
: ( + ) = +
:

1 2 / .. 5(2+3) = 10+15
2 1
() .. 3+3=3(+)

1. .

.
:
1) 5+5 = 5(+)
2) 52+5 = 5(2+1)
2

3) 3 y+3y = 3y(+y)

:
.
2. .

:
1) x+x+y+y = (x+x)+(y+y) = x(+)+y(+) = (+)(x+y)
= (x+y)+(x+y) = (x+y)+(x+y) = (+y)(+)
2) x2y-x2-xy+x+y-1=

1-2, 3-4, 5-6

(x2y-x2)-(xy-x)+(y-1)=

1-2 .. 2, 3-4 .. -, 5-6 .. 1

x2(y-1)-x(y-1)+(y-1)=

(y-1)

(y-1)(x2-x+1)

x2-x+1

3.

] 22+2 = ()2
] 2 - 2 = (-)(+)
] 3+32+32+3 = (+)3 3-32+32-3 = (-)3
] 3+3=(+)(2-+2) 3-3=(-)(2++2)
(2-+2) (2++2) !

. 36

:
] 2+10+25 = 2+25+52 = (+5)2
42-20+252 = (2)2-225+(5)2 = (2-5)2
] 252 - 162 = (5)2 - (4)2 = (5-4)(5+4)
252 - 7 = (5)2 -

( 7)

= (5- 7 ) (5+ 7 )

] 27 +54 +36 +8 = (3)3+3(3)22+33(2)2+(2)3= (3+2)3

3

] 273+83 = (3)3+(2)3 = (3 + 2)[ (3)2 - 32 + (2)2] =

(3 + 2)(92 - 6 + 42)
2

4. + (+) +

2
2 + (+) + = (+)(+)
:
+5+6 = 2 + (2+3) + 23 = (+2)(+3)
2

:
.

2 - 2, 3+3, 3 -3
22+2
332+323

1. :

] x3-2x2-x+2

] xy2-y2+(x-1)2y-x2y+xy

] 123+602+4+20

] 32x2-32y2-2x2+2y2

] 2-+65-56+12-12

] 3x3-3x-x2+

] x2y4+x4y2+x3y+xy3-5x2-5y2

] 2x2-2-2x2+2

] 2x+2y+2z+2 - 4x - 4y - 4z - 4
2.

(x+y)2 - 16 ,

(+3)2 - 1,

364 - (2 -5)2,

81 - (x-y)2,

(x+2)2 - (x-2)2,

(2x+y)2 - (x-y)2,

(+-)2 - (-+)2,

(4 -3+)2 -( - 3+4)2,

-(2x+3y)2 + (3x-2y)2

. 37

3.

81x4-36x2+4,
9x2-12x+42,

9x2y2-30xy+25,

100x4y6-40x2y32+44
1
4

6-63+9,

42-2+ ,

364-122x3+x6, z6-2z3yx2+x4y2,

644-802+2522

4.

x3+1,

3 - 8,

x2y6 - 125,

64x3 - 27,

(+1)3 - 3,

(x+y)3 -27,

125 -(-)3,

(+)3 - (-)3,

x4-16,

x8 - y8,

2x2 - 2y2,

5 - 5

5. :

1) 4+4+4 -222 -222 -222
2) (++2 - 2)2 - (+)2
3) 4xy(x-y)-6x(x-y)2+2x(x2-y2)
4) (7x-y)2 -4(7x-y)(2x+y-1)+3(2x+y-1)2
5) 4x2+y2+92-4xy+12x-6y
6) ( -2)2 -6( -2)(3+)+8(3+)2
7) (x+y)2 + (y-x)2 + (x+y)2+(y-x)2
8) (+)+( - ) - (+)
9) ( - )(2 - 2) - ( - )(2 - 2)
10)1+xy+(x+y) - (x+y)-(1+xy)

1. (x+y)2+(y-x)2+2(x2+y2)
2. (x+y)2+(y-x)2+(x+y) 2 +(y-x) 2
3. (+) 2- (+) 2 + (+) 2 - (+)2
4. (+)3+2(3+3)
5. (-)3+(-)3+(-)3
6. 2(-)+2(-)+2(-)
7. (x-)2(-)+(x-)2(-)+(x-)2(-)

8. 2(2x-)3-272x

[ (x-2)(4x+)2]
.