Newton's Laws Name: Eereeeeceeeeee Inertia and Mass Read from Lesson 1 of the Newton's Laws chapter at The Physics Classroom: |nttpr/www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/a2Ia.htm! Ittp:/wwww physiesclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/u2Hib.htsal MOP Connection: Newton's Laws: sublevel 1 1 Inertiais Sees ‘The amount of inertia possessed by an object is dependent solely upon its ‘Two bricks are resting on edge of the lab table. Shirley Sheshort sands on her toes and spots the two bricks. She acquires an intense desire to know which of the two bricks are most massive, Since Shirley is vertically challenged, she is unable to reach high enough and bit the bricks; she can however reach high enough to give the bricks a push. Discuss how the process of pushing the bricks will alow Shirley to determine which of the two bricks is most massive. What difference will Shirley observe and how can this observation lead to the necessary conclusion? ‘Would Shirley Sheshort be able to conduct this same study if she was on a spaceship in a location in space far from the influence of significant gravitational forces? ___ Explain your answer. Ifa moose were chasing you through the woods, its enormous mass would be very threatening. But if you zigzagged, then its great mass would be to your advantage. Explain why. Inertia can best be described as_. a the force which keeps moving objects moving an stationary objects at rest B. the willingness of an object to eventually lose its motion the force which causes all objects to stop 4. the tendency of any object to resist change and keep doing whatever its doing, ‘Mass and velocity values for a vatiety of abjects are listed below. Rank the objects from smallest to greatest inertia. ¥=30v/s, za2mis zaOmis Amis Ea3| Opera OjectB Objet Cleat (© The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 1Newton's Laws Name; Balanced vs. Unbalanced Forces Read from Lesson 1 of the Newton’s Laws chapter at The Physics Classroom: itps/www.physicselassoom.com/Class/newtlaws/u2tichtml hitp://www.physicselassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/u2Iid.heml MOP Connection: Newton's Laws: sublevels? and 3 Review: An objectat rest. An object in motion Heese unless. 1, The amount of force required to keep a 6-kg abject moving with a constant velocity of 2 m/s is_N. a, 0333 b.2 <3 6 ei £. . nonsense! A force is NOT required to keep an object in motion 2 Renatta Oyle is having car troubles, She is notorious for the tai foil dsops that she leaves on the streels of Glenview. Observe the following el traces and indicate whether Renatla’s car is being acted upon by an unbalanced force. Give a reason for your answers, Tabane FORT : : ee 20GB Yes or No Reason es ' oot Yes or No Reason: : ote Yes or No Resor 3. ach one of the dot diagrams in question #2.can be matched to a force diagram below. The force diageams depict the individual forces acting upon the car by a veclor arrow. The arcaw direction represents the direction of the force. The arrow length represents the strength of the force. Match the dot diagrams from 82 to a force diagram; not every force diagram needs to be matched. Dot Diageam(s): Dot Diagram(s): Dot Diagram(s): 4. Ifthe net force acting upon an object is 0 N, then the object MUST ___. Circle one answer. a. be moving. b. be accelerating ©. beat rest 4. be moving with a constant speed in the same direction 2. either cord © The Physics Classtuom, 2009 Page 3: Newton's Laws, 5. These graphs describe the motion of Carson Busses at various tines curing his tip to school Indicate whether Carson's vehicle is being acted upon by an unbslanced force. Give a reason in terms ofa description of what the car is doing (speeding up, slowing down, or constant velocity). 2 Recerca s 3 > Time Time Time Unbalanced Force? Unbalanced Force? Unbalanced Force? Yes ot No? ‘Yes or No? ‘Yes ot No? Reason/Description: Reason/Descrption: Reason/Deserption: 6. A free-body diagrams show all the individual forces acting upon an object. The net force is the ‘wctor su ofall these forces (ZF), Determine the net force and state if there is an acceleration. a b. « From = 08 Foomn=20N Fain 0N Fisict= 10 oN gue 20 FP etae =25N IF IFe. u Acce'n? Yes or No Acceln? Yes or No Acceln? Yes or No 7. During an in-class discussion, Anna Litical suggests to her lab partner that the dot diagram for the ‘mation ofthe abject in 6b could be ‘Anna's partner objects, arguing thatthe object in #6 could not have any horizontal motion if there are only vertical forces acting; upon it. Who is right? Exphin 8. During an in-class discussion, Aaron Agin asserts that the object in #6a must be moving to the left since the only horizontal force acting upon it isa "left-ward" force. is he right? Explain, 9, The diagrams below depict the magnitude and direction ofthe individual forces acting upon an object. Which objects could be moving to the right? Circle all that apply. +b oe 4 © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PageNewton's Laws Name; Recognizing Forces Read from Lesson 2 of the Newton's Laws chaptor at The Physics Classroom: bttp:/www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/u212a.html htepi/fvww.physiesclassroom.com/Class/newtlas/t2I2b htm MOP Connecti Newton's Laws: sublevel 4 ‘There are several situations described below. For each situation, fill inthe list provided by indicating ‘which forces are present and stating which features ofthe situation you used fo determine the presence for absence of the force, To facilitate this exercise, utilize the Net Force Help Sheet. Upon completion of this assignment, check your answers using the available Web page. bttpi/www.physicsclassroom.com/morehelp/recfore/recforce.hts Description of Situation Force Present T L orabsent (ai? | Explanation envy Por a | spring © Por AQ f) | sane ane EEE | Tension Por A? | (onmatt = Por Ag f 1. Ablockhangsabiest | oo fromthe cellingbya—fpyiction Por A? piece of rope. Consider | Het nas the forces acting on the | | Se eeeaeeeeeeeee eect black. [Airress Por AP | [Gravity Por AP |, ——_—______ jr Pox a? eee [Tension —P or A? [ Normal: P or A? 2, Abblock hangs from the ceiling by a spring. | Consider the forces. | Friction = Por A? | acting on the block whe itis at rest (atits equilibrium position). | Air Res: P or A? I! © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page7Newton's Laws ‘Description of Situation [Force Present 7 ‘or Absent (A)? Explanation [oravity Por A? 6 [eee eeetvia age fen i i | 6 Tension = Por A?_| (Normal: Por AZ | 3. Absllis shot into the aie | : witha spring-loaded | | fannon Consider the Friction Por A?_ | forces acting on the ball whileitisinthesit. i aieRess Por A? 7 [Gravity Por ae | E spring: Por A? HTension Por A? 4. Askydiver(whohaen't [Normals Por A? | opened his parachute | ‘)falisattenminal | a Torces acting on the | sive AirRess Porat | [Gravity Por AT | i [Spring Por A? ehemmmmin Tension Por A? | 5. Ablockrestson top ofa | Nommak Por A? table. Consider only the: | i forces acting upon the Friction Por A? | Bock | [aienen: — Poeat | © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 8Newton's Laws Name: Sareea | spring: P or A? a — 6. Ablockisbeing pushed | Normal: Por Ag | ————__-- ee ae | acting upon the block. | Ft facet | eeeccrae | Air Res. Por A? | Peete eee eeeeaeie t SS Yeager cepts Spring: Por A? / See eeeeeene ee ee eee c eggs ceeaeeeeeaae | ate ae Pein a only the foreesacting | teeta | eo aaeg ( eoeeeeeerae Cone rasaesy Ear \ Bed laqssnsnsnsestsssssonsssnsneeeeeceeeeeteg aS agen 8. Thedriverofacarhas i I Tn her foot on the gas pedal. | Tension Por At | —_—______— ‘The wheels are turning as ee the road. Consider only ine ce sie the forces acting upon f ele te ee pase ie eae | ; Scere scree © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 9Newton's Laws AirRes: aT TSG] EST parler | & ee ae atau loosely packed snow Normal: eee oe Air Res. P or A? Bw a | ae 10. Thewheelsofacarare | , | locked as it skids toa | Tension. P or A? Free eee eee eee stop while moving across | {| a level highway. | Normal: P or A? i Consider only the forces | T Es | Spring: Por Aa? | |tension Por A? | ‘well. Consider only the | Friction Por A? eee eee eee forces acting on the i pete eee bucket. P or A? PEE eee © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 10Newton's Laws Name: Mass and Weight Read from Lesson 2 of the Newton's Laws chapter at The Physics Classroom: |tp://www.physiesclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/a2I2b.htmlémass MOP Conne Newton's Laws: sublevel 6 1. The standard metric unit for mass is __and the standard metric unit for weight fs_ 2. An object's mass refers to___ and an objee's weight refers to__. Fillin each blank. a, the amount of space it akes up ’b. the force of gravitational attraction to Earth © how dense an objects the amount of stuff present in the abject, 3. Complete the following table showing the relationship between mass and weight Fat Eatladee 25 kg 4. Different masses are hung on a spring scale calibrated in Newtons. LS ‘The force exerted by gravity on 1 kg = ~10 N. f ‘The force exerted by gravity on 5 kg N. e oom cu The force exerted by gravity on 70 kg =~ N. 5, The value of gin the British system is 2 ft/se2, The unt of force's Pounds The anit ofmase the sity Use your weigh in pounds to PReadateyour mass anitsotsiuge, BY 6. You might be wondering about your metric weight. Using conversion factors, conver! your weightin pounds to units of N. (Use 1 N =022 pounds) PSYW 7. Whats the mass and weight ofa 10-kg object on earth? Mas Weight = Whats the mass and weight of a 10-kg object on the moon where the force of gravity is 1/6-th that of the Earth's? Mast _ Weight: 8, Conclusion: The of an object is independent ofthe object’ location in space © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 11Newton's Laws Newton's Second Law of Motion Read from Lesson 3 of the Newton’s Lawes chapter at The Physics Classroom: http:/www.physicsclassroom.com/Classinewtlaws/u21ahtml hulpufwwwr physiesclasssoom.com/Class/newtlans/u215b html MOP Connection: Newton's Laws: sublevel 7 1. The acceleration ofan abject i related to the net force exerted upon it and related to the mass of the object. In equation form: a= Pret fm. a direct, inversely _b. inversely, directly c. directly, dvectiy —_d, inversely, inversely 2. Use Newton's second law to predict the effect ofan alteration in mass ornet force upon the acceleration of an object. a. An objectis accelerating at a rate of 8 m/s” when it suddenly has the net force exerted upon increased by a factor of 2, The new acceleration will be mie. b. An objects accelerating ata rate of m/s? when it suddenly has the net fore exerted upon increased by a factor of. The new acceleration will be mie &Anobjectis accelerating arate of 8 m/s? when i suddenly has the net force exerted pon decreased by a factor of 2. The new acceleration will be __._ m/s. 4. An object is accelerating at arate of § m/s? when it suddenly has its mass increased! by a factor of 2. The new acceleration will be mis €. Anobjectsaccelerating at arate of 8 m/s? wien it suddenly has its mass decreased by a factor ‘f4, The new acceleration will be m/s Am object is accelerating at arate of 8 m/s2 when it suddenly has the net force exerted upon inereased by a factor of 2 and its mass decreased by a factor Of4. The new acceleration willbe m/s g. An object is accelerating at a rate of 8 m/s? when it suddenly has the net force exerted upon increased by a factor of and its mass increased by 8 factor of2. The new acceleration willbe m/e, 1h. An objects accelerating at arate of 8 m/s? when it suddenly has the net force exerted upon increased by a factor of and its mass decreased by a factor of4. The new acceleration willbe __ mie “These force diagrams depict the magnitudes and directions ofthe forces acting upon four objets. In ‘each case, the down force is the force of gravity. Rank these objects in order of their acceleration, from largest to smallest: > Cet etek Objet SON ‘S0.N- SON ‘SON a “t SON “ aN “ae SON 50 N 50.N 501N © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 12Newton's Laws Name: Net Force and Acceleration Read from Lesson 3 of the Newton's Laws chapter at The Physics Classroom: itp: www physiesclassroom.com/Class/newtlavr/2I8a.htal Inttp:/www-physicsclassroom,com/Class/newtlaws/1213b.htonl hutpi/hwww physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaw/a2i3chtm! MOP Connection: Newton's Laws: sublevels3 (front), 8 and 9 (back) Like Autbeloe drops a 5.0 kg ft cat (weight = ~500 N) off the high dive into the pool below (which ‘on this occasion i filled with water), Upon encountering the waterin the pool. the cat encounters a 50.0 N pwatd restraining force. Which ane of the velocty-time graph best describes the motion of the ca? ‘Accompany your answer with a description ofthe cats motion, © a B z Ql Time $0 Time 3 0) Time $ Description of cats motion while falling through air: Velocity Velocity Description of cat's motion after hitting the water: 2. Which one of the following dot diagcamsbest Tape A Tape Tape describes the motion ofthe falling cat from the : time that they are dropped to the time that they hitthe ground? The arrows on the iagram represent the point at which the cat hit the water. Support your answer with sound reasoning: 3 Several of Luke's friends were watching the motion ofthe falling cat. Being “physics types", they began discussing the motion and made the following comments. Indicate whether each ofthe ‘comments are carect or incorrect? Support your answers. Comrect? Student Statement: Yes or No a, Once the cat hit the pool, the Forces are balanced and the cat will stop Reason: 'B.Upan hitting the pool, the cat will accelerate upwards because the pool applies an upward force. Reason: “E Uipon halting the pool, the cat will bounce upwards due to the upwards force Reason: Page 13 © The Physics Classroom, 2009Newton's Laws 5. A20-N force is applied to a 1.0 kg book in order to move it across a desk with an acceleration of 05 m/sec, Consider frictional forces. Neglect air resistance, Diagram the forces acting on the book. BD: Oo x= Ey axe ae] 6. _A15-N force is applied to a 10 kg book in order to move it across a desk at constant velocity. Consider frictional forces. Neglect air resistance. Diagram the forces acting on the book. FBD: oO T= By. eee _ y= 7. -A700-kg skydiver is descending with a constant velocity. Consider air resistance. Diagram the forces acting upon the skydiver. FBD: Oo Tie eee EEE pe cece of 10 8. A3O.N force is applied to drag a 204g sled across loosely packed snow with an accelerai m/s2, Diagram the forces acting upon the sled. Pap: T= —_____Bly- oO : fiesta 9. An 800-kg cars coasting to the right with a leftward acceleration of 1 m/s. Dingram the frees acting upen theca. ¥BD: oO Te ——___ Ely. © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 18Name: Newton's Third Law Read from Lesson 4 of the Newton's Laws chapter at The Physies Classroom: http:/wwwe physiesclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/u2lda.htmt hutpswwvphysiesclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/u214b html MOP Connection: ‘Newton's Laws: sublevel 12 {A force isa push or pull resulting from an interaction between two objects. ‘Whenever there is force, there are tro objects involved with both objets pushing (or pulling) on each other in opposite directions. While the direction Of the pushes (or pulls) is opposite, the sirength or magnitude is equal. Ths is sometimes stated as Newton's Third Law of motion: for cvery action, there fan equal acd apposite reaction. A force isa push ot a pull and it always results from {an interaction between two objects, These forces always come in pais. 1. For each stated action force, identify the reaction force. Bat hits ball Man pushes car. Bus hits bug, 2. entity by words the action-reaction force pairs in each ofthe following diagrams. Ball Athlete Foot 7) Medicine Ball © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 23Newton's Laws 3. TRUE or FALSE: ‘As you st in your seat in the physics classroom, the Earth pulls down upon your body with a gravitational force; the reaction force is the chair pushing upwards on your body with an equal magnitude If False, corroct the answer. 4. Shirley Bored sits in her seat in the English classroom, The Earth pulls down on Shirley's body with a gravitational force of 600 N. Describe the reaction force of the force of gravity acting upon Shiley. a 5. Use Newton's third law (law of action-teaction) and Newton's second law (law of acceleration: Fet/m) to complete the following statements by filling inthe blanks, a, Abulletis loaded ina rifle and the trigger is pulled. The force experienced by the bullet is (less than, equal to, greater than) the force experienced by the rifle. The resulting ‘cceleration ofthe bullet is (less than, equal t, greater than) the resulting acceleration ofthe rifle »b. A bug crashes into high-speed bus. The force experienced by the bugis (less ‘han, equal to, greater than) the force experienced by the bus. The resulting sccleration of the bugis (les than, equal to, greater than) the resulting acceleration of the bus. cA massive linebacker collides with a smaller halfback at midfield. The force experienced by the linebacker is (less than, equal to, greater than) the force experienced by the halfback, The resulting acceleration of the linebacker is {less than, equal to, greater than) the resulting acceleration ofthe halfback. 4d. The 10-ball collides with the 14-ball on the billiards table (assume equal mass balls). The force experienced by the 10-ball is, (less than, equal to, greater than) the force experienced by the Ii-hall. The resulting acceleration of the 1Gball is {less than, equal t, greater than) the resulting acceleration of the [4-bal. © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 24Newton's Laws Name: Newton's Second Law Problem-Solving ‘Study from Lessons 3 of the Newton's Laws chapter at The Physics Classroom: ttpd/www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/a213cchtml |ttp:www.phystesclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/u213d.html Fr the following problems, construct a free-body diagram and show your work cleaty. 1. A rightward force of 302 N is applied to a 28.6-kg crate to accelerate it across the floor. The coefficient of friction between the crate and the floor is 0.750. Determine the acceleration of the crate. 2. During a football workout, two linemen are pushing the coach onthe sled. The combined mass of the sled and the coach is 300 kg. The coefficient of friction between the sled and the grass is 0.800. ‘The sled accelerates at a rate of 0.580 mi/s/s. Determine the force applied to the sled by the lineman. 3, A405-N rightward force is use to drag a large box across the floor with a constant velocity of 0.678 m/s. The enefficient of friction between the box and the floor is 0795. Determine the mass of the box. 4, A658 x 109 N upward tension force is exerted on a 521-kg downward-moving freight elevator. Determine the acceleration ofthe elevator. © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 25Newton's Laws 5. A basketball sta exerts a force of 3225 N (average value) upon the gym floor in order to accelerate hie 765:kg body upward (a) Determine the aceeration ofthe payer. (0) Determine the final speed ofthe player If the force endures fora time of 0.130 seconds. 6. Atthe end of the Giant Drop freefall ride, riders experience a large upward normal foree to bring their falling bodies toa stop. Determine the normal force value required to accelerate a 52.1-kg physics student with an upward acceleration of 27.4 m/s/s. 7. Ahockey player accelerates a puck (m = 0.167 kg) from rest to a velocity of 50 m/s in 0.0121 sec. Determine the acceleration of the puck and the force applied by the hackey stick to the puck. [Neglect resistance forces, 8. _A falling skydiver is accelerating in the downward direction at3.29 m/s/s. The mass of the skydiver (including parachute gear) is 672 kg. Determine the air resistance force on the skydiver {and accompanying parachute) 9. A.67.2-kg falling skydiver opens his parachute and instantly slows down ata rate of 7.2 m/s/s. Determine the air resistance force on the skydiver (and accompanying parachute). © ‘The Physies Classroom, 2009 Page 26