‘A. sanitary pipework system should contain the minimum amount of pipework necessary to cary away the foul water from the building quickly and quietly. It should not create a nuisance of @ risk to health, nor damage ta the building fabric, but it must prevent air trom tho drain or sower from entering the building under all circumstances, Reference should be made to current research in order to take advantage of all new develop- nents, Discharge pipe systems ‘The two-pipe system Fig. C1 In the two-pipe system, discharges from W.C.’s, urinals, slop sinks and similar soil appliances are conveyed to the drain via a main discharge or soil pipe. A separate waste pipe conveys the discharges from ablutionary and Culinary appliances to the drain through a trapped gully. Deep seal trans are not required on the two-pipe systom, Fig. C1 Two pipe system The fully ventilated one-pipe system Fig. C2 Where sanitary appliances in bathrooms and, kitchens are grouped as in tall blocks and arranged in the same way on each floor, the one-pipe system provides a simple system. All appliances ere directly connected to ‘a common stack and essential features of this system are the provision of 75 mm deep seal traps on baths, basins and sinks and also the provision of a ventilating pipe to which every appliance is connected, running the full height of the building. Alternative method of connecting ventilating pipe as fig. C2 (a). The modified one-pipe system Fig, C3 The modified system is basically similar to the one-pipe, with the exception that the W.C.’s only ara ventilated direct to the main ventilating pipe. Restrictions as to the lengths and anglos of fall of discharge pipes serving baths, wash besins and sinks are as laid down for single stack systems to ensure that self-siphonage does not ‘occur. All the appliances, except tha W.C.’s which have 5 mm trap seals, have their wastes taken through 75 mm deep seal traps to the main dischargo stack. 60 Fully ventilated one-pipe system Fig. C2(a) ¥ Alternative ‘method of connecting ventilating pipe Fig. C3 The modified one-pipe system The modified one-pipe vented stack system Fig. C4 Analternative to the modified one-pipe system has been Used in blocks of maisonettes of from 15 to 19 storeys, In these installations a ventilating pipe is provided for the full height of the building and placed close to the discharge stack. All the appliances are connected directly to the discharge stack, the waste appliances, being connected through 75 mm deep soal traps. To ventilate this system, short cross vent pipes connect the discharge stack and the ventilation pipe above the topmost waste connection of the group of appliances, concerned, This is termed “stack venting”. This method is also being adopted for multi-storey flats, where the connection between the discharge pipe and the ventilation pipe may be provided on alteinate floors. ‘Alternative methad of connecting ventilating pipe as fig, C2.(a)-—_ BeeirFe Ss = ee VV cr Fig. C4 The modified one-pipe vented stack system The single stack system Fig. C5 In this system all appliances discharge separately into a single discharge stack. All traps are unventilated and those on pipes 50 mm and below must have 75 mm seals, This system has been used on one and two storey houses utilising a 90 mm diameter discharge and vent stack and on blocks of flais up to 5 storeys and maisonettes of up to 8 storeys in height utilising @ 100 mm discharge and vent stack. By using a 125 or 150 mm discharge pipe, however, the stack loading may be increased. This permits the use of the single stack system in higher blocks. In blocks of maisonettes each type of appliance is Rormally found only on alternate floors, not on every Table C1 Minimum internat diameter of traps Fig. c4 4 The modified one-pipa vented stack Systom Fig. C5(a) py Modified single stack system fig, 5 | «ey Tite stack o dom floor as in blocks of flats. The permissible height (in storeys) for maisonettes may thus be higher than for flats with identical stack loadings. Sometimes, however, I moditod singe ask syston (Pm C8 C)) mey bs | \ necessary when self-siphonage is likely in some of tho branch discharge pipes. For guidance in high flats, reference should be made | to (a) Design Bulletin on Service Cores in High Flats — Sanitary Plumbing. {b) Building Research Establishment Digest 80 | (Second Series) \ Traps and discharge pipes to sanitary appliances Traps Every sanitaty appliance should be fitted with a tap eithor as an integral part of the appliance or attached to and immodiately benaath ts outlet. Al traps should be ecessile and provided with adequate moans of Cleaning and for this purpose there is.an advantage in| providing traps which are capable of being readily i fomoved or dismantled. The Minimum internal dige | meters of traps to various eppliances are set out in| Table ct Domestic appliances Non-domestic appliances Type of apptiance Minimum internal Type of appliance Minimum internal dia i Wah basin 32 TF 20 z j Bidet Pee 32 Tt Barwell a2 TE Sink 40 TF Hotel and canteen sink 40 Tee Bath a iT Urinal (owl 32" Shower Way a9 if Trinal (stall) TOF? 30 z Wash wb 50 2 Trinat (stall) 3 oF 4 & 2 Kitchen waste disposal unt a0 i Orinal (etal 5 oF 6] 5 3 i (tubular trap essential) Waste food disposal unit 50, 2 Tin hare enter Ti (tubular trap essential) {Whore move then six sas in one range mace than one outlet should be providedBS ES SB EBS B.C SN Section © Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage The design of sanitary pipework systems It is essential that taps to waste food disposal units, whether of the domestic or commercial type, be of the tubular type. Where wash basins, shower trays or baths are fixed in ranges, short, untrapped discharge pipes are ‘somotimes fitted discharging into a floor channet laid in or on the floor. Such channel should be provided with a properly trapped outlet fitted with a removable grating, Depth of trap seals Traps of W.C’s should have a minimum water seal o 50 mm (2 in.). Traps of other appliances should have af minimum water seat of 75 mm (3 in.) for sizes up to and including 50 mm dimeter and 50 mm water seal for sizes over 50 mm diameter, On the two-pipa system of sanitation, traps up to 50 mm diameter from ablution and culinary appliances are allowable with a minimum top seal of 38 mm (1+ in.) provided that they discharge into the drainage system through a trapped guily . Discharge pipes to sanitary appliances The internal diameter of a discharge pipe to a sanitery appliance should normally be that of the trap to which it is attached and in no case less. The intemal diameter of 3 discharge pipe from @ W.C, should be not less than the internal diameter of the W.C. pan outlet to which it is_atteched, with 2 minimum internal diameter of 75 mm (3 in.) The fall of discharge pipos should ho adequate to drain the pipe efficiently and in no case should it be less than What shown in Tablo C4 Waste Disposal Units The discharge pipe from a waste food disposal unit should connect directly, via a tubular trap, to the main discharge pipe, preferably one taking w.c, discharges otherwise the main discharge pipe used, can become quickly coated and finally blocked and will therefore require reqular maintenance, without intermediate connection to any other discharge pipe and the fall should not_be less than 15” to the horizontal, A discharge pipe taking the waste from such units must connect directly to a drain without an intervening gully trap, but depending on the main discharge pipe used consideration should be given to the installation of a Suitable grease trap. Where it is unavoidable that the waste from the above units has to be pumped, it is essential that regular maintenance is carried out to the pump sump. To prevent grease and solid particles forming, if no grease trap is installed on discharge pipe before sump, into large solid slabs, provide a chamical drip feed of'2 grease dissolving type, into the sump. Similarly, coating of the electrodes or controls with siligone will inhibit the adhesion of grease to thei surface, 62 Connection of washing appliances Fig. C6 Without venting (to stack or back inlet qulley) Fig. C7 With venting (to stack or back inlat gulley) ‘The discharge pipes from automatic washing machines, clothes washers and dishwashing machines should be connected as shown in Figs. C6 and C7, In Fig. C6, blockage in branch or trap will cause ‘overflow through air gap. In Fig. C7 blockage in branch or trap will cause water to be discharged through the ventilating -pipe. Therefore, terminate ventilating pipe outside building (low rise dwelling) or over another appliance. Offsets on stack There should be no offsets in stacks below the topmost appliance unless venting is provided to relieve back pressure, Offsets above the topmost appliance are ot no Significance. Where offsets on the wet pert of the stack are unavoidable, the following may be used asa fide = ) Duo 10 the Hydrautic jun, do not pemait any branch Connections ‘on the horizontal and provide ventilating pipework below and above the offset in order to prevent higher suctions over the maximum design of 875 N/m*. (2) The change of direction should be as ierge as possible (260 mm minimum). (3) Vent pipe, : diameter to be half of stack diameter, (4) No offset venting required in lightly loaded systems of up to 3 storeys in height (e.g. low tise houses). (5) Offsets gove highest branch connections do not require venting. The Sovent System ‘Sovent’ sanitary pipework system is a relatively new system tested and developed in order to overcome the negative end positive pressure problems associated with traditional systems. With the use of a mixing fitting, and a bottom aerator (Fig. C8) itis possible to install normal size stacks and load them above present limits without vent pipes. Fig. C8_'Sovent’ Pipework Fittings Vacuum System ‘A vacuum sanitary pipework system is based on the principle of using air, instead of water, to convey foul water away from specially designed water closets, The water from water closets is termed ‘black water’ and from waste appliances as ‘grey water”. Vacuum flushing ‘of WC contents requires only one litre of water and pipelines need not be laid to the gradients necessary for gravity waterborne installations. The vacuum W.C. suite, although similar in appearance, differs in construction from conventional types.” The bow! contains no trap but has spacial accommadation for an airtight outlet valve and flushing apparatus, Branches from W.C’s, stacks and_main sanitary dischargo pipework need only be 40-50 mm dia. The main stack, however, would generally be enlarged to the next diameter to ensure velocity of flow does not exceed the suggested limit af 10 m/s during peak loading. Pipe dimensions for larger installations would be calculated on the quantities of air required for removal of foul water, Branches from sinks etc. can be 32 of 25 mm with floor gully outlet of 40 mm. The special floor gully contains no water séal but incor porates an odour seal in the form of a diaphragm pressure valve. Special pressure valves, similar in principle to the floor gully, are used for connection to other appliances. “Collar Boss’ Systom Modified sanitary pipework systems have been developed based on the ‘Collar Boss’. I's design was, prompted by restrictions imposed on the connection between the bath discharge pipe and vertical stack ‘The ‘Collar Boss” allows the pipework from the bath to moot the stack above floor level at any point around its circumference. The ‘Collar. Boss’ and ‘Vented’ systems ‘enables the re-introduction of ventilating pipework, BY determining the minimum practical size of ventilating pipe and cambined branch discharge pipe, a convenient, efficient and economic assombly can bo produced. It ‘also eases somo of the restrictions that govern the position of sanitary appliances et. Fig. C9 “Collar Boss’ fittingSection C Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage The design of sanitary pipework systems Prevention of cross flow Opposed small diameter branch discharge pipes without swopt entries should be atranged so that the tisk of the discharge from one branch into the other is avoided. (See Figs. C10 and C11 below). Waste stack connections Fig.C10_Restricted connection area on stack Fig. C12 Restricted connection area on stack Example of permitted connéctions Main stack connections To prevent the discharge from @ W.C. branch backing up the bath waste, the latter should not be connected 10 the vertical stack within a distance of 200 mm (8 in.) below where the centro line of the W.C. branch meets the contre line of the stack (see Fig.C12). Where this cannot be achieved, the position of the W.¢. junction on the stack may be altered by the use of an“s’ trap W.C. an or alternatively the bath waste may he connected to 2 50 mm parallel branch enteting the stack below the danger zone (s20 Fig. C13}. Dosign of single branches and fittings On unventilated branch discharge pipes to single waste appliances, precautions mus! bo taken to provent solf- siphonage. For washbasins the risk of salf-siphonago is much more closoly dependent on the design of the branch con- nection to the stack then itis for other appliances. Deep seal ‘P* traps must be used and any bends on the pipe should be not less than 75 mm radius to the centre line, For a BS 1188 or similar wash basin, a 32 mm diameter waste pipe should be limited in length to 1-7 m (5 ft. 6 in.) and the maximum gradient should be determined trom Fig.C14. Waste pipes longer than the recommended maximum should be ventilated or 2 suitable resealing trap should be fitted. The length and slope of bath and sink discharge pipes are not so critical as the trailing discharge normally refils the trap. As a guide, 40 mm diamoter discharge pipes should be limited to 23 m (7 ft. 6 in.) in tength and the fall should not exceed 5°. It is advisable to use ‘P’ traps on sink wastes but bath wastes may have either 'S’ or 'P traps. Longer branch pipes may be used. if suitable resealing traps are fitted, but long waste pipes tend to become biocked witn sediment and ate onen very noisy in ction, W.C. branch inlets to the stack should be swept in the direction of flow with a radius at the invert of not less than 80 mm. If unswept branches are used, additional ventinig may be required. W.C. branches up to 1:6 m long have been used successiuily. (For further guidance rofer to CP304). Design of branches and fittings for commercial and Public buildings should cover individual ar ranges of | Contre branchinatto - bebslowtnis. point 64appliances. It is necessary to limit the pressure fluctua- tions to + 375 N/i*. (a negative pressure corespond- ing to about 25 mm loss of water seal from a wash- down W,C.). Where venting is recommended, the vent pipe may be run separately or connected to a vant stack. Vent connection should be above tho spill-over level and installed with a continuous fall back to the appliance. Branch discharge pipes serving ranges of W.C’'s do not usually run full, therefore branch venting may only be necessary where bends are introduced. The accurrence of full bore flow depends upon factors such as the length and slope of branch discharge pipes and the form of connections. Inspection and testing of discharge pipes Work should be inspacted and tested during installation, care being taken that all work which is to be concealed is tested before itis finally enclosed. Final tests should be applied on completion of the installation both for soundness and performance. Normally, the air test is used for soundness. but if the water test is applied, it should be used only up to the level of the lowest sanitary appliance connected to the system, and then only in new systems. When testing old existing systems, itwill be necessary to limit the pressure applied because ‘of shallow trap seals: the water test should not be used. Any defects revesled by the test should be made good fand the tests repeated until a satisfactory result is obtained. Reference should be made to Local Authority and other enforcing euthority requirments, particularly where pipework passes through areas whore blockages and Jeaks cannot be detected. In general, sufficient access should be provided to enable complete systems to be tested. Access points should be carefully sited to allow the entry of cleaning or testing equipment and con- sideration also be given to adjacent services. Traps and joints that ars easily disconnected can be an advantage 50 additional access is required only under exceptional circumstances, The discharge from urinals can give rise to heavy disposits, especially in hard water areas. Regular maintenance is therefore required and access should be provided so that all parts of tho stack, branch, discharge pipe and trap can be readily cleaned. Where the vertical discharge pipe has a long connection to a manhole, access should be provided at ground floor near the foot of the stack. In multi-storey domestic. buildings, access should be provided at 3 storey intervals or less. In public end commercial buildings ‘and more complex drainage systems, access should be provided at each floor level. The -discharge from appliances produces pressure ftuctuations and the system must be dasigned to retain adequate water seal in all traps under normal working conditions. The pressure effects that may occur are due to solf-siphonage, induced siphonage and back pressure. It may be necessary to Use a vet to limit the pressure fluctuations in the sys the acceptable limits. The effect of the flow of water ‘rom the appliance into the branch discharge pipe must be considered taking account of (2) The design of the epplian appliances increase the possi siphonage) (funnel. shaped ity of self- (b) The length, slope and diameter of the discharge: pipe Seal losses produced by effluent flow down the discharge stack depend on = (2) The flow load which in turn depends on the number of eppliarices connected and frequency af use. (b) The diamoter of the discharge stack Excossive soal losses can be provented by the proper and correct use of the design procedure provided. Foaming ‘The incroasing use of detergents produces problems in Sanitary pipework installation. A small amount of detergent can cause a large amount of foam when dropping through a discharge stack. It may be necessary to connect certain lower floors to a separate discharge stack, Commercial applications, such as. laundries, should have an independent system of discharge pines connected direct to the drain. Bends at the foot of detergent foam carrying stacks, should be as gradual as possible, ideally 2 No 135° large radius bends. The following recommended procedure will reduce the effect of foaming := (2) The discharge stack diameter must be determined, on the maximum discharge loadings required for each condition and building type. (b) Discharge stack to be a minimum of 76 mm. diamotor one type of sanitary appliance (c}_ Maximum loading of discharge stack not to exceed, £ cross section for peak discharges. (a) Avoid offsets in wet part of discharge stack and horizontal runs otherwise additional venting is required. (e) Soparato or combined discharge stacks (1) Up to and including 4 storeys — as current requirements, Fig. C14 Length and fall of basin waste. Design curve for 32 mm wastes and 75 mm seal P traps connected to single wash basins to BS, 1188 or similar. 65as Ba ase ss FF 4 ee, Section © Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage The design of sanitary pipework systems Foaming continued (2) 5 storeys up to and including 9 storeys— Connect ground floor appliances to separate discharge stack or individual connections to drainage system, (3) 10 storoys up to’and including 15 storeys ~ ground and first floors to separate discharge stack. (4) 16 storeys up to and including 25 storeys — ground, first and second floors to separate discharge stack. (8) Over 25 storeys ~ relevant practical results should be consulted, Air test ‘An air test should apply a pressure equel to 2.4 mbar (38 mm) water gauge and should remain constant for a periad of not less than three minutes. The water seals of all sanitary anpliances which are installed should be fully charged and test plug inserted into the open ends of the pipework to be tested, each plug being sealed with 2 small quantity of water. One testing plug should be fitted with a tee-piece, with a cock on each branch, ‘one branch being connected by a flexible tube to a ‘manometer. To apply the test, air or smoke is introduced into the system through the other branch of the tee- piece until the dasired pressure is shown on the manometer scale. Alternatively, the prossure may be applied by passing a flexible tube from a tee-pieco attached to a manometer through the water seal of the trap of a sanitary appliance, the test then being carried out as previously described Defects revealed by an air test may be located by the following :- (a) A.smoke producing machine may be used which, will introduce smoke under pressure into the defective plpawork. Leakage can be observed as the smoke escapes. (b) Soap solution can be applied to the pipes and joints, under test, leakage can be detected by the formation of bubbles. Capacities of stacks ‘Owing to the terminal velocities which ato attained in vertical pipes, there is e practical limit to the capacity of any given stack. In order to reduce hydraulic and pneumatic disturbances to a minimum, most authorities recommend as an upper limit a stack loading of about a quartor full, This degree of loading provides room for an air core to flow freely down the stack during fluctuating discharges. ‘The maximum flow possible at any given stack loading depends also upon the frictional resistance of the inner surface of the stack. Smooth pipes of copper and plastics allow slightly higher terminal velocities to be reached than in raugher pipes such as cast iron, This, difference in the final velocities reached is not, however, substantial enough to affect materially the discharging capacity of the stacks. Terminal velocity is generally in the range of 3 to 5 m/s por second depending upon the size of stack, quantity of, flow and discharges from branches. Terminal length is the distance thet @ discharge must fall 10 reach the canstant terminal velocity and is generally achieved within approximately «wo floors. 66 Where adequate ventilation is provided to the system, some small increase in the stack loading above one: ‘quarter full can be considered. Such an increase should hot, however, cause the pipe to carry a flow load in excess of one third full. Guidance as to the probable stack loading to be expected under any given conditions ‘or flow rate can be Obtained from the Graph No. C3. From the hydraulic conditions given previously and from experimental deductions, formulae have beon derived to enable the flow rates in tall stacks to be computed. Work carried out at the Building Research Station and the USA National Bureau of Standards has confirmed that a formula of the type a=kd? or KYe agrees closely with the observed flows in tall cast iron stacks. When the pipe is loaded at one quarter full, K = 3:2. 10-4 For ather flow loads the value of Kis a8 follows: 1/8 full K = 8-2 107+ 1/5 full K = 2-1 107° 1/6 full K= 1-3 107 where a discharge capacity in litres per second d = diamoter of stack in mm When K= 3-2 10° (5 full) the calculated values are as follows Table C2 Maximum capacitios of stacks flowin: Eee = nies/see. 1:10 2-00 3°25 5-00 710 12-30 20-60 Snot more than 7 W.C. Estimating stack loading Most methods of estimating the probable usage of ‘appliances and the flow loads on discharge pipes and systems of underground dreinage are, in principle, methods of applying the Binomial Probability Distribu- tion Law to practical conditions, ‘The probability graph, No. Cl, page 72, shows the probable usage, based on a mathematical certainty of 99% success, of various numbers of sanitary appliances for the given conditions or value of ‘p 1 where p= t= time in seconds appliance is discharging ‘T= time in seconds between successive usage of appliance,‘As an example of the anplication of the’ probsbility graph to 2 practical case, if 100 appliances each of which takes 10 seconds to discharge thaie contents are Used at 600 second intervals, the value of peered T 7 00 Reading from Graph No. C1, six appliances only out Feate® EB" nce van be sxoeeted to be found lecharing shruteneouly. if sion heave, Seca a ara tamara tow tse cach oppionce 7 aalsee Von the probable ow fond to be Gosonss forte 3 aattestaeo Discharge units In practice most systems incorporate many different kinds of sanitary appliances which may, nevertheless, finally be connected to the same discharge pipe or drain: Under these conditions it is more convenient, and indeed essential, to use a systom of rolated unit values which have been determined mathematically to make it easier to design for these mixed systems. These unit values, which are assigned 10 each appliance, are usually called discharge units. Any system of discharge units must, of course, be related to an ‘index appliance” which is usually given a Gischarge unit rating of unity (1). In the systom of units adapted in this publication, a domestic. wash basin, having the lowest flow rate and having a small probable usage has been adopted as the unit appliance. All other sanitary appliances therefore have discharge unit values Which are numerically higher than unity. Depending upon the precise usage of a particular appliance it is possible for a number of different discharge unit ratings to be assigned to the same appliance to take this difference in usage into account (see Table C3) Discharge unit-flow rate graph Graph C2 has been prepared to enable the flow load of various kinds ef sanitary appliances to be estimated either when in groups af the same appliance or when used in conjunction with mixed grouns of sanitary appliances. The axes of the graph have been given in discharge unite and the probable flow rate in both Imperial and SI metric units. To enable a rapid assess- ment to be made of the diameter of a suitable vertical discharge pipe for any given loading, the right hand scale, marked in both sets of units, can be used. Itshould be noted that the actual flow rata in litres/sec. (or gal./ min.) is tho roal capacity of the stack. Any discharga Unit system which may be adopted in design is moraly 2 convenient method of determining the flow load and thus a suitable pipe diameter. Drains receiving discharges from vertical stacks Permissible load on drains Whete a vertical discharge pipe is directly connected to a drain, it is recommended that the horizontal drain taking the stack load should be not less than 100 mm diameter and designed to flow not more than about ‘two-thirds full at peak conditions. This limit on the load, to bo placed on the drain is to prevent surcharges causing high suction in the system. Connections to drains Any diract connection between a vertical discharge pipe land 3 drain-should be made by means of a long radius bend or, if adequate vertical distance is available, two Table C3. Probability data and discharge units for sanitary appliances connected to sanitary pipework above ground flow rate 7 7 probebitiey diecharge Appliance secs. ___mins ° see. gal/min. W.G. (high level cistern) 5 20 0-004 22730 6 W.C. (high level cistorn) 5 40 0-008 2:27 30 2 W.E. (low level cistern) 7 10 0:01 1-82 26 12 W.C. factory (male) 7 3 0-04 182 24 45 W.C. factory (female) 7 15 0-08 18224 90 W.C. office (male) a 10 o-01 18226 12 WAC: office (female) 7 3 0-04 182 24 5 Wasi basin (domestic) 10 15 0-01 0-34 45 1 Wash basin (factory) 10 1 0-15 0-34 45 10 Wash basin (office) 10 2 0-08 0-34 45 5 ‘Sink (Gomestis) 20 25 o-018 0-75-10 3 Sink (canteen) 38 mm waste 80 20 0-06 075 10 2 Sink (canteen) 50mm waste 50 20 0-04 112015 16 Sink (small laboratory) 30 80 0-06 0-08 1 1 Bath (domestic) 75 5 0-015 105 14 6 Bath (hotel) 5 30 0-04 105 ta 18 Bath (hospital) 50 mm waste 60 30 0-03 2:27 30 35 Urinal (per stall or bow) 10 20 0-008 1-00 13 1 Shower (domestic) 120 io 0-20 0-08 1 1 Shower (public) 180 12 0:25 0-12 1:5 4 Note: Appliances having a continuous flow from thal outlote should have the computed flow rate added on t0 Ihe BR iecherge units fer thw ether ita, ied by using aa @ SOS Section C Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage The design of sanitary pipework systems Table C4_ Maximum number of discharge units to be allowed on horizontal branches Diameter of pipe Fail mm in tin 100, in so tin 25 32 tf = Not morp than 1 basin 38 1h = 8 En 50. 2 = a6 70 65. 2h = 7100 160) 75 3 110, 200 7 320, 90) oF 210 360 Eee ‘600, 400 4 400 650 1100 125 5 850 1500 "___ 2200 150) 6 7800 3000 5000 Note: The sum total ef the loacing units placed on al the branches must not excood the design leading permiszibie on the mon Gicharge Morizontel branches are designed to Hlow apt more than halt fal Connections to drains continued large radius 135° bends are to be preferred, This will help, to olieve back pressure on the lowest branch on the stack and also help in the prevention of detergent foaming, ‘The vertical distance betwoen the lowest. branch connection on the stack and the invert of the drain should be 460 mm (18 in.) for 2 two-storey building and 760 mm (30 in.) for taller buildings. Where this distance cannot be achieved, ground floor appliances should be connected directly to the drain. Ventilating pipes ‘The purpose of ventilating pipes is"to maintain equili- brium of pressure within a systom and thus prevent the destruction of trap seals by siphonage or compression, They should be installed with a continuous back fall into the discharge pipe in order to prevent a waterlock interfering with the free movement of air. A branch ventilating pipe should be connected to @ branch discharge pipe not less than 75 mim from the crown of the trap. In order to prevent cross-flow, a crosg ventilat- ing pipe installed between a discharge stack and a main ventilating pipe should slope upwards from the stack at an angle of not less then 135”. Sizes Tho diameter of @ branch ventilating pipe or of a ventilating stack should be as given in Table C5, but very long ventilating pipes will requite to be of larger diameter and guidance for thase is given in Table C8. Minimum stack sizes and ventilation required for houses, flats and maisonettes are set out in Table C7. Tablo C5 Diameter of branch ventilating pipes and stacks [Sbiathwtar or brant wcehages [PIpe or aischarge stack D ‘Smaller than 75 mm 3D 78 mm to 100 mm inelisive 80 mm Larger than 100 mm 40 68 Termination of ventilating pipes Branch ventilating pipes may be connected to a main ventilating pipe or be carried upwards either individually fr in combination with one another. Any connections ‘must be above the spillover laval of the highest fitting served. Min ventilating pipes may discharge to the open air or may be connected to the discharge stack above the spillover level of the highest appliance on the stack ‘The outlet of every ventilating pipe to the open air must be at such a height and position as will prevent the entry of foul air into any building, This is generally achiaved if the outlet is not less than 0-9 m (3 ft.) above the head of any window or opening into a building within a horizontal distance of3 m. Any such outlet must he protected with 2 guard of durable material wl does not unduly restrict the flow of air The sizing of long ventilating pipes The air movement in a system of discharge and ventilat- ing pipes is caused in the main by the friction force ated by the annular steam af water which is passing down the stack, causing air to flow along, with it, In any given system of pipework, air may also be admitted to the main stack by the branch ventilating pipes and through trap seals on the branches whilst the system is under load. In view of the difficulty of evaluating air movements precisely, it is usual to provide for an air flow rate equal to that necessary to fill the pipe aftor providing for the actual water flow load in the stack. ‘The air is also assumed to have attained a terminal velocity equal to that of the water. Ta provide for ventilating pipes of adequate size, the overall pressure loss due to friction in any given system of ventilating pipes should not exceed 26 mm water gauge, _ The diameter’ and permissible Iéngth of a ventilating pipe required for a system depends therefore, on two main considerations: 1. the overall pressure drop permissible and 2. the proportion of cross section occupied by the felling water.a @B 2 S84 42 84 = @ SS SS SB SB SA SE The amount of sir required to limit the pressure loss varies between about two and five times any given water flow rate. ‘Guidance as to suitable ventilating pipe sizes for various stack loadings may be obtained from Table C6, which is based on the previously stated pneumatic and hydraulic considerations. Table C6_Diameters and lengths of ventilating pipes Diameter of Proportional Bischarae Longth of ventilating pipe in metres discharge pipe Toad on ‘units am in Stack 20mm _SOmm 75mm 90mm 100 mm 125mm 150mm 50. 2 0-25" 86 70 300 0-18 100 45 300 75 3 0-25* 450 30. 200 = 0-33 800 25180 0-15 200 25 200° 300 90 ib 0-25* 00 15 110 = 300 0-33 1550 10 90 150 0-15 300 10 75 160-300 100 4 0-25* 1200 7 80 100 200 0:33 2200 6 40 90__—160 0-18 ‘800 25. ~«80 100 125 5 0-25" 3000 15 3070 0-33 5500 14855 0-15 1500 10. 20 40 120 300 150 6 0-25 8000 65 14 25. 80 200 0-33 10000 55 10 2270170 TO°26 the normal maxinum flow loed Table C7 Minimum sizes of discharge stacks and ventilating pipes required for various loadings; Dwellings Stack diameter Type. mm Requirements House Single family dwellings up to 9 storeys 90 Single stack Flats Stack serving one group* on Stack serving two groups on each floor each floor Up to 10 storeys 100 Single stack Single stack 111015 100 50 mm vent stack with one 50 mm vent stack with one connection on alternate floors connection on each floor 16 10.20, 100 65 mm vont stack with one ‘85 mm vent stack with one connection on alternate floors connection on each floor Up to 12 storeys 125 Single stack Single stack 421015, 125 ngle stack ‘50 mm vent stack with one connection on alternate floors Up to 25 storeys, 150 Single stack Single stack Moiconettas Stack serving one group on Stack serving two groups on alternate floors alternate floors Up to 10 storeys 100 Single stack Single stack 111015, 100 Single stack 50 mm vent stack with one ‘connection on alternate (bathroom) floors 16 to 20 100.50 mm vent stack with one 65 mm vent stack with one "Foch group consists ofa WC. bath, basin and Note: The above recommendetions apy connection on altemate (bathroom) floors connection on alternate (bathroom) floors nk, Where dwellings contain moro apoliancas, t may ba necossary 10 provide more vents, to Systems with swept init W.C, brenchos, 694 Section C Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage Performance testing of systems In addition to a test for air or water-tightness, evety discharge pipe. installation should be tested for Stability of the trap seals on the system, When subjected fo the appropriate discharge tests, every trap must retain not less than 28 mm of weter seal. Each test should be repeated three times, traps being recharged before cach test and the maximum loss of seal in any one test should be taken as the significant result. ‘The number of appliances to be discharged simultan- eously for the test depends upon the number of Sppliancas installed and the use and occupancy of tho building. Suitable figuras are given in Table C8 for dwellings ond in Table C9 for buildings such as office blocks and schools, For other types of buildings, €.0. hotels and hospitals, the sorvice conditions fie some where between these two, The number of appliances to be aischarged simultaneously to simulate these Conditions should be estimated from the figures givan in Tables CB and C9 and the expected service conditions. Dwellings To tost for the effect of self-siphonage, waste appliances should be filled to over-flowing level and discharged in {he normal way. The seal remaining in the trap should bbe measured when the discharge is finished, To test for the effects of probable maximum simultan- cous discharges of sanitory appliances, the number of ‘Sppliances to be discharged together is given in Table CB. For the purpose of this test, baths are ignored as their use is spread over a period and they do not ormally add materially to the peak flow. Where @ stack. Services baths only, the number to be discharged Simultaneously in a test should be the same as for sinks. The worst conditions occur when appliances on the upper floors are discharged. A reasonable test thoreforo is to discharge up to one W.C., one basin and one sink from the top floor of the building with any other appliances to be discharged distributed along the stack Table C8 Number of appliances to be discharged simultaneously for testing stability of trap seals; Dwellings Po Numbof oT" Number of oppllantes tobe = ‘appliances ‘discharged simultaneously ofeach: bo Nindon wi wos Pee sea. Public buildings (e.g. office blacks, schools) Waste appliances should be tested for self-siphonage 2s for dwellings. For ranges of appliances, combinations of ‘appliances as set out in Table C9 should be discharged, waste appliances being filled to overflow level. The worst conditions are likely to occur when the appliances at the top end of the branch are discharged. For ranges of appliances connected to @ common branch in a building where very congested periods of use may be expected, 0.9. schools, the figures given in columns 2 ‘and 3 of Table C9 should be doubled 1” in of sanitary pipework systems To test the stability of trap seals when water flows down the stack, the appropriate combination of appliances: from Table C9 should be discharged simultaneously with all traps fully charged. The seal remaining In the traps should be measured when the discharge has onded. Table C9 Number of appliances to be discharged simultaneously for testing stability of trap seals; Public Buildings Example 1 Determine the peak flow rate and diamater of discharge pipe required to carry the cischarges from ‘44 fats if the stack loading is to be limited to one-fifth full bore. Each flat has 1 W.C., 1 wash basin, a bath and a sini: 44(12+14+643) 4a 22 968 discharge units, From Graph No. C3 it can be seen that $68 discharge Units ere equivalent to 2 flow load of approximately 6-2 litres/second, As 6.125 mm stack at one-fifth loading can carry 8 litres/second, this size will be satisfactory. Example 2 Determine the peal e of cischarge pipe to receive the dischargo and 20 wash besins u: females in an affice block. 20W.C's (female) x = 90 20wash basins x 5 = 100 Total discharge units 7060, Tho flow rato for 1909 discharge wr 4 litras/second ‘As 2 100 mm stack at one-quarter loading can cary 7 litres/second, this size will be satisfactory Example 2 Determine the peak flow rate end diameter fof discharge pipe rrquiresl Ln carry the discharge from TOW.C’s, 16 urinels and 1 wash basins used by males ina factory, 10 W.C.'s (male) x 45 450 16 urinals x4 15 1Swesh'basinss x10 = 150 Total discharge units ae ‘The flow rate for 615 discharge units is approximately 4-6 litres/second, ‘As a 100 mm discharge pipe at cne-quarter loading can ‘arty 7 litres/second, this size will be satisfactory.= ‘The separation of foul water and rain water The separation of foul wator and rainwater within a building is recommended and recognised as good practice. Where rainwater is allowed to enter a discharge stack, in the case of a blockage, it can cause the building to be flooded with sewage. The practice of combining foul and surface water within a building is therefore extremely inadvisable or contravening the Building Regulations and Local Authority requirements, Grease traps are used for the treatment and/or disposal of grease laden water, Types available enables either the retention of grease which has to be removed at regular intervals or with the addition of special powders, the grease can be chemically broken down (actimatic type) Floor drainage should be provided whore drainage of water is necessary from adjacent or surrounding floor areas and direct to the sanitary pipework system. This provision should be adequate to cope with the operations and functions to be carried out in that particular area. Flushing gullies should be provided to overcome problems associated with cleansing of sterile locations or locations where cross infection may occur ‘once the floor is washed down. The contents of the gutly can be flushed away and replaced by clean water. Potato-peeler machines should be independently con- nected by thoir own discharge pipe, to nearest stack or diain and should only be flushed with cold water because of the high starch content. Vegetable paring machines should be drained in consultation with the Local Authority depending upon whether water sprays or sludge interceptors are required and where positioned in relation to connec: tions Methods of Waste Collection:~ {e) Refuse chutes provide an economic solution in multi-storey and similar type buildings. Adequate precautions must be taken to prevent enty of Fodents into the bin storage area and also to minimise the entry of flies, There is much to recommend tha installation of waste disposal units below each kitchen sink in dwellings. (b) Kitchen waste dispose! units are a means of disposal of wet refuse and for commercial and industrial use, it is advisable to consult spacialist suppliers, (2) Incineration of domestic refuse-can be achieved by ‘open fires but where this is not possible, the use of smal or larger units should be considered. (@) Sanitary towel disposal can be carried out quite ‘cheaply and quickly by incineration, maceration or in sealod units (collecting bins) for either storing for bulk disposal or utilising @ chemical solution to destroy the used towels. (©) Owing to its varied nature, hospital refuse should be disposed of by maceration (noar as possibie 10 the disposal source) or by incineration (1) Comprassion systems are available which reduce the volume from Jed to 1/12th. (a) Composting refuse in agricultural areas consider- ‘ed the most economic method of disposal. Refuse Collection and disposal methods used should be determined in consultation with the Local Authority, Sanitary Accommodatio: (@) Reference should be made to CP 305. The planning in most instances is performed by the Architect, who should be advised of special requiroments and where an alteration to the layout, within structural limitations, can affect ‘economies and performance. (b) Hand drying facilities can either be (1) disposable paper (2) raller towel (3) warm air electric machines. (c) Soap solution dispensers, fed from local or central reservoirs provides a ready alternative to the provision of bar soap. (d) The use af the spray mixer tap has produced savings in water consumption, economies in pipework and tual costs. (e) The use of corbel-type or concesled outlet type closets makes for easier cleaning, (f) The use of the spray mixer tap has fed to an ‘improvement in the wash hand basin. Hand rinse basins have found a ready use in general toilet accommodation. The use of operation other than, by hand has led to the use of removing taps completely from basins and this can lead to a reduction of cross-infection. (9) Automatic water flaw for hand washing, flushing etc. can be achieved (1) hydraulically, (2) pneumatically, (3) electrically, nnitary Plumbing and Drainage Section C The design of sanitary pipework systems [ [0 °° |)‘ in Graph C1 Probability graph Number e6esn o1qeqorg20 Graph C2 Discharge units and flow rates “(ny s0WeNb) syoes JeoNJ6A Jo sarowEIG 5 a Eg 2 8 g @ 8 g ef : aE ¢ E i arnuju sod suo uf ores mo1g eg 2 8 iS g 8 a 228 g Bg g a 000 5000 1000 305 OBO 100 9 30 25 puoses sad sosm) Ul o01 MOL 1p val Discharge units nSection © Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage The design of sanitary pipework systems Graph C3. Proportional flow and discharge units 2 3 4 res per second Flow rate in Diameter of discharge stack 14 7 8 Sins 000 6000 “+ 6000 1500 ‘00 600 ‘460 300 200 6 225 ni Discharge units on stackSanitary Accommodation Reference should also be made to CP 308: Part 1: 1974 or latest edition. Scale of provision of sanitary appliances: Table of minimum requirements Table C10 Office buildings and shops For accommodation other than principals, ote. Fiuments W's no urinals provided for male statt 1 for 1 15 persons, 2 for 16~ 30 persons 3 for 31— 50 persons 4 for 51— 75 persons 5 for 76-100 persons For over 100 plus 1 for every additional 25 persons or part theroof wos urinals provided 1 for 4 20 persons 2 for 21— 45 persons 3 for 46-75 persons 4 for 76-100 porsons Tor fernaie stait Tfor 1 15 persons 2 for 16- 30 persons 3 for 31~ 50 persons 4 for 51-75 persons 5 for 76-100 persons For over 100 plus 1 for every additional 25 persons or part thereof For over 100 plus 1 for every additional 25 persons or part thereof, but 1 in 4 of the additional fitments may be a urinal Urinals ie, 1 stall or 600 mm (2 ft) of space Ofor 1 15 persons 1 for 16~ 30 persons 2 for 31— 60 porsons 3 for 61— 90 persons 4 for 91-100 porsans For over 100 additional provision determined by the number of WC's {See previous item) 1 for 1 15 persons 2 for 16-30 persons 3 for 31— 50 persons 4 for 51~_ 75 persons 5 for 76-100 persons “Wash-basins trough or washing fountain For over 100 plus 7 for every additional 25 Bins, Incinerators or Maccerator units for sanitary dressings disposal the Oittens, Feel Th Tha Wash ter alao t0 968 S.No, 860, 6S. No. 968. Part 1 1974 Revised scales for sanitary accommodation in offices. Building Research Establishment, current paper CP35/76. ‘Observations were made ef the use of cloakroom accommodation in @ number of office buildings and ihe data collacted. wos Incorporated in a computer simulation mode). Revised scales for senitary accommocation in offices. are proposed, offering a persons or part thereof nie Atleast 1 per floor, preferably in or adjace Tfor 1 18 persons 2 for 16- 30 persons. 3 for 31— 50 persons 4 for 51~ 75 persons 5 for 76-100 persons For over 100 plus 1 for every additional 25 persons or part thereof {10 a sanitary apartmont 1 in every sanitary accommodation regularly used by females hone soa Railways Promises Act 190% ‘consistent standard af service. These would inerease the number fof urinals and W.C s provided for small groups of users but reduce the number Tor larger groups. Provision of washbasins would also bbe recuce, 7Section OU Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage Sanitary accommodation Table C11 Dwellings No. of persons dwellings suitable for ‘Type of dwelling Appliance” 2 «3 ~—«@~—«S__Gandabove _Alltypesandsizes ot dwelling Dwelling on We. 1 4% at TF OF . one level, eg. Bath 1 4 4 0 4 bungalows and © Washbasin 11 1 tT and in addition 1 in every separate W.C. flats Compartment which does not adjoin a bathroom Sink and drainer Breet aEeeeen ce Hate Dwellingson WC. 1 ae af FOF two or more Bath eerie eed Washbasin 91001. 10 11 and in ‘addition 1 in every separate W.C. compartment which does not adi maisonettes Sink and drainer a bathroom drainar s PEEP PEPE eee EEE * May ne ie ve hastooe, N Inthe private sector, a shower is equal to 2 bath (Public Health Act 1981- Soetion 33) 2m Seatland. 9 washbasin is required i every W.C. carmariment {Rosslation Q? (6) ove 3:9 Seutlond, 9 shower my be provided instuad af a bath in al chwlings ethyl pale (Roy ‘This table i based on “Homies for eclay ane tamozraw” (she Parker Motis Repon}) sn! Chestar S/37 of the Minisay of Hows Lica! Goverment, and thr tiew Scottish Housings Hanubook Bulletin No.1, Mise sv stanels, Atention is cceted 19 Ove Babin Standards (Scomland) (Conaliation) Regulations, 1374 where these anole Self contained for 1 or 2 old } We. 1 W.C. may be in bathroom: boosie LoBoe i Grouped faletforZiees™” — ( Washebasin—1.—_—Batoom within dweling seit i poor ee Grouped fine or singin Is We 1 seve ld porcos Washbasin 1 in Wc. compariment ath ba oe tna 1 to four taiae some tay be Sit baths Communal facilities Where communal facilities are provided the following additional provisions a bs made Eommon oom for soll sonained Wc, at ost] : of grouped flatlet dwellings ‘Wash-basin: 1 in of adjoining the W.C. compartment Tea panty ot kitchen Sink and einer _1._adfecontto common room iaurdryroom-orouped fade Sink ’ a Webring machine 4 Spin drier 15Table C13 Residential Homes Basic bed-sitting accommodation with other communal rooms including di 8 Baths 11015 Hair-washing cubicle __1_per floor Foot-bath + por floor wos 1 to 6 mon {each with wash-basin} . 1 to 6 women Utility room Sluice room 1 per floor Cleaners’ room Wash basin 1 to each bed-sitting room arate whiny anal WOE, Taelities for viilors should hy considered. Bacecion Ministry Health (Local Authority) Building Note No. 2 Forno for nly gl Soe alse 22.4 gf CPIOS: Part: 1974 Table C14 Factories Fliments For male parsonnal For female personnel wes 1 per 25, or part thereot. 1 per 25, or part thereof For over 100, add at rate of 1 per 40 — if ‘sufficient’ urinals also provided Urinals No specific interpratation of sufficient’. For guidance see Table C10 Wash basins, troughs, 1 per 20— clean processes 1 per 20 ~ clean processes or washing 4 per 10 — dirty processes 1 per 10 — dirty processes fountains 1 per_5~ injurious processes +1 per_5 ~ injurious processes Baths orshowers As required for particular trades or occupations Arvertion is called» th Fuetoriny et 1963, Tho Sanitary Accommodation Fugulations, S.A. & 0 1938 No. 611 anuFothar egulstions pniving 10 spociie trades or oteupstions which may require more axtansive provi Nata Attention is drawn to tha necessity to provide facies for the disposal of sanitory dressings Seo atza 2.2.8 of CP305' Pant 11978Section C Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage Sanitary accommodation | Table C15 Schools Firments ‘Special Schools Primary Schools Secondary Scheals A Tittings' T per 10 pupils Less than 60 pupils {Less than 1,000 pupils io, = 2 fittings per 40, or 2 fittings per 30 W.Cs + urinals part thereof, plus 2 additional fittings. More than 50 pupils More than 1,000 pupils ~ 2 fittings per 40, or as approved in each case art thereat, plus 4 additional fittings GE i= a ftings: Giri al tings. Gis = al ings Boys under 8 years Boys under 8 yesrs ptiona ell tna w options all tings Uinale Boys over 8 years — Boys over 8 years Baye— fa of Tamas fed of ftinge to bo fr of fitings to be tobe Ws balance to Wits, balanoe to bo Wc, balance fo be be urinals una trina Boys under 8 years — Boys under 8 years — Upto dids of ftings tp to gids of ings may be urinals trina Wash basins 7 per 10 pupile Wot lose han no. oF Wot less than tumber of fing tings Shower Sufficient for physical education Wash basin Atleast { Atleast 4 At ioast 3, (Medical accessible to WC necessible to W.C cecessibls to WC Inspection) Cleanoss/slop ‘least one ber floor ‘Atleast one per floor ‘Teast one por floor sink ‘Teaching and othor staff Some may be subject to the Regulations underthe Offices, Shops and Railway Premians Act, but for all members the Regulations should he used as a quide Table C10, Nursery Schools W.Cs 1 per 10 children Wash basins 1 per 5 children, where more than 50% stay for 2 mid-day meal or 1 par 10 children Bath sinks 1 por 40 children * Boarding Schools woes 1 per 5 pupils Wash basins 1 per 3 pupils for first 60 pupils 1 per 4 pupils for next 40 pupils 1 per 5 punils for every additional § pupils Baths 1 per 10 pupils Shower baths May be id as alternative to not more than half the number of baths Whore sanitary accommodatin for doy pupils iso 9 suc extent as ray he appraved inveach ease Note: Attention is cravin to tho necessity f@ provide facltise for tho digposat of eanitary diessings Based on the Staadlards for Sehoo| Premises Mequtations, 1969 (S.1. No, 890) as arenes by the Steicwds for Schoo Promises Schools and Minar Amendments) Regulation 1969 (8.1, No, 452}. For educational esioblishinionis not meaiansd above relurenes should ki rade to ths Department of Fdacattes an Requirements in Scotland arm based upon the School Premises (Gonvral Requirements) (Scotian) Resultions 194 Iso 2.2.6 of CP305; Pant |= 1914 sible to, and suitable forthe noeds of beardos, these requirements may be reducedTable C16 Cinemas. Concert Halls, Theatres and similar buildings used for public entertainment Fitments Water-closots Urinals Wash basins Cleaners’ sinks For male public In theat premises: Minimum 1 up 10'250 males plus 1 for every additional 500 mates or part thereof. 's, concert halls and similar In cinemas: Minimum 1’ up to 250-mates plus 1 for every additional 800 males or part thereof See also In theatres, concert halls and similar premises Minimum 2 up to 100 males plus t for every 60 males ar part thereof. In cinemas: Minimum 2 up to 200 males plus 1 for evary additional 100 males or part thervof, 1 in respect of each water-closat and, in addition, 1 in respect of each 5 urinals, Soo also ¢ For female public” Tn theatres, concert halls and similar premises Minimum 2 up to 75 females plus 1 for every additional 80 females of part thereat, In cinemas Minimum 2 up t9 100 females plus 1 for every additional 100 femates or part thereof. See also f 1 in respect of each wator-closet See also + Adequate provision should be made for cleaning facilities including at least one leanier’s sink Ik may be assumad iter tho 18a! audience vel consist of equal humbors of maton and < In cases of buildings or places (including churches, places of Fistorc interest, ete) where @ number ef people congregate, sanitary Accommodation should be provided having ragard fa tho anticated maxiium nurnber 91 people congragating thers Nota: Attention ed W 10 pravie facilifes for the cisposat of sanitary eseings. Staff Some members may be subject to the Regulations made under the Offices, Shops and Railway Promises Act; for other members, the Regulations should be used as a guide, Performers The sanitary accommodation provided will depend upon individual circumstances but guidance may be obtained from the Regulations made under the Offices, Shops and Railway Promises Act. 79ection G Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage Sanitary accommodation Table C17 Hotels For public Fiiments For residential public ane staff for mates for formats Wes 1 por 9 persons omitting 1 per 100 up to 400, 2 per 100 up to 200, ‘occupants of rooms with For over 400, add at'the Far ever 200, add at the W.C.s en suite rate of 1 per 250 or rate of 1 per 100 or part theroot Urinals = 1 por 50 persons = ‘Wash basing 1 per bedroom and at 1 per WC. 1 per WG. feast 1 per bathroom Bathrooms 1 per 8 persons omitting ~ ‘occupants of rooms with, baths en suite Cleaners’ sinks 17 per 30 bedroams — minimum 1 per floor Non-residential staff Some may be subject to the Regulations under the Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act, bul for all members the Regulations should be used as a guide = sae Table C10, Nate: Aitontion is drawn to the neeneniy ta provi Shoals 2.2.8 of CPO: Patt 1: 1974 inci for tw Gisposal ol sanitary ores Table C18 Restaurants, Public Houses and Canteens Fiunents For male public} For femele public* 1 per 100 up to 400, 2 per 100 up to 200, For over 400, add at the rate of For over 200, add at the rate of 1 per 250 or part thereot 1 per 100 or part thereat Urinals 1 por 26 persons a Wash basing T in respect of each W.C. 1 in respect of each 2 W.Gs and, in addition 1 in respect of each 5 u a ~ — Some may be subject to the Regulations under the Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act, but for all members the Regulations should be used as a guide see Table C10. 4 At may be assume tho Ute wl be equal noinere af males and fom This table is based on ths Technics! Regulations for Places oF Public bouidings which are conversions. the licensing authority aay parmit less th Joes nat excorst 200, tainment in Groater Londan, 1968, In the eabe of linensedt ‘these raquivaments. where the total number of persons in canteens. the noes for sanitary accammodation for persons using the eantoon should be determined by thy accessibilty of noimat workplace fociiag, but ar Ins} ne WC. with wash basin shuld be providod Tor cach se» “Attention is drawn (a the necessay to provide facies forthe dispoval ef sanitary dressings 2 Atiention is uiaven i the raquicamonts of the Foos Hygiene (General) Regulations 1970; the Esod Hygiene (Seotland) 1960, 29 of CP305: Pant 80Bathe Fitmonts for males Tor fomalae for males ter Tamales Wes T for 1~ 200 Tfor_ 1-100 7 for each 60 T for each 40 2 for 201— 500 2 for 107-260 persons persons 3 for 501-1000 3 for 251-500 Over 1,000, 3 plus 1 Over 500, 3 plus 1 for overy additional for every additional 500 or part thoroot 400 or Bart thoroot Trinals 7 per 0 persons = 7 for each 60 = persons Wash basins 7 per G0 persons 1 por 60 persons 1 for each 50 7 for each 60 cote . persons persone Showers e = 7 for each 40 7 for each 40 persone persons Susalgo 2210 af Ceo0E. hc Tare FF quarters Fitments For mates For females For nurses’ homes wes 1 per 4 persons : 7 per 4 persons 1 per 6 persons Wash basins 1 in each bedroom, plus at 7 in each bedroom, plus at in each bedroom, plus at least one with each group least one with each group _least one with each group of Ws of WAC of W.C.5 Baths 1 per 4 persons 1 per 4 persons 1 per 6 persons Hairshampoo — 1 per 18 persons. 1 por 18 persons basins inks. Cleaners ‘or administrative buildings Staff may be subject 10 the Regulations under the Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act, but for all members the Regulations should bo used as a guide — sae Table C10. anitary provision fo ‘runt alsa be considered) the type and number roquirecl wil vary with the type of Festal Sanitary acsommadation should us provided fag Both male and fem vi ‘associstad svt 3 rating t090 Noto. Atteniion isa th tvs necessity to provide facies forthe digposal af santary dassings, Table C21 Places of public assembly—Art galleries, Libraries and Museums Fitments “For mate public public For maio staff For female staff Ws T per 100 upto 4002 per100 upto 200 1 for 1-15 persons _ for 1-12 persons For over 400, add at For over 200, add at 2 for 16-35 persons 2 for 13-2 persons the rate of 1 per the rate of 1 per ___250 or part thereof 100 or part thereof Urinals 1 per 50 persons Nitupto 6 persons — 1 for 7-20 persons 2 for 21~A8 persons ‘Wash basins 7 to each W.C. or range of W.C.s Tior #15 parsons 1 for 1-12 persons. 2 for 16-35 persons __2 for 13-26 persons Cleaner ‘At least t per floor "it may bo assuined that there wil be equal numbers of males andl females a