Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Base
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1
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Setting
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Entity :
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Entity
4
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Entity
Infra red.
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) (
) ( ) ( .
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:1-1 :
:
) (Servers ) (Clients .
.
.
:Client Server
.
10 Peer to Peer
.
.
.
.
) (
.
Redundancy Systems .
.
Combined Network .
.
Windows NT Server
. Client
95 .
NT
.
: Peer-To-Peer
Peer to Peer
. Peer to Peer Workgroup
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
10 .
Windows NT Workstation Windows 9X
Windows for Workgroup
.
.
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Peer-To-Peer
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:1-2 :
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"
.
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: LAN .
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LAN
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Bus Star Mesh Ring Wireless
: Bus
LAN .
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. Bus .
Bus Packet .
Packet
. Packet
.
10
Packet . Bus
bounce .
Packet .
Bus .
Bus data
fail .
Bus . Bus Star
Mesh . .
Bus .
: BUS
. .
.
11
. BUS . " .
. .
Repeater .
: BUS
. BUS .
.
.
. .
.
12
:Bus
-1 BNC.
-2 185 .
-3 Crimping BNC
.
-4 T-connector BNC .
-5 T-connector .
-6 Bus T-
connector .
:Star
""
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13
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. STAR . .
. " . STAR
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14
: STAR
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.
17
."
.
:Ring
Ring
.
Ring
.
. :
. .
.
. .
.
18
. .
. .
.
:Wireless
. Packet
.
Cell . /
Cell
.
. Cell .
Campus-Type .
19
Infrared
.
Laptop Laptop .
.
Backbon Cell .
Backbon .
:1 -3 :
" "
.
.
"
laptop
Laptop
.
20
:
/ .
. / "
) . ( .
.
/ .
Access point .
) (
.
) (
BlueTooth
IrDA
)(SWAP)(HomeRF
)(Wi-Fi)(WECA
Bluetooth
Infrared Data (IrDA ).
21
Association
. )
( )
( . IrDA .
SWAP Wi-Fi
.
IEEE 802.11 IEEE .
. :
) (Frequency-shift keying(FSK .
Spread-spectrum 2 /4
.
Spread Spectrum
. DSSS
22
DSSS .
) " 22 ( FHSS
)(hop
.
FHSS
Hop ) "
400 ( FHSS
) ( . FHSS"
.
HomeRF : SWAP
HomeRF Shared Wireless (SWAP
protocol) Access SWAP .
DECT 802.11 . SWAP hop 50
.
.
23
. SWAP
:
Access point
127 .
SWAP :
) (
) 75 125 23 / 38 (
FHSS .
24
PCI , ISA
PCMCIA) ( . Laptop
PCMCIA PCMCIA
. ISA
HomeRF PCI PCMCIA .
"
SWAP . "
.
SWAP " " .
" Access point
. HomeRf
.
WECA : Wi-Fi
)Compatibility Alliance Wireless Ethernet(WECA
HomeRF Wi-Fi .
IEEE 802.11 .
25
FHSS DSSS ) .
( . b802.11 IEEE
.
5/5 "
. .
Wi-Fi :
) (
) DSSS 802.11 ( .
Wi-Fi :
26
Wi-Fi .
Wi-Fi " "
" Wi-Fi Access Point . Access point
.
Wi-Fi PCMCIA .
PCI ISA .
:1-4 :
) (NOS .
.
Microsoft Windows NT/Windows 2000
Network Novell
Unix
.
.
.
Client/Server NOS .
27
Server
.
Server
NT 2000
Client. xp 2000
Win 3.1 Win 95 Win 98 Win ME Windows NT workstation
MS Dos .
:1 -5 :
NOS client.
client/server client . NT
WIN2000 client .
Server . Server
Server
Windows NT Server .Windows 2000 Server
.
Windows NT Workstation Windows 2000 Profetional
client .
28
. Server
.
.
:
NT Acount Domail
Controller Domain Controller .
.
Domail Controller .
:1 -6 :
.
.
.
.
.
29
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Protocol Stack
. OSI
. OSI .
.
. OSI
30
.
OSI Application .
Application
.
. Presentation
. Session
.
) (Transparent
OSI .
. OSI
.
. Data Link
.
.
:1 -7 :
.
31
.
. OSI .
. .
:
OSI .
.
Encoding .
. .
:
).
(.
.
802 ) (LLC
32
.(MAC)Media
LLC .
LLC
.
MAC Media .
LAn MAC
.
MAc.
). MAC Address
(. MAC Address
.
.
:
.
Packet .
33
.
.
.
.
:
.
. .
:Session
. Session
:
Half Duplex Simplex . Fuul Duplex
:Simplex
.
.
34
)(PA . PA
.
:Half Duplex
. .
:Full Duplex
.
.
Full Duplex .
Session :
. .
.
.
35
:
.
. .
Application
.
. Session
.
:Application
. Application
... .
:
OSI
.
36
37
) 1 .(7
:1-8 :
: Server
.
.
.
. File and
Print server .Application server
.
.
.
.
38
.
. Spooling . Spooling
Print
.
Application Server .
Client/Server .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
Application Server .
39
Application Server
.
: MANs , WANs , LANs
) ( LAN
MAN
WAN
: LAN
.
:
40
LAN :
. . ) .
Client-Server ( .
.
) (NIC . .
.
.
: MAN
.
:
41
: WAN
. :
LAN
LAN
42
43
:Cabling : 2-1
. .
"
.
: .
.
LAN .
.
: .
.
. .
.
2 -1
300
45
"
.
: BNC
(Neill - Concelman - Bayone)BNC
.
.
2 -2
: 2 -1 -3 :
46
.
. .
) ( .
M1 M2
M2<M1 .
.
.
.
2 -3
:
.
.
47
2-4
:2-1 -4 :
.
.
.
2 -5
48
) . (Core
.
) . (Cladding
.
) . (Buffer Coating
.
.
Jacket .
:
) . (Single-Mode
) : (
) . (Multi-Mode
) : (
49
) " 9 (
) 1300 1550( .
) " 62 / 5 (
LED .
: 2 -1-5 :
.
.
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.
.
) (
) ( .
.
50
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) ) (Cladding
( ). ( .
.
.
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60 75 1300 50 60
1550 50 (
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51
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) " (
. ) (
.
. .
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. .
: 2 -1-7 :
52
.
) ( .
. LED .
LED .
850 1300 1550 .
: 2 -1-8 ) ( :
"
) ( )
( .
) ( "
" .
) (doping .
.
.
53
). (
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54
.
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( .
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: ... .
.
.
cross-talk : .
55
Cross-talk false
.
. .
.
/
.
.
.
T .
Detector .
.
.
" .
56
SC,ST :
) ST(straight-tip ) SC(Subscriber .
ST BNC
SC . Rj45 .
.
: 2 -1-10 :UTP
- ) UTP( Unshielded Twisted pair
.
.
.
) Shielded : ( ) Unshielded ( .
UTP STP
. UTP
57
.
. )
( .
2-6
UTP )(Categories
:
Type
Cat 1 ) (
Cat 2 4
Cat 3 10
Cat 4 20
Cat 5 100
58
:CAT3
Cat3 cat5
. cat3
cat3 . voice-grade
. 10Mbps
.
:CAT5
utp cat5.
100Mbps .
59
.
UTP RJ45 .
4
RJ45 8 .
UTP
.
.
UTP RJ-45 .
) (RJ-11 .
(Jack Registered:RJ) .
60
2-7
:STP
. UTP
STP .
UTP .
:
. 4
. 100*200
100Mbps .
61
.
:
1 .
2
.
3
.
4 ) (RFI
STP .
.
:2-2 :
modem modulator-demodulator .
62
.
.
1960
. :
2-8
terminal dumb
. dumb terminal
. dumb terminal DEC VT-
100 VT-100 . 25
80 .
ASCII .
.
70
BBS(Bulletin-Board-Systems) .
63
BBS
BBS .
dumb terminal
.
300 .
bps 300 30
.
BBS bps300
. :
bps 1960300 1983
bps 1200 1984 1985
bps 9600 1990 1991
kbps19/2
kbps28/8
kbps33/6
64
kbps 56 1998
ADSL 8 )) Mbps 1999
.
300 :
bps300 .
bps300 (FSK(shift keying frequency
. FSK )( .
)) originate 1070 )0(
1270 )1( . )) answer
2025 ) 0( 2225 )1(
.
full-duplex
.
half-duplex .
65
bps300
a . ASCII 97 10
01100001 2 . ) UART(universal
asynchronous receiver/transmitter
RS-232 . RS-232
.
:
FSK
. ) phase-shift keying)PSK quadrature
) amplitude modulation)QAM .
3000
.
K56 :
66
2-9
))gradual degradation
.
asymmetric digital subscriber
) line)ADSL . ) asymmetric (
. ADSL
.
67
3000 .
ADSL
.
) upstream (
8 Mbps )) downstream .
.
ADSL .
2400 1100000 4000
. 249
. 249
.
: Point-to-Point
dumb terminal .
ISP ISP
68
.
. ISP
. TCP/IP ISP
.
)
Point-to-Point
Protocol(PPP .
.
:
)FSK(Frequency Shift Keying :
ASCII . FSK
) (tone .
originate . " "
1070 " " 1270 .
Answer . " "
2025 " " 2225 .
69
. Full-
duplex . "
half-duplex . UART
) (RS-232 Port
.
) PSK (Phase Shift Keying .FSK
ASCII.
:
:
.1 :
.2 :
70
: ) ( :
.
:
.
.3 : ) ( .
)(
.
) ( PSTN .
:
RS-232-C 25 .
RS232 9
USB ) (External . .
.
71
:Multiplex
.
.
:
. .
.
:
.
: )Full-Duplex (.
72
/ :
/ ASCII
.
:
V.22 . 1200 b/s 600 ) (Baud
V.22bis . 2400 b/s 600 )(Baud
V.32 . 4800 b/s or 4800 b/s 600 )(Baud
V.32bis . 19600 b/s .
V.34 . 28800 b/s V.32
V.32bis
V.34bis . 33600 b/s
V.35 . .
.
V.42 . V.32 V.32bis
.
V.90 . 56000 b/s
X2 3Com Rockwell K56flex
73
:
.
.
: .
DSL .
:
6
) ( .
.
6
. "
. .
.
74
.
downsteam ) .
6 (
) (
.
: ) (
" " Cable Modem termination system)(CMTS
.
:
) (Internal )(External
. :
Tuner
Demodulator
Modulator
: Tuner
Tuner . ) Splitter
( .
tuner demodulator
. tuner diplexer diplexer .
tuner ) " 42 850
( downstream ) " 5 42
( upstream . )
( tuner
Downstream ) (Dial-Up
upstream . tuner
demodulator .
76
: Demodulator
demodulator .
) amplitude (phase
"
" . ) (
.
.
.
: Modulator
upstream
modulator
.
:
QAM modulator
77
: MAC
MAC
Downstream Upstream
. MAC .
MAC .
:
.
" .
78
)) ISP . ISP
) . ( .
.
CMTS
.
) (
.
CMTS 1.000 6
. 30 40 .
.
) "
(
.
)
(
79
.
ADSL
.
: 56k
FCC
:
.1
.2
).3(
).4(
.5
:
. : 3000 .
.
80
8 or 16 8 or 16 variable 16 or 32 8
# of bits 8
:
)( : . .
81
: leased-line
mainframe
: 1997
Phone.com ) WAP) Wireless Application Protocol .
.
: VDSL 52
. ) DSL 8 (
"
.
56 broadband ) . (DSL
: DSL
DSL :
. . (ADSL(DSL Asymmetric
" " .
82
.
. (HDSL(DSL High bit-rate T1 ) 5/1
( .
.
. (ISDL(DSL ISDN
ISDN ISDL . DSL
. 144 ) ( .
. ( MSDSL(DSL Multirate Symmetric
.
DSL .
. (RADSL(Adaptive Rate ADSL
.
. ( SDLS(DSL Symmetric .
HDSL "
.
83
: 2-3 :
:
NIC LAN .-
Modem .
:
Slot .
.
:
.84
. . Firmwave
Rom .
: .
.
:
: .
.
:
:
-1 .
85
-2 .
-3 .
-4 ) (Ack.
-5 .
-6 .
chipset
chipsed .
:
.
.
bios
.
TCP/IP sewer URL
URL IP . IP URL .
86
:
Mb/p 100 /10 .
10 /100/ 1000 .
LED HUB ACT
Hub .
Act .
:
Jumper
Jumper . Jumperless Plug
and play
. Jumper Setting
. Jumper D.S
ON OFF .
)(IRQ
87
I/O
...
.
CPU . IRQ3 IRQ5
. IRQ5 .
:(Microsoft Director) MSD
IRQ .
: Base memory
88
RAM
. D8000.
.
:
-1
AUI DIX 15
10base5 coaxial .
-2
-3
Rj45 10baseT
UTP Cat5/cat3 .
: Slot
89
Slot .
-
ISA
EISA
MCA
PCI
:ISA
ISA ISA . 8
MB10 . ISA1984 16
.
: EISA
EISA 32 .
: MCA
MCA ISA .
: PCI
90
32
MBit 100/10.
:BOOTROM
IC 28
BootRom.
.
.
Disckless .
Disable Enable
.
:
-1
-2
Chipset : .
: 10baset
10base2
100basetx
91
-3
-4
data transmition
-5
Cable Connections
-6
Led
-7
Bus Interface
-8
Wake on lan
-9
standby
Standby
Standby.
92
.
.
.
.
.
93
.
.
: 2-4:
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
E-mail
94
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (
.
.
.
. ) (
.
95
.
.
.
.
.
.
" " .
:
96
.
. :
.
.
.
).
( .
.
. .
.
97
:
.
.
.
.
.. .
) ( ...
Packet -switching network .
1500
. :
.
Packet .
.
98
) ( Packet switching :
)
(
"
" .
. :
Internet connection sharing 98
.
.
.
.
99
.
.
.
.
. )
9 base-T100 100
( .
)) ISP
. T1
1.5 .
ISP .
Backup ) " ( T1
.
.
100
."
.
.
.
) (
.
.
Subnet mask subnet . IP
255.255.255.0 .
."
15.57.31.40 15.57.31.52
.
.
101
:
.
.
.
: .
" : - - -
" 110
.
.
.
. .
.
.
102
."
) (NIC
. Media ( MAC
(Access Control
. .
.
.
."
... .
.
.
.
TCP/IP
.
NetBEUI .
.
103
.
.
) IPCONFIG 2000 (XP
.
:
.
.
.
) .
( ...
104
.
.
. .
.
"
. Packet
.
Packet-Switched network .
.
.
) .
(
:
Traceroute ."
105
http://www.microsoft.com/
:
Tracert http://www.microsoft.com/
.
) (
" . .
IP .
....
:
. 12000
.
) .
( .
106
107
Bridging Transparent
tress Spanning
: 2-5:
) ( )
( .
.
.
.
.
) "
( " .
..
108
LAN .
"
.
:
.
) (...
:
. Scalability .
.
.
.
. Latency .
) (
109
.
.
.
. Network Failure
. ) "
10 100 (
Broadcast.
. Collisions CSMA/CD .
.
.
"
. ) (
110
"
.
" .
.
.
.
."
) (
) ( ) .
( .
.
.
.
) ( .
.
111
.
" .
.
full-duplex .
half-duplex .
.
" ) "
( .
.
.
.
.
.
"
.
112
."
) ( .
:
. " ) Data
(layer OSI . MAC
) ( . ) (Network OSI
. IP IPX Appeltalk ) .
( .
.
113
2-10
Broadcast . Broadcast
.
.
broadcast ."
Broadcast
.
. Broadcast
114
.
Broadcast
Broadcast .
.
.
.
.
.
LAN packet-switching .
.
) ( )( MAC
) Lookup(
. LAN
. )(
.
115
Cut-Through
Store-and-forward
Fragment-free
Cut-through
MAC .
) . ( .
.
store-and-forward
) (CRC
.
. . MAC
.
. cut-through
store-and-forward .
116
fragment-free . cut-through
64 .
LAN
. :
. Shared memory .
) ( .
.
. Matrix ) ( .
MAC lookup
.
.
. Bus Architecture ) ( ) (Bus TDMA
117
.
.
: Bridging Transparent
LAN transparent bridging
lookup .
. :
Learning
Flooding
Filtering
Forwarding
Aging
118
2 -11
:
.
A ) (A ) (B ) (C .
A . MAC Lookup A .
A
119
A .
Learning .
B ) A "
( .
Flooding .
B Acknowledgement A .
B . MAC B Lookup C .
A "
. A B
.
Forwarding .
120
A B B "
B .
C A . MAC C Lookup A A
A C .
A C .
. Filtering .
Learning Flooding MAC Lookup .
Lookup .
. aging
. Entry Lookup
.
.
121
Entry Lookup
.
Entry Entry .
A A D
.
.
Filtering .
:
) (Star Bus Star
.
:
122
2-12
A C
.
)) B .
C .
A C .
2 -13
.
" " .
123
.
"
.
Loop .
.
2 -14
" B A B
B . A A
124
. A C )B
(C . B B Lookup
) . . (A C B C
Lookup .
A B A
.
" ) .
A ( A
" .
" " .
.
Spanning trees .
: tress Spanning
" "
Looping DEC (Spanning-tree Protocol(STP
. d802.1 IEEE
tree Spanning . ) (STA(Spanning-tree algoritm
125
.
.
STP :
) (ID . .
Bridge ID)(BID .
MAC
. .
.
Path Cost . IEEE .
1.000 ) (
. 10
Cost 100 ) 1.000 . ( 10
Cost .
STP Cost ) . Path cost
(
126
Bandwidth
4 Mbps
250
10 Mbps
100
16 Mbps
62
45 Mbps
39
100 Mbps
19
155 Mbps
14
622 Mbps
1 Gbps
10 Gbps
.
(Bridge protocol data units(BPUD
. BPUD :
. Root BID BID Root Bridge .
127
BID Root
" . BID Root
BPDU BID
Root BID . BPDU
Root Root BID
.
Root Bridge Root Bridge . Root
Ports .
designated .
. "
Looping .
designated root bridge . Root bridge path cost
designated ) .
( Path Cost
129
. path cost
designated .
cost path BID .
designated port non -designated .
designated .
BPDU
. spanning tree roor bridge
. Root Ports
root bridge designated
.
:
" OSI
) .( Data Layer"
OSI . (Layer Network) .
.
130
.
MAC
). (
.
. LAN
" .
.
) (
.
.
.
.
Caching .
131
LAN
.
.
: 2-6
.
.
) (Range
LAN )(Node
.
.
Star .
Hub
132
.
.
STAR LAN
.
:
.
1 .
2 .
3 .
133
UTP
) (EMI
. UTP EMI
CAT 5e CAT5
CAT6
PVC
.
Mbps 1000 .
Patch Cord
Patch Panel
... .
134
135
.
10
100 .
LAN
:
136
1 .
2 .
:
1
.
2
.
3 ) ( Segment LAN .
4 VLAN
) LAN ( .
137
: PDA : 2 -7
notbook organizer
.
.
.
. Personal Digital(PDA
(Assistants PDA .
. PDA Organizer
PDA
. PDA
138
. ) (PDA .
PDA Palm .
"
.
: PDA
PDA : )) Hand-held Palm-
Sized .
.
Palm-Sized .
LCD Touch-
screen . Palm-Sized
. LCD
stylus/touch-screen
.
PDA .
139
2-16
PDA
:
LCD
) touch-screen (
140
:
PDA Laptop
. PDA
.
PDA .
Motorola Dragonball SH7709a .
) 16 75
(
.
) (
. Motorola Dragonball
.
141
2-17
:
.
PDA
.
." Palm 100
).
98 . ( MAC OS PDA"
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