1 We can use ray diagrams to determine the position and characteristics of images formed by lenses for any position of the object. 2 Ray diagrams can be completed using any two out of the three rays of light. r Chip J—— Convex tens. “Concave lens © A tay of light which passes through the optical centre, of the lens is undeviated. @ A ray of light parallel to the principal axis is refracted and passes through the principal focus,F. © Anyol passes through the principal focus, F is refracted parallel to the principal Gray For the purpose of drawing a ray diagram for a microscope, the following procedures followed. ‘how the positions of f, and F, on both sides of each lens. Draw ray © through thé optical centre of the ‘bjecive lens untl the eyepiece. Then daw ray @ ‘tough F,reffaced parallel t the principle ai, reacted through F, before entering the eye. Then, complete ray 4. The infersecion point of ray ©, @ and @ is the top point ofthe image /, ‘Any two of the three rays O,@,and © are sufficient to determine the position and characteristics of the image. © A ray of light which passes through the optical centre, O is undeviated. @ A ray of light parallel to the principal axis is refracted and appears to come from the principal focus, Fon the same side ofthe lens. © A ray of light which travels towards the principal focus, Fon the other side of the lens is refracted parallel tothe principal axis. Draw the constuction ine @ from the top point of the first image through the optical centre of the eyepiece. xtend ray @ and the constricion line @ unti they intersect where the tp point ofthe final image formed. ‘The construction line is drewn without an arow. tis the necessary constuction ine to locate the ial image, Complete rays © and @. The extended lines for ys © and @ should meet the intersecting point of rays @ and @AstronomicalTelescope SPM SMART TIPS: Method of drawing a ray diagram for an astronomical telescope. Figure 555 sretereto. Step 1 .Stow the potions off, end Fon both gg Draw ray, which paral 6 and to Sides of each lens. Draw ta © though the 3 be reracted bythe obiectve lens to pass optical cente ofthe objective lens unt through the pent of intesacton of © and meets the eyepiece 2 ‘Step 2 Then diaw ray @ through F,, retracted and Draw ray © and @ refracted by the eyepiece travels parallel to the prindple axis before SEEPS a caval paced to ray @ before enteing —e" by the eyepiece and travels the eve. Extend rays 0, @end @ to infinity. rough Refresher ‘Comparison between an astronomical blescape and a campound microscope, Similarities {+ Consists of two convexlenses. ~} + The first image is real, inwerted, and acts as the object for the eyepiece. | Theeyepieceacs asa magnifying lens. | Goran astronomical telescope in normal adjustment, the fist image atthe commen focal plane ofthe | objective lensand the eyepiece.) | * The final image is virtual, inverted, and magnified. Differences Aspects i Compound microscope ‘Astronomical ielescope “ype offens Two hgh powered conver Ienses ‘Alow powered convexlens anda _ high powered convexlens Focallength ESE, t>h Fist image Firstimageis magnified _ Fist image & diminished | Position of final image Atthe nearpointofthe obsene/seye | Atinfty [Distance between lenses Greater than f, +f, 7 ~ | Equalto f+ Linear magnification, M Mal Condition of the eye when using] Ciliary muscles are atease andthe | Clary musdes are contracted. the instrument eyeistelaxed, Byes stained, Le a IE -