Piping (Nozzle) Loads.

Applying the API 610 standards

To A Centrifugal Pumpset
{Pumpset = Pump + Baseplate}

Presentedby: DougIngham,SulzerPumps(US)Inc.

API610{10thEdition}Requirements
5.3.3a

The pressure casing shall be designed to operate without leakage or internal

contact between rotating and stationary components while subject
simultaneously to the MAWP and the worst-case combination of twice (2x) the
allowable nozzle loads of Table 4 applied through each nozzle.

NOTE: The twice-nozzle-load requirement is a pressure-casing design criterion. Other factors

such as casing support or baseplate stiffness affect allowable nozzle loads.
6.3.5

5.5.1

5.5.5

The pump and its baseplate shall be constructed with sufficient structural
stiffness to limit displacement of the pump shaft at the drive end to meet
values per API Table 12 when subjected to (1x) API 610 Table 4 nozzle
moments.
Three factors to consider:
1. Pump casing stress. Total to be within ASME allowable. (5.3.4)
2. Pump casing distortion. (5.3.3)
3. Misalignment of pump and driver shafts. (6.3.5)
Annex F gives methods of qualifying nozzle loads in excess of those in Table
4. Annex F is used by the piping designer - not the pump designer.
It also goes on to say that user must be aware that the use of Annex F methods can
result in 50% greater misalignment than would occur using the loads of Table 4

API610{10thEdition}Requirements
6.3.6

If specified, the vendor shall test to demonstrate that the pump and its
baseplate assembly, anchored at foundation bolt hole locations, are in
compliance with 6.3.5. The pump casing shall be subjected to moments MYC
and MZC applied to either nozzle, but not both, such that the corresponding
shaft displacements can be measured and recorded. MYC and MZC shall not
be applied simultaneously to either nozzle. The shaft displacement
measurements shall be absolute (not relative to the baseplate).

DY
DZ

0.003" max

0.007" max

NozzleLoadTestatPumpVendor'sFacility
MomentsMYC&MZCareappliedviaahydraulicallyoperatedrotaryactuator.
Shaftendmovementsaremeasuredviadialindicators.
AppliedmomenttosuctionnozzleforMy
Nozzle

Size(in)

MY(ftlb)

Suction

10

1800

MZ(ftlb)
2800

Discharge

870

1300

Calculated Moment Loads (ft- lbs)

MYc = MY (discharge) + MY (suction) = 870 + 1800 = 2670
MZc = MZ (discharge) + MZ (suction) = 1300 + 2800 = 4100

MeasuredeflectioncausedbyMy

Loading

MYc

MZc

Momentapplied (ftlb)

2708

4166

Shaftdisplacement
Dialindicator

(in)

LoadingCondition
MYc
MZc

DZ

DY

0.0008

0.0005

Maximumallowablepumpshaftdisplacements(in)
Baseintendedforgrout

Ungroutedtypebase

DZ=0.007

N/A

DY=0.003

N/A

Purchaser'sRequirements
To reduce the complexity / cost of the supply / return piping design layout,
purchasers request that pump suppliers modify the pumpset to
accommodate higher nozzle loads.
Question:
Whenapurchaserspecifiesthatthepumpallowablenozzleloadsshallbetwice(2x)Table4
values Whatdoesthisactuallymean?
Option1):
A2xmultipliermustbeappliedtoallparagraphsinAPI610thatpertaintoTable4nozzleloads:
5.3.3aThepressurecasingshallbedesignedtooperatewithoutleakageorinternalcontact betweenrotatingand
stationarycomponentswhilesubjectsimultaneously totheMAWP andtheworstcasecombinationoffourtimes (4x)
theallowablenozzleloadsofTable4appliedthrougheachnozzle.
6.3.5 Thepumpanditsbaseplateshallbeconstructedwithsufficient structuralstiffnesstolimitdisplacementofthe
pumpshaftatthedriveend tomeetvaluesperAPITable12whensubjectedto(2x)API610Table4nozzlemoments.
F.1.2a)Theindividualcomponentforcesandmomentsactingoneachpumpnozzleflangeshallnotexceedtherange
specifiedinTable4byafactormorethan4.
Option2):
A2xmultiplierisonlyappliedtotheshaftdeflectioncriteria:
6.3.5 Thepumpanditsbaseplateshallbeconstructedwithsufficient structuralstiffnesstolimitdisplacementofthe
pumpshaftatthedriveend tomeetvaluesperAPITable12whensubjectedto(2x)API610Table4nozzlemoments.

ChallengesForPumpVendor
Whenpurchasersmandatetheacceptanceofnozzleloadsinexcess ofAPI610
Table4thepumpvendormaybeabletomeettheserequirements,however,this
provisionwillrequireadditionalanalysis,whichmayincludea3DcasingFinite
ElementAnalysis(FEA)atadditionalcostandincreasedleadtime.
Thepumppressurecasingmayneedtobemodified.
ASMEflangeratingsmayneedtobeincreased.{Useclass600#on apumpwithaMAWP
of740psig}.
Pumppedestalandbaseplatesubframedesignwillneedtobemodified.
Analyticalstudiesmayfindthatitisnotpossibletomeetacceptancecriteriaforreliable
operationunderthespecifiedhighnozzleloadconditions.

Non-Standard Pump Nozzle

Loads = Not a simple task:

Pump Support [Baseplate] Stiffness Evaluation

Thepumpisconsideredstifffortheanalysis.

Unitloadsareindividuallyappliedtothe"stiffnesscenter"of thepump
Thestiffnesscenteriswherethenozzlesmeetthepumpcasing;thenozzlescanbeconsideredtooriginatefromthispoint
andconnecttothepipingforthepipinganalysis.

Locationofnozzlesfromthestiffnesscenter(APIcoordinatesystemwasused).
Thebaseplatewasanalyzedwithandwithoutgrout.

Withgrout,thebaseplatewasheldattheanchorboltlocationsandattheundersideofthebaseplatesimulatingbonded
epoxygrout
Withoutgrout,thebaseplatewasheldattheanchorboltsonly.

FEAmodelofbaseplate&pumpwithAPIcoordinatesystem

PumpSupport[Baseplate]StiffnessEvaluationResults
Providecustomer/pipingdesignerwiththeinformationbelowandrequestrecalculation
ofappliednozzleloads,consideringthenonrigidpumpsupportstiffness:

Load,Displacement,andStiffnessvaluesforBaseplate&Pump

3-Dimensional FEA of Pump Case - Example

Whenconsideringacceptabilityofnozzleloadsinexcessof2xAPI610
values,theaforementionedeffectsneedtobeinvestigated.
Afiniteelementmodelofa20x24x32HSBcasingwasusedto
investigatetheeffectofhighnozzleloadsontocasingstresses and
deflections.

3-Dimensional FEA of Pump Case - Example

Thefiniteelementmodelwassubjectedto2,4,6and8timesAPI610Table4nozzleloads.
Foreachloadingconditionthemodelwascheckedfor:
Casingstresses(absoluteandchange)
Casedeformationaroundrotorseals.
Casetightness/potentialforleakage
Pumpholddownboltstresses

3-Dimensional FEA of Pump Case - Example

Severalareasofconcernwerechosenforobservationateachnozzleloading
condition.Theselocationstypicallyexhibitedhigherconcentrationofstressthan
itssurroundingareas.Linearizedstresspathswereinsertedattheselocations.
Stressdistributionovertheentirebodywasobservedforabrupt changesbetween
nozzleloadings.

3-Dimensional FEA of Pump Case - Stress Results

CaseMaterial
A216Gr.WCB

Properties(psi)
36,000Yield
70,000Tensile

Conclusion:Nozzleloadingsdonotsignificantlyinfluencestressesinthelowercasehalf.

3-Dimensional FEA of Pump Case - Stress Results

Upper Case
#1

Upper Case
#2

CaseMaterial
A216Gr.WCB

Properties(psi)
36,000Yield
70,000Tensile

Ze ro Loa ding
Internal Pressure
Only (1480 psi)

psi

2X API
% change

32,421
19,190

32,883
18,575

NOZZLE LOADINGS
4X API
psi
% change

psi

6X API
% change

psi

8X API
% change

UPPER CASE HALF

STRESSES
[Membrane + Bending]
Pump
Foot
UpperCase#2
LowerCase#1
UpperCase#1

1.43
-3.20

32,762
19,115

1.05
-0.39

31,794
19,087

-1.93
-0.54

32,523
18,723

0.31
-2.43

Conclusion:Nozzleloadingsdonotsignificantlyinfluencestressesintheuppercasehalf.

3-Dimensional FEA of Pump Case - Deformation Evaluation

3-Dimensional FEA of Pump Case - Deformation Evaluation

Conclusion:Stationarywearringdoesnotcomeintocontactwith impellereyeringunder
anytestedloadingcondition.

3-Dimensional FEA of Pump Case - Gasket Tightness Evaluation

Gasketcontactpressure
mustbemaintainedwhen
thecaseissubjected
distortionduetointernal
pressureandnozzleloads.

Pumpvendorshavespecific
criteriathatneedstobe
checked.

3-Dimensional FEA of Pump Case - Gasket Tightness Evaluation

Conclusion:
1.)Gasketpressuresaroundthepartingflangeboltholesandmechanicalsealboreare>=2xmaximum
internalpressure.(Internalpressureis1480psi).
2.)Noleakageisexpectedfor2x,4x,6xand8xAPI610nozzleloads.Relativechangebetweenload
casesisinsignificant.

3-Dimensional FEA of Pump Case - Hold-Down Bolt Evaluation

BoltMaterial
SAEGr.5

Properties
(psi)
58,000Yield
90,000Tensile

Conclusion:Holddownboltsdonotexperienceanysignificantchangeinstress.