THE ROAD SURFACE

TREATMENTS ASSOCIATION

Surface Dressing & Micro-Surfacing

Dr Howard Robinson
Chief Executive

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Surface Dressing
Long History of Use

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Surface Dressing
Performs 2 functions which relate directly to the essential
requirements in the European CPD
Safety Skid Resistance
Increases macro & micro texture with minimum usage of
scare high quality aggregate
Durability Preventative Maintenance
Seals underlying surface from ingress of water and air

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Surface Dressing
techniques
Single Dressing
Racked-In
Double Dressing
Sandwich Dressing

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Surface Dressing
Applications

Carriageways

Footways

Cycleways

Car parks

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Finite Resource Consumption

Treatment composition kg/m2
Material

Single
Dressing

Double
Dressing

40mm
Asphalt
Surfacing

Binder

1.0

1.5

6.0

Aggregate

12.0

21.0

93.0

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Comparative Costs and Life

Type

Application

/m2
+/10%

ExpectedLife
years

6mmSingleSurfaceDressing

Estateroads,ruralareas

1.50

7 10

10&6mmRackedInDressing

Urbanroads,quieter

1.80

7 10

14&6mmDoubleSurface
Dressing(relativelynew)

Busyurbanroads,higher
stress,gradient,bend

2.20

7 10

Prepatchingadditionalcost

Rural,urbanroads

1.00 1.50

MicroAsphalt14mm

MainlyUrbanlocations

3.00

7 12

Microasphalt+regulating+
ironworksraised

MainlyUrbanlocations

3.50 4.00

7 12

HighFrictionSurfacing

Highstressareas

9 12

5 10

Retexturing bushhammer

Anywhereexposed
aggregates

2 3

3 5

GilsonitePreservative

Anywhere

0.8 1

3 5

AsphaltReinforcement
Geocomposites/Geotextiles

Urban,trunkroads

5 8

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n/a

Increaseslifeby
factorof4

Surface Dressing
Extending time to structural maintenance
S o u rc e : A s p h a lt S u rfa c in g s , S tev e n S t J oh n

O v e ra ll
c o n d itio n
G ood

S u rfa c e d re s s ing
S u rfa c e d re s s in g
D e fe c ts v is ib le
P a tc h in g

Poor

R e c o n s tru c tio n

10
11
Y e a rs

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

O v e ra ll
c o n d itio n
G ood

S u rfa c e d re s s ing
S u rfa c e d re s s in g

Poor

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Y e a rs

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Carbon Footprint
Work ongoing at University of Nottingham to develop process
maps and capture energy data for a range of surface
treatments that can then be fed into asPECT
Asphalt Pavement Embodied Carbon Tool

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Quality Control

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Chipping Spread Rate Test

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Binder Spread Rate Test

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Carpet Tile Spray Bar Test

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Specification
SHW Clause 922
BSEN 12271
PD6689

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Procurement
Method 1

Specified by end product performance - Cl 922 of SHW

Method 2

Specified by recipe - Cl 919 of SHW

Method 1 defines a product and therefore the Construction Product

Regulation applies and BSEN12271

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Clause 922
Thecontractormust...
Produceadesigntoachievealevelofperformancee.g.
macrotextureandalsoadesignlife
InstalladressingthatmeetsrequirementsofNHSS13a
Provideaqualityplan
BecompliantwithBSEN12271
Providea2yrguarantee
Provideevidencehisspraytankerandchippingmachinecan
achievethedesiredrateandaccuracyofspread
ProduceaselfcertifiedTAIT
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BSEN 12271
EffectiveinUKfromJanuary2011
PD6689providesUKguidance
Specifiesarangeofpropertiesandcategoriesto
enableappropriatelimitingvaluestobesetfora
widerangeofuses
CEMarkingcurrentlynotmandatoryinUK

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PD 6689 Constituent Materials

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Binders
UnmodifiedbindersmustconformtoBSEN13808
emulsions
PMBsareproprietarymaterialsandClauses919and
922requirethesetohaveBBAHAPAScertificates
BSEN12271includesameasureofbindercohesion
(VialitTest)

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Modified Binders
VialitPendulumCohesion

Vialit Cohesion BS EN 13588

HA SHW Clause 939
Grades (minimum Peak Cohesion):
Super premium binder 1.4J/cm2
Premium binder

1.2J/cm2

Intermediate

1.0J/cm2

Unmodified*

0.7J/cm2

*threshold level for guidance only

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PD 6689 Aggregates
HD36adviseswhatPSVandAAVtobeusedonasitebysite
basis. ThePSVisrequiredtoensurethedurabilityof
skiddingresistance
AggregatesusedinsurfacedressingshouldconformtoBSEN
13043
RecommendationsforgradingsofchippingsareinPD6682
2:2009,Table4
BSEN13043alsorecommendsthat,forsurfacedressing,the
finescontentshouldbef1(i.e.notmorethan1%passing
0.063mmsieve)

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PD 6689 Performance Criteria

PerformancecategoriesinPD6689havebeenchosenfrom
BSEN12271:2006,Table2
TheserecommendationsrelatetheHAUCroadtypestogether
withthedesignclassificationsfromRN39

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EN 12271:2006(E) - Table 2

Type Approval Installation Trial (TAIT)

TAITsarethemeansbywhichaproducer
demonstratestheabilitytodesignandinstallagroup
orfamilyofsurfacetreatmentsmeetingtherequired
performancecharacteristics
TAITscanalsobeusedasthebasisforCEmarking

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Type Approval Installation Trial

Recommended Portfolio

TAITs are the responsibility of the producer and

must be verified by a notified body
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Factory Production Control (FPC)

BSEN12271specifiesaFPCsystem aroutetoCEmarking
FPCensuresthedesignprocedureisdocumented,therelevantcontrols
andtestsarecarriedoutatminimumfrequencyandrecordsarekept
AllproducersaccreditedtoNHSS13amusthaveaQAsystemwhich
meetsFPCrequirementsandareaccreditedbynotifiedbodies
TheSectorSchemeisarequirementoftheSHWandrequiresproducers
todemonstratethecompetenceoftheirworkforce
ThereisascheduleofsuppliersaccreditedtoNHSS13amaintainedby
Lantra
Theattestationofconformityis2+

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Surface Dressing Design Guide

Design Input Data

SurfaceTemperatureCategory
RoadHardness
Traffic
Geometry
Chippingproperties

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Surface Temperature Category

Table 7.2.1 - Approximate Surface Temperature Categories

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Road Hardness Category

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Road Hardness Category

22

Probe penetration (mm)

20
very soft

18
16
14

soft

12
10
normal

8
6

hard

4
2

very hard

0
10

15

20

25

30

Road surface temperature (C)

Category B
Figure 7.2.2 Hardness categories from depth of penetration and road
surface temperature for Different Surface Temperature Categories

35

40

Traffic

Categories converted from msa to cv/l/d assuming a

growth rate of 2% over the design life.
Table 7.2.3 Traffic Categories
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Geometrics
Gradients
Bends
Junction and Crossings

STRESS

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Chipping Properties

PSV refer to HD36/06 or Figure 7.3.1.

AAV Not greater than 14

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Other Data Required

General Surface Condition
Season
Shade
Local Traffic
Noise

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Season

Figure 7.3.2 Surface Dressing Season

Tree Shade

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Noise

Increasing noise (dBA)

14mm

14/6mm
10mm
10/6mm

6mm

Increasing texture depth

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Designing the Dressing

Site Suitability
Sections within the Site
Choosing the Dressing type and Binders
Using the Design Proforma
Selecting the Rate of Spread

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Site Suitability

Figure 8.1 - Effect of Existing Road Surface Characteristics on

Achievable Performance Levels

Choosing The Right Dressing

Figure 8.3a
Selection of Type of Surface
Dressing for Lightly-Trafficked
Sites

Binder Rate of Spread - Table

9.2.2

Racked In Dressing

Surface Dressing
Benefits
Relatively low cost and high productivity
Extends road life and delays major maintenance spend
Reduced traffic management costs and road user costs
Efficient use of aggregates/binder and minimal waste
Up to 10 year life if properly designed and executed
A strategic option for de-carbonising roads
Can help to prevent potholing

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Surface Dressing
Innovation

Better,tougherbinders=betterchipretention
Lowtemperatureemulsions(undertrial)
Betteremulsionbreakcontrol
Bettermobileplant improvedspraying/spreadingaccuracy
Closerattentiontoachievinggoodcompaction
Closerliaisonwithhighwayauthorities
Improvedaftercare
BettertrainedoperativeswithCSCScards(SectorScheme13a)

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Micro-Surfacing

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Micro-Surfacing
Apolymermodifiedcoldpavedasphalt
Thickness6to15mm
Uses
rutfilling/levellingcourse
sealing
fillingpotholes
correctsravelling/bleeding
improvesskidresistance(highervolumeroads)

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Micro-Asphalt Description
Slurrysurfacingintroducedinthelate1950s
Primarilyusedasapreservativetreatmentforairfield
runwaystypicalaggregatesizeforslurrysurfacing03mm
Slurrysurfacingnowmorewidelyknownasmicroasphaltsor
microsurfacingwithtypically06mmaggregates
Microasphaltisamixtureof:

Aggregates(coarseandfine)
PMBemulsion
Water
Cementorhydratedlime
Possiblyfibres
Chemicalbreaking agent

Theblendofmaterialsisbatchedinsituandlaidbyapurpose
builtselfpropelledmicroasphaltpaver
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Slurry Seal and Micro-Asphalt

Footwayslurrysealismechanicallymixedandhandapplied
usingabrushtoprovidesurfacetexture.Nonpolymer
modifiedbitumenemulsionandaggregatesizesof03mm
Thincarriagewayandairfieldslurrysealisusuallylaidupto
5mmthickusinga03mmaggregateandnonpolymer
bitumenemulsion.Laidmechanicallyandissuitableforurban
areasandairfieldtaxiways
Microasphalts
firstlayerregulatesandreprofilestheexistingpavement
secondlayerprovidesadensesurfacewithgoodtexturedepthand
wetskiddingresistance.

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SLURRY / MICROSURFACING

Composition
Aggregates
Mineralfiller
Water
Bitumenemulsion
Fieldcontroladditive

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Aggregate selection
Strong,durable
100%crushedparticles
Typeofrock
Reactivityoffines critical!

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Aggregate Gradation
Sieve size Slurry
mm
5.0
100
2.36
95-100
1.18
70-95
.600
55-75
.300
30-50
.075
5-15

Microsurfacing
100
70-90
75-100
45-70
55-90
28-50
35-70
19-34
20-45
12-25
5-15
5-15

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Mineral Fillers
Portlandcement
Hydratedlime
Modifyflow&settingcharacteristics

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Bitumen Emulsion Selection

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Polymer
Purposes
reducestemperaturesusceptibility
improvesstiffness
Types
latex(liquid)
solids

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Field Control Additive

Affectsbreaktime
temperature&aggregatereactivity
Typeandamount
amines(0.1%)

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Surface Curing
Mixtime
timeremainingfluid(30180s)
Settime
expulsionofclearwater&initialdevelopment
ofcohesion
Traffictime
sufficientcohesionfortraffic(20minto4hrs)

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Mix Design Criteria

Mixingtests
Cohesiontest
Testsforbindercontent
Performancerelatedtests

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Mixing & Cohesion Tests

Mixtime&settime
Handmixedfor30s
Partpouredout.Clearwaterexuded settime
Partstirreduntilstiff mixtime

Cohesiontest
Rolledintoball&droppedonfloor

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Tests For Binder Content

Wettrackabrasion(WTAT)
BS434aggregatetest(max500g/m)

Loadedwheeltest

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www.rsta-uk.org

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Site Selection Client Side

Highwayclientslooktomicrosurfacingtoimprove:

Appearance coveringsurfacedefects
Profiling regulationofthesurface
SkidResistance replacescontactsurface
SubsurfaceProtection sealingtheroadagainstwater
ingress

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A Potential Micro-Surfacing Site

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Micro-Asphalt Paver

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AGGREGATE
BITUMEN
WATER

SPREADER BOX

Computer Controlled Batching

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Applied through the Spreader

Laying box

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Compaction using a Pneumatic Tyre

Roller (PTR)

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After Care

Readyfortrafficafter20minutes
Sweepafter24hours
RaiseIronworknextday
Applyroadsafetymarkingsafter72hours
Removetrafficmanagementsigns

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Slurry-Micro Surfacing
Applications

Carriageways

Footways

Cycleways

Car parks

Playgrounds

Airfield runways

Reservations and Islands

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73

Benefits
Restorationofinstantaneousskidding
resistanceandtexturedepthlevels
Quickinstallation,withminimumdisruption
totrafficflows
Environmentallyadvantageouswithlittleor
notoxicemissionsandnoheatenergy
required
Financialcostbenefits

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BSEN 12273 Micro-Surfacing

UK guidance contained in PD 6689
BSEN 12273 will be implemented in UK in
January 2011
By that time all contractors must have in place:
BSEN ISO 9001 QA systems, FPC, TAITs
UK specification controlled by SHW Cl.918
contractors must be compliant with Sector
Scheme 13b

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Specification Requirements
Aggregates to BS EN 13043
Binders to BS EN 13808 Cationic Bitumen
Emulsions
Mix design declared by producer
1 year after installation:
visual assessment of defects
surface macro-texture

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BS EN 12274 Test Methods

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Sampling
Residualbindercontent
Consistency mixdesign
Cohesionofmix mixdesign
Wearing(wettrackabrasion) mixdesign
Rateofapplication
Shakingabrasion(binder/aggregateaffinity)
mixdesign
8. Visualassessment
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Clause 918

Contractordesign
RegistrationtoSectorScheme13B
TAITtoBSEN12273
Aggregatemin.PSV&max.AAV(FI20 omitted)
Performancerequirements
Assessmentofdefects&macrotexture
2yearguarantee(macrotextureinitially,1&2years)
Normally1yearfornontrunkroads
Specifieshowtoexecutetheworks
BBAHAPAScertificationformodifiedbindernolonger
required
Bondcoatspecified
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Notes for Guidance on Clause 918

Clause 942 thin surfacing applicable to
micro-surfacing for roads carrying > 250
cv/l/d or allowing speeds > 60 mph
Categories given for visual assessment of
defects
from lightly trafficked roads (Cat. 1) to dual
carriageways (Cat. 4)

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Performance Requirements
Requirement

Unit
0

Category
1
2

P1 bleeding, etc.

NPD

0.5

P2 delamination,
aggregate loss, etc.

NPD

0.5

Macrotexture

mm

NPD

0.2

0.4

0.6

Noise (macrotexture)

mm

Declared maximum

Constituents
Binder cohesion J/cm
Aggregate PSV
Aggregate micro-Deval

Declared class/category

Slurry type

Defined by maximum aggregate

size & binder type

(AAV in UK)

Guidance
Design Manual for Roads and Bridges
Volume 7 Section 5 Part 2 HD37/99
SHW Series 900
Clause 918 - Slurry Surfacing
Clause 919 - Surface Dressing Recipe
Clause 922 - Surface Dressing Performance
Clause 927 - Micro-surfacing

EN 12271 Surface Dressing (FPC + test methods)

EN 12273 Slurry-Micro Surfacing (FPC + test methods)
PD6689: 2009 Surface Treatments
NHSS 13a Surface Dressing and 13b Slurry-Micro Surfacing
Road Note 39 and RSDA Code of Practice
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81

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