Antibiotics

Mark Lesther Aragon

Diamond Guinto
Sun Sigmund Sarmiento

ANTIBIOTICS
Also known as antibacterial, are
types of medications that
destroy or slow down the
growth of bacteria.
Antibiotics are used for a
range of other infections caused
bybacteria, includingurinary
tract infections,skin
infectionsand infected wounds.

1. Aminoglycosides
Are a group of chemically related
antibiotics used for treatment of
infections with Gram (-) bacteria that
are resistant to less toxic antibiotics.
The most commonly antibiotics are:
-gentamicin-tobramycin
-amikacin -kanamycin
All share a common nephrotoxicity
and ototoxicity.

 Ototoxic effects involves disruption of

inner ear cochlear and vestibular
membranes, which results in hearing
end balance impairment. These effects
are irreversible.
Cumulative effects may be seen with
repeated high-level exposure. These
effects are usually reversible.
Aminoglycosides are eliminated by
renal filtration.
Chromatography and immunoassay
are the primary methods used for
aminoglycoside determinations.

2. Vancomycin
A glycopeptide antibiotic that is
effective against Gram (+) cocci
and bacilli.
Vancomycin is administered by IV
infusion due to poor oral
absorption.
The major toxicities of vancomycin
are: red man syndrome,
nephrotoxicity, & ototoxicity.

 Red man syndrome is characterized

by erythemic flushing of the
extremities.
Nephrotoxic effects occur more
frequently at concentrations that are
>10ug/ml.
Ototoxic effects occur more
frequently when peak serum
concentrations exceed 40ug/ml.
Vancomycin is primarily eliminated
by renal filtration and secretion.
Chromatography and

Red man
Syndrome

EN