Maximum Radiation Direction______________________________________________________________________________Hon Tat Hui

Maximum radiation direction of (AF)n

N Ψ NΨ 1 Ψ NΨ
− cos sin
⎡ 1 sin (NΨ / 2 )⎤
sin cos
d ( AF ) n 2 2 2 2 2 2 =0
= d⎢ ⎥ / dΨ = 0 ⇒
dΨ ⎣ N sin (Ψ / 2 ) ⎦ sin 2Ψ

2
N Ψ NΨ 1 Ψ NΨ
∴ sin cos = cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
Ψ NΨ
i.e., N tan = tan
2 2
The last equation can only be satisfied when Ψ = ±2mπ , for m = 0,1,2,….

Checking for possible indeterminate forms

N ⎛Ψ ⎞ ⎛ NΨ ⎞ 1 ⎛Ψ ⎞ ⎛ NΨ ⎞
sin ⎜ ⎟ cos⎜ ⎟ − cos⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟
lim
2 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
Ψ → ±2mπ ⎛Ψ ⎞
sin 2 ⎜ ⎟
⎝2⎠
⎛ 1 N ⎞ ⎛Ψ ⎞ ⎛ NΨ ⎞
2
⎜⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
= lim
Ψ → ±2mπ ⎛Ψ ⎞ 1 ⎛Ψ ⎞
2 sin ⎜ ⎟ cos⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠2 ⎝2⎠
⎛ 1 N 2 ⎞⎡ 1 ⎛Ψ ⎞ ⎛ NΨ ⎞ N ⎛Ψ ⎞ ⎛ NΨ ⎞⎤
⎜⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟⎟ ⎢ cos⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ + sin ⎜ ⎟ cos⎜ ⎟⎥
⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎣ 2 ⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦
= lim
Ψ → ±2mπ 1 ⎛Ψ ⎞ 1 ⎛Ψ ⎞
cos 2 ⎜ ⎟ − sin 2 ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝2⎠ 2 ⎝2⎠
=0

d ( AF ) n
Hence = 0 is completely determined at Ψ = ±2mπ , for m = 0,1,2,….
dΨ