()

,
.
,
.

,
. ,
,
, ,
.

,
.
, .


, . ,
, :
, ,
,
, ..
:
1.

-
( ) .
,
.
.
( ) .

().

2.

-
.

3.

-
.
.

4.

- ,

(- ) (
).

1, 2, 3 4 .

- , :

z = c j x j max!

(1)

j=1

a x

(2)

j=1

(3)

ij

bi

xj > 0

(i = 1, 2, ..., m)
(j = 1, 2, ..., n)

(1)
(xj), (2)
. (3).
:
m

f = b i y i min!
i =1

a
i =1

ji

yi c j

yj > 0

( = 1, 2, ..., n)
(i = 1, 2, ..., m)

:
zmax. = fmin.

,
.
,
.

:
. .
:
(1)

: y = 12 x1 + 15 x2 max!

:
(2)
(3)
(4)

4 x1 + 3 x2 12
2 x1 + 5 x2 10
x1 0 x2 0

, 26.

 26

, (2) (3)
,
. (4) x1 x2
, .
oabc .
. .
, ,
(
). o, a, b c
,
.

.
.
"b" : x1 = 15/7; x2 =
8/7, y = 12 x1 + 15 x2 = 300/7.

,
. ,
.
27 :
(5)

y = 4 x1 + 10 x2 max!

(2), (3) (4).

"ab"
, x1 = 2.15 x2 = 8/7 ,
x1 = 0 x2 = 2, y = 20.

 27

28,
:
(6)

: y = 2 x1 + 6 x2 max!

:
(7)
(8)
(9)

1 x1 1 x2 2
1 x1 + 1 x2 1
x1 0 x2 0

28

(
).
,
.
29, :
(10)
: y = 1 x1 + 1 x2 max!
:
(11)
(12)
(13)

1 x1 + 1 x2 1
1 x1 1 x2 1
x1 0 x2 0

 29

29 .
:

, ,
;

,
.
,
.

,
.
. ,
1947 , Dantzig 1949, 1951
1963 .
,
,

.

. ,
, .
,
. ,
,
:
:
:

y = 2 x1 x2 max!

:
3 x1 + 2 x2 2
2 x1 4 x2 3
x1 + x2 6
x1 0 x2 0
y.
.
1: .
, :
aj.1 x1 + aj.2 x2 + ... + aj.n xn bj
:
aj.1 x1 + aj.2 x2 + ... + aj.n xn + xn+1 = bj
n m
k , N=n+k
:
n

y = c i x i max!
i =1

a
i =1

j. i

xi = b j

j = 1, 2, ..., m
i = 1, 2, ..., n, n+1, ..., n+k

:
(3)
(4)
(5)

3 x1 + 2 x2 + x3
=2
2 x1 4 x2
+ x4 = 3
+ x5 = 6
x1 + x2

:
y = 2 x1 x2 + 0 (x3 + x4 + x5) max!
2: - N"
m" , N-m ,
m . N-m
, m .

. m
, m
, N
.
, ()
.

6

 . ,
() .
.
N-m = 5-3 = 2
, . : x1 = 0
x2 = 0, x3 = 2; x4 = 3 x5 = 6. : x3 = 0 x5 = 0,
x1 = 2; x2 = 4 x4 = 15. : x3, x4 x5
x1, x2 x4.

30

, ,
. , ,
() .
, ,
. ,
,
.
() .
()
, , n n .
,
. , (),
N-m=n xi (i = 1, 2, ..., n) .
3: .
, m
( ), Nm=n ( ). , ,
:

(3a)
(4a)
(5a)
(6a)

x3 = 2 + 3 x1 2 x2
x4 = 3 2 x1 + 4 x2
x5 = 6 x1 x2
y = 0 + 2 x1 x2

() .
4: xi
y, . ,
,
.
, (
), ,
. , ,
.
, .
, ,
.
.
.
.
. ,
. ,
, (
).

, .

.
,
, .
. :
y = 0 + 2 x1 x2
x2
y,
x1. x1 x2 . x1
(3), .
(4) (5) (4) :
0 = 3 2 x1
( (5) :
0 = 6 x1

.. x1 = 1.5
.. x1 = 6 )

x1 :
x1 = 1.5 x2 = 0 x3 = 6.5

x4 = 0 x5 = 4.5

y=3>0


(1.5; 0).
N m = n ( n =
2), n n ,
n - .
5: ( 3 4)
y, ,
.
:
2, 3. : x1, x3 x5; :
x2 = 0 x4 = 0. (4): x4 = 3 2x1 + 4x2 x1 = (3 x4
+ 4x2), :
x1 = 1.5 + 2x2 0.5x4

(3b)

(3) (5) :
x3 = 6.5 + 4x2 1.5x4
x5 = 4.5 3x2 0.5x4
y = 3 + 3x2 x4

(4b)
(5b)
(6b)

2, 4. y
x2, (5b):
0 = 4.5 3x2 ..

x2 = 4.5/3 = 1.5

:
x1 = 4.5

x2 = 1.5

x3 = 12.5

x4 = 0 x5 = 0

: x1, x2 x3, P 30.

:
y = 3 + 4.5 = 7.5
3, 3.
(x4 x5). (5b): x5=4.53x2+0.5x4
:
x2 = 1/3 (4.5 x5 + 0.5x4)
:
(3c)
(4c)
(5c)
(6c)

x1 = 4.5 0.167x4 0.667x5

x2 = 1.5 + 0.167x4 0.333x5
x3 = 12.5 0.833x4 1.333x5
y = 7.5 0.5x4 x5

 3, 4. y
x4 x5, .
,
( x4=x5=0):
x1 = 4.5

x2 = 1.5

:
y = 7.5
: x3 = 12.5, x4 = x5 = 0
(4) (5) .
3.3. Dantzigov

- .
1. m m
.
2. m ,
N m = n . ()
.
3.
,
. :
x3 3x1 + 2x2 = 2
x4 + 2x1 4x2 = 3
x5 + x1 + x2 = 6
y 2x1 + x2 = 0
: 1

x1

x2

x3

x4

x5

10


,
.
4. , . .
.
.
4.1. y
1 - 1 ():
x1
y

1
*
( ,
: y=0+2x1x2 : y2x1+x2=0).
x1 x1
.
4.2. (x1)
: 2/(-3); 3/2; 6/1 .
x4. 2
(). x4
x1 . : x1, x3 x5,
: x2 x4.
() , ()
, 31.

31

1 Ek,
Er.
.
.
4.3.
i. xi
, ..
.

11

ii. (1/Es)
.
iii. ( )
Er/Es
.
iv. (-Ek/Es)
.
v. :
E

Er Ek
Es

.
1 2
:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

x1 x4
1/2 = 0.5
: 3/2 = 1.5 -4/2 = -2
: -(-3/2) = 1.5; -1/2 = -0.5 -(-2/2) = 1
:
33
( 3) ( 4 )
x3: 2
= 6 .5 2
= 4
2
2

1 3
( 4 ) ( 1)
x5: 6
= 4 .5 1
=3
2

( 2 ) 3
( 2 ) ( 4 )
y: 0
= 3 1
= 3
2
2

:
2

x4

x2

x3

6.5

1.5

4.0

x1

1.5

0.5

2.0

x5

4.5

0.5

3.0

3.0

1.0

3.0

5. 4
.

12

 .
2 :
4.1.
x2
y

3.0

1.0

3.0
*

4.2.
x2
4.0

6.5 / (- 4.0)
1.5 / (- 2.0)
4.5 / 3.0 = 1.5

2.0
x5

4.5

0.5

3.0
3.0

x4

x5

x3

12.50

0.833

1.333

x1

4.50

0.167

0.667

x2

1.50

0.167

0.333

7.5

0.50

1.0

,

y. ( x4 = x5 = 0):
x1 = 4.5

x2 = 1.5

y = 7.5

( ),
,
(max min) .

13

 1
:

Zn %
Pb %
4
6
8
4

1
2
-

.
t/
40
60

t
4
6

./t
270
320

80t/
5,6% Zn 4,5% Pb
( )

1:
.
1. .
2. .
:
y = a 0 + a 1 x 1 + a 2 x 2 + ... + a n x n
y
x1, x2, ..., xn -
a0, a1, ..., an - ( , )
y = 4x1+6x2 min! -
x1 x2 1 2 [t/]
nadnici t
nadnici

=
min!
y =
t
den
den
,
; , .
x2

x2

20

Ako funkcijata na
celta be{e kvadratna,
toga{ mo`e da se najde
re{enie

10

30
x2

40

min

10

40

30
20

x1

x1

x1

32

14

 ,
:
x1 + x2 = 80
805,6 4x1 + 8x2 - Zn
804,5 6x1 + 4x2 - Pb
x1 40 x2 60
x1 0 x2 0
x1, x2 y .
:
,
270./t 1 320./t 2.
- !
- 450.
2:
:

y = 270x1+320x2 min! -

4x1 + 6x2 450

804,5 6x1 + 4x2
x1 + x2 = 80
x1 40 x2 60
805,6 4x1 + 8x2 x1 0 x2 0
.
x1
1
4
4
6
1
1
270

x2
1
6
8
4
1
1
320

= 80
450
5,680
4,580
40
60
0
0

2
:
4 5 .
.
. :
,
.
T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

t/
15

P1

x11
20

x12
36

24

30

x15
30

150

P2

20

20

15

22

28

300

P3

14

28

12

28

20

200

P4

x41
28

x42
30

24

28

x45
36

350

t/

200

300

100

250

150

1000

T - , P -
,
, , P1 T1, P1
T2, ..., P4 T5. 20 xij, i - , j .

:
:
y = 20x11 + 36x12 + 24x13 + 30x14 + 30x15 + ... + 28x41 + 30x42 + 24x43 + 28x44 + 36x45
min!
:
x11 + x12 + x13 + x14 + x15 150
:
:
x41 + x42 + x43 + x44 + x45 350
x11 + x21 + x31 + x41 = 200
:
:
x15 + x25 + x35 + x45 = 150
xij 0 i=1, 2, 3, 4 j=1, 2, 3, 4, 5
3
A B,
3 : , .
12t , 8t
24t , .
:

(*1000$)

(t/)

16

A
B

18
16

6
1

3
1

4
6

,
, ?
:
x1 A, x2
B. :
y = 18 x1 + 16 x2 min!
:
6x1 + x2 12
3x1 + x2 8
4x1 + 6x2 24
x1 0 x2 0
x1 7 x2 7 ( 7 )
4
:
3 ,
() , .

A
B
C

l/.
2000
2500
1200

$/l

$/l

7
5
4

60% A
1
6,8
20%
C
60%
C
2
5,7

15% A
50%
C
3
4,5

()
.
:
() 3.
50% C , .
50% B, A,
. , : 0,54 + 0,55 = 4,5$.
, , .

17

 :
y = (x1A + x1B + x1C)6,8+ (x2A + x2B + x2C)5,7-(x1A + x2A)7-(x1B + x2B)5-(x1C + x2C)4
-> max!
:
x1A + x2A 2000
x1B + x2B 2500
x1C + x2C 1200
xij 0, za i = 1,2 j = A, B, C
1
x1A 0,6(x1A + x1B + x1C)
x1C 0,2(x1A + x1B + x1C)
2
x2C 0,6(x2A + x2B + x2C)
x2A 0,15(x2A + x2B + x2C)

18

 5
4
, ,
. ( )
, :

1
2
3
4

()
2
4
3
7

()
3
2
3
4

()
2
3
2
5

($)
1.50
2.50
3.00
4.50

100 000 , 50 000 60 000
.
?
:
xi i (i=1, 2, 3, 4).
:
y = 1.50x1 +2.50x2 + 3.00x3 +4.50x4 max!
:
2x1 + 4x2 + 3x3 + 7x4 100000
3x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4 50000
2x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + 5x4 60000
xi 0 i=1, 2, 3, 4
6
:
1. i=1, 2
j = 1, 2, 3
2. :
i=1
28t
i=2
25t
3. :
j=1
20t
j=2
10t
j=3
14t
19

4. :
-

0,15 j=1 0,1 i=1 0,2

i=2 [0,1x11 + 0,2x21 0,15(x11 + x21)];
0,045 j=2 0,05 i=1 0,04
i=2 [0,005x12 + 0,04x22 0,045(x12 + x22)];
=3 i=1 i=2
x
3 [ 13 3 ];
x 23

5. :
i=1
P1 = 3
i=2
P2 = 5
6. :
j=1
C1 = 7
j=2
C2 = 6
j=3
C3 = 9
7. :
y = 7(x11 + x21) + 6(x12 + x22) + 9(x13 + x23) -3(x11 + x12 + x13) - 5(x21 + x22 + x23) > max!
:
x11 + x12 + x13 28
x21 + x22 + x23 25
x11 + x21 20
x12 + x22 10
x13 + x23 14
-0,05 x11 + 0,05 x21 0
0,005 x12 - 0,005 x22 0
x13 - 3 x23 0
7
:

, .
:
:

20

P1

Pb1

Ag1



C1

T1

P2

P3

P4

[t/]

Pb2
Zn1
Ag2

Pb3
Zn2
Ag3

Pb4
Zn3
Ag4

[%]
Zn4
[%]
[gr/t]

C2

C3

C4

[/t]

T2

T3

T4

[/t]

:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Pmin.[t/];
Pmax.[t/];
Pb0 ; Zn0;
3 P0[t/];
2 4;
.

:
P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 Pmin.
P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 Pmax.
Pi > 0
P3 P0
P2 > P4
Pb1P1 + Pb2P2 + Pb3P3 + Pb4P4 Pb0( P1 + P2 + P3 + P4)
Zn1P1 + Zn2P2 + Zn3P3 + Zn4P4 Zn0( P1 + P2 + P3 + P4)
:
y = (C1 - T1) P1 + (C2 - T2) P2 +(C3 - T3) P3 +(C4 - T4) P4 -> max!

21

 8
-
:
A. :
1

8
9

9
7

2
10

pristani{te
so kamioni
so `eleznica

33

.

.
,
. , (Al2O3)
.
,
.
. :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

: 10
: 0,5 - 2,5
Al2O3: a- 40 - 58%
SiO2: s - 1 - 12%
: 14-20
: -2
Al2O3: 48%
SiO2: 2%

B. :

22

-
n

1. -

x
j =1

= bi
n

2. -

( x)
j =1

3. -

(
j =1

4. - x j

2bi

x) j 48bi

bi
( =1, 2, ..., n)
3

5. xj>0
:
xj = 0,12Lkj + 0,07Lzj
Lkj - j [km/t0]
Lzj - j [km/t0]
0,12 0,07 [/km]
. :
n

(0,12L
j =1

+ 0,07 Lz ) j x j = F min!

106

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1,1570
1,5530
1,1810
0,0440
2,0085
1,5600
2,1085
1,7700
1,3025
0,1395

Al2O3 %
SiO2 %
a
s
47,544
2,192
52,516
2,070
46,695
0,746
52,706
2,224
48,813
1,045
52,192
2,489
52,070
0,515
49,254
0,923
47,776
1,148
48,955
1,364

(0,12Lk + 0,07Lz)j
0,367
0,361
0,319
0,415
0,298
0,373
0,367
0,322
0,241
0,226

, ,
.
,
:

23

1. bi
2.
3.

4.
5. .
9

1)
: 1, 2 3, 1, 2 3.

:
legura 1

legura 2

ma{ina 1

legura 3

ma{ina 2

ma{ina 3

34

2) :

1
2
3

4
1
1

8-

21
20
12

%
5
10
0

3) , ,
:

max

/t
1
28 h/10tona
3
50 m/min
1
1250 t/.
25
2
20 m/min
3
25 m/min
1
35 h/10toni
2
20 m/min
2
250 t/.
35
3
25 m/min
2
16 m/min
3
1500 t/.
40
3
20 m/min
24

 400m 4t, .. 100m/t .

.
x1, x2, x3 t/ 1, 2 3.
:

h/
1
4
21
0,95
421840,95=2766,2
2
1
20
0,90
120840,90=624
3
1
12
1,00
112841,00=416
:

-
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
2
3
2
3
3
(100m/t )

t/h
28 h/10t
0,357t/h
50m/min=(5060)/100=30t/h
20m/min=(2060)/100=12t/h
25m/min=(2560)/100=15t/h
35 h/10t
0,286t/h
20m/min=(2060)/100=12t/h
25m/min=(2560)/100=15t/h
16m/min=(1660)/100=9,6t/h
20m/min=(2060)/100=12t/h

:
:

y = 25x1 + 35x2 +40x3 -> max!

:
1
2
3

: xi0 i=1,2,3
(x1/0,357) + (x2/0,286) 2766,2 [h/mes]
(x1/12) + (x2/12) + (x3/9,6) 624 [h/mes]
(x1/30) + (x1/15) + (x2/15) + (x3/12) 416 [h/mes]

x1 1250 [t/mes]
x2 250 [t/mes]
x3 1500 [t/mes]

25

 10

:

( dm):

x4
y1

h
x3

y2[%] - % na negabarit
(krupni par~iwa koi
treba pak da se
miniraat)

x1

Q=x4 - koli~ina na
eksploziv

y3 - koli~ina na
ispukana masa

36

:
x1 - - W(m)
x2 - - Q[kg]
x3 - - Lp[m]
x4 = (h-x3) - - Lc[m]
xi
:
y1 - - S[m]
y2 - - N[%]
y3 - - V[m3]

(d) ().

:
y1 = a10 +a11x1 + a12x2 + a13x3
y2 = a20 +a21x1 + a22x2 + a23x3
y3 = a30 +a31x1 + a32x2 + a33x3
aij ai0
.

26

 :
.
, ,
:
b1 = Smax -
b2 = Nmax -
b3 = Vmin -
.
:
, .
:
C1 - (./m)
C2 - (
) (./kg)
C3 - (./m3 )
C1(/m3).
,
x2 (x3) :
x2 = ap x3
ap[kg/m] 1m .

C1[/m3],
. : (C1), (C2)
(C0),
. ,
,
: , .
: hdx1 (m3),
: (c1hd)x1 (), d .
(y2/100)dhx1(m3),
[(C0hdy2)/100]x1.

x1:
[(C1 - C0y2)/100]hdx1 ()
( ) :
:

27

F = [(C1 - C0b2)/100]hdx1 - C2x2 - C3(x3 + x4) -> max!

:
a11x1 + a12x2 + a13x3 b1 - a10
a21x1 + a22x2 + a23x3 b2 - a20
a31x1 + a32x2 + a33x3 b3 - a30
x1 Wmin
x3 + x4 h
x3 -x4 > 0
x2 - apx3 = 0
: (b3),
(b1), (b2) ap m
, x1, x2, x3 x4
F, 1m3 .
b1, b2, b3, ap Vmin
Fmax . ,
Fmax/x1 (/m3 )
.
,
.

28