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O Typhidot
R Assay
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Group 5:
Y Garcia, Vixienne Geia
Natividad, Justine Lorenz M.
Nicdao, Jan Kevin
BSMT III-A
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Introduction:
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 Typhoid fever is a systemic
infection caused by Salmonella H
enterica serotype typhi I
(Salmonella typhi). This highly D
adapted, human-specific
pathogen has evolved O
remarkable mechanisms for T
persistence in its host that help
to ensure its survival and
transmission. A
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Introduction:
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 Whileblood culture is the gold
standard in the diagnosis of the H
disease, it is hampered by low I
sensitivity, high specificity and D
delayed results that come out in
4-7 days. O
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Overview:
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 The Typhidot is a dot enzyme
immunoassay utilizing a 50 kD H
outer membrane protien which I
is specific for Salmonella typhi D
infection.
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 With high specificity, reliability T
and rapidity of the test, the dot
EIA technique was envisioned to
provide a simple and useful
A
method for the serodiagnosis of S
typhoid fever. S
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Overview:
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 Anadded advantage of the
typhidot test over widal test is H
that the results were deemed I
reliable even if a single serum D
specimen is used for the test.
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The test:
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 Is a dot ELISA kit that detects IgM
and IgG antiboidies against the H
outer membrane protein ‘OMP) I
of the Salmonella typhi. The D
typhidot test beomes positive
within 2-3 days of infection and O
separately identifies IgM and IgG T
antibodies.
 
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The principle:
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 Thetest is based on the the
presence of specific IgM and IgG H
antibodieso a specific 50KD OMP I
antigen, which is impregnated D
on nitrocellulose strips. The
reaction tray was divided into 2 O
columns marked as G and M. T
Sample and diluents then are
added and incubated for around
20 minutes. A
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The principle:
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 These again were washed with
washing buffer thrice, then anti H
human IgG and IgM was I
dispensed in an appropriate D
amount in each well and
incubated for another 15 O
minutes and then results are T
interpreted.
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Procedure:
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 1.Venous blood or 4 H
drops of blood to I
obtain serum. D
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Procedure:
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2. Allow first antibody H
(IgG or IgM) to bind I
specific antigen of S. D
typhi. O
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Procedure:
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3.Wash excess unbound H
antibody I
4. Add Substrate. D
5. Compare the darkness O
of the color of the test T
and control.
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Interpretation
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IgM is positive Acute H
Typhoidal I
Illness D
IgM and IgG is Acute O
positive Typhoidal T
Illness in the
middle stage of A
infection
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IgG is positive Occurrence of A
Reinfection Y
 Comparison of Widal test
and Typhidot test in
Culture Proven Cases and
Non-typhoid Cases

TEST Number Non-Typhoid

Positive in Cases
Clinical and n = 38
Culture (sensitivity)
Proven
Typhoid Cases
Typhidot Test 44=79%
n = 56 3=12.5%
(sensitivity)
Widal Test 32=57% 4=17%

Blood Culture 38=68% 0

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Other rapid test
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 Multi-Test Dip-S-Ticks test- H
is a test for five
I
pathogens, including
Salmonella serotype typhi. D
This test is in a dipstick O
format that detects anti-O T
and anti-H ,anti Vi, IgM,
IgG antibodies in a patient A
srum, plasma, or S
heparinized whole blood. S
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Other rapid test
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 TUBEX- a H
semiquantitative test I
that uses D
polyesterene particle O
agglutination to T
detect IgM
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antibodies to O9 S
antigen. S
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Conclusion:
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 Typhidot test is a highly sensitive
and specific test in diagnosing H
typhoid fever. It is a rapid, easy I
to perform, more reliable test D
for typhoid fever as compared
to Widal test and can be useful O
in early institution of therapy. T
But a larger prospective study
would be required to fully
evaluate the usefulness of this A
test in countries endemic to S
typhoid fever.
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