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Tres Libros Mudarra
Tres Libros Mudarra
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!3#$54 Libros de Musica en Cifras (1546)
followed Milan's El Maestro (1535) and Narvaez' Seys Libros del Delfin de Musica (1538).
Alsonso Mudarra was born ca 1510 and died in Seville, 1 April 1580. He was raised in Guadalajara in the household of the third
and fourth dukes of the Infantado, Diego Hurtado de Mendoza and Inigo Lopez de Mendoza, it is likely that Mudarra travelled with
the latter in the entourage that accompanied Charles V to Italy in 1529. He subsequently entered the priesthood, probably in
Palencia, becoming a canon at Seville Cathedral on 18 October 1546, less than two months before the publication of his vihuela book.
During the following 34 years he played an important role in cathedral affairs: arranging the annual Corpus Christi celebrations, hiring
wind players, negotiating the purchase and installation of a new organ, and consulting in 1572 with Francisco Guerrero at the request
of the chapter concerning the music commissioned from Guerrero for the coming Christmas season. From March 1568 he served as
major-domo of the cathedral, in charge of all disbursements. After his death, the money raised from the sale of his possessions was
distributed to the poor according to the provisions of his will.
Mudarra's Tres libros de musica en cifras para vihuela was published in Seville on 7 December 1546. Comprising 77 works (including
six pieces for four-course guitar and one for harp or organ), the book contains numerous innovations. These include the earliest music
published for guitar, a newly-invented 14-line tablature system for harp and organ, suite-like groupings of works by mode, and the earliest
fabordon psalm printed in Spain. The most prolific genre among Mudarra's works are 27 fantasias, mainly polythematic works in imitative style with
lyrical free extensions and strong architectonic symmetry. He also included two monophonic ostinato fantasias and several of more idiomatic character.
The ingenious Fantasia que contrahaze la harpa en la manera de Ludovico is a disguised set of folia variations that use cross rhythms and bold
chromaticism to imitate the legendary harpist of Ferdinand III of Aragon. The short tientos are idiomatic preludes used to commence the
modally-grouped 'suites' of the second book, while the glosas are parody fantasias in which Mudarra alternates intabulated vocal polyphony with
original music.
Tablature orientation: Mudarra's tablature uses numbers to represent the position where the string is fretted. The top-most line in the tablature staff
represents the bass-most string on the vihuela.
Vihuela tuning: The nominal tuning for the vihuela is G c f a d' g'. The same intervals can be gotten on the guitar by tuning string 3 down a half-step to f#.
Tempo: Mudarra used 3 different symbols to indicate tempo. They were placed at the beginning of the first tablature staff.
A symbol which looks like a Greek phi means "apriesa" (quickly). A "C" (which looks like our common time symbol) means a middle
tempo. A "C" with a vertical slash down the middle (which looks like our cut time symbol) means "despacio" (slowly). These
symbols were originally written on Mudarra's 1st, 2nd or 3rd line, but it is unclear what the different locations may imply.
Held notes: A caret, or hat (^), above a fret number in Mudarra's tablature means to let the note ring as long as possible.
Right-hand technique: In a few pieces, Mudarra gives instructions for the right hand. He writes "dedi" for a "dedillo"
passage - the index finger alone plays by plucking up and down. "Dosde" is short for "de dos dedos", which means to play the
passage with alternating thumb and index finger. In some instances it is not clear exactly which fret number Mudarra's instruction is aligned with.
Ornamentation: Mudarra's tablature never showed any ornaments.
Final measures: Mudarra always wrote a breve (1 breve = 2 whole notes) as the rhythm for the last measure. Note that this is twice
the value of the other measures.
EDITORIAL NOTES
This is the work of many successive hands. The original transcription was done by Donald Sauter in ASCII
tab. See http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/7049/index.html#science for more information, and more
tablature for guitar.
I personally received the files in W. Cripps tab format from Leonard Williams who edited the original ASCII
and produced some nice pdf versions. Please see http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/tab-serv/tab-serv.cgi
For technical and editorial reasons, I had to check the facsimile edition published by the Chanterelle editions, with an excellent preface by James Tyler.
As Leonard puts it:
Enjoy!
Alain Veylit
**********
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