B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA HN

...............................

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
..................................

Khoa : Cng ngh Dt May v thi trang

B mn : Cng ngh Dt

Nhim v thit k tt nghip

H v tn sinh vin :
Lp
:
Ngnh
:
I. ti thit k :
1/ Kho st Nh my si
2/ Thit k dy chuyn sn xut si trn dy chuyn Trung Quc
- Si Nm 34 chi th (100% cotton)
- Si Nm 54 chi th (100% cotton)
- Si Nm 68 chi k (100% cotton)
3/ Si IO ROTO
II/ Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh tnh ton
Phn I : Kho st Nh my si
Chng 1: nh gi thit b
Chng 2: My th nghim v cng tc kim tra cht lng sn phm
Chng 3: Tnh hnh cht lng tng cng on
Phn II: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut trn dy chuyn Trung Quc
Chng 1: Gii thiu thit b ca dy chuyn ko si Trung Quc
Chng 2: Thit k nguyn liu, chn mt hng
Chng 3: Thit k cng ngh
Chng 4: Thit k mt bng sp xp dy chuyn
Chng 5: Kim tra cht lng sn phm
Chng 6: T chc lao ng
III/ Cc bn v v th
1

Bng 1-1 : Hn hp bng Cng ty ang s dng

Bng 1-2: Sn lng si nm 2005
Bng 1-3: Tiu chun cht lng si Cng ty dt 19/5 H Ni
Bng 2-1: Tnh cht c l ca hn hp bng
Bng 2-2: Bi s ko di
Bng 2-3: sn cc loi si
Bng 2-4: Vn tc cc b phn
Bng 2-5: Hiu sut my
Bng 2-6: Nng sut my
Bng 2-7.8.9: Tiu hao nguyn liu
Bng 2-10: Thng k cc my trn dy chuyn
Bng 2-11: Cn i nguyn liu
Bng 2-12: Cn i nguyn liu
Bng 2-13: Cn i nguyn liu
Bng 2-14,15,16 : K hoch ko si
Bng 6-1: nh mc lao ng ng my
Bng 6-2: nh mc cng nhn phc v
Bng 6-3: nh mc cn b qun l
IV/ Cn b hng dn.

V/ Ngy giao nhim v thit k :

VI/ Ngy hon thnh nhim v :

MC LC
Phn I: Kho st Nh my si..................................................................................9
Chng I: nh gi thit b ..........................................................................10
Chng II: Cng tc kim tra cht lng......................................................12
Chng III: Tnh hnh cht lng tng cng on .......................................15
Phn II: Thit k dy chuyn ko si Trung Quc.................................................20
Chng I : Gii thiu thit b ca dy chuyn ko si Trung Quc...........21
Chng II : Chn mt hng, thit k nguyn liu.......................................30
Chng III : Thit k cng ngh..................................................................33
3.1. Chn cc thng s cng ngh.......................................................33
3.2. Bng chn chi s v bi s ko
di...............................................33
3.3. Chn
sn..................................................................................35
3.4. Hiu sut
my...............................................................................37
3.5. Tnh nng sut my.......................................................................37
3.6. Tiu hao nguyn liu....................................................................44
3.7. Tnh s my..................................................................................49
3.8. Cn i nguyn liu v k hoch ko si.....................................56
Chng IV: B tr mt bng sp xp dy chuyn.........................................60
Chng V: Kim tra cht lng sn phm...................................................66
Chng VI: T chc lao ng......................................................................75
3

Phn III: Chuyn si OE RO TO.......................................................................79

Chng I : Phng php thc hin ............................................................79
Chng II : Nguyn liu cho ko si OE RO TO........................................79
Chng III: Cu trc si OE........................................................................82
Chng IV: Cht lng si OE....................................................................84
Chng V : Si RO TO OE chi k.............................................................90
Kt lun ........................................................................................................97

M U
Trong iu kin nn kinh t th trng ni chung, nn kinh t hng ho nhiu
thnh phn nc ta ni ring cc doanh nghip khng ch phi bo ton v pht
trin vn m cn c li, c nh vy doanh nghip mi c v tr trn thng trng
v c iu kin cnh trnh vi cc doanh nghip khc. Trong nn kinh t m cc
thnh phn kinh t cng sn xut hng ho, cng tn ti cnh tranh vi nhau v
bnh ng vi nhau trc pht lut th s a dng ca cc thnh phn kinh t to
cho nn kinh t pht trin mnh m bng s o thi nhng daonh nghip thua l,
thay th l nhng doanh nghip mi c nng lc, c kh nng pht trin.
i vi cc doanh nghip ni chung v cc doanh nghip trong ngnh dt
Vit Nam ni ring. Sn phm l kt qu cui cng ca qu trnh sn xut v tiu
th l giai on
i vi cc doanh nghip ni chung v cc doanh nghip trong ngnh dt
Vit Nam ni ring. Sn phm l kt qu cui cng ca qu trnh sn xut v tiu
th l giai on cui cng ca qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Nu sn phm khng
tiu th c tc l khng p ng c th trng th dn dn doanh nghip s i
n ph sn, l iu khng mt doanh nghip no mun xy ra. Chnh v vy m
cc doanh nghip trong ngnh dt may khng ngng u t cc thit b mi nhm
p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi; Nhu cu n ngon v mc p.
Cng ty dt 19/5 l mt Cng ty thuc S Cng nghip H Ni c xy
dng nm 1959 chuyn sn xut cc loi vi bt dng may ti sch, cp, ba l,
may giy vi, lt giy, cc ng, lm bum vv.

Nh my si l mt nh my thnh vin ca Cng ty dt 19/5 H Ni c

xy dng v thnh lp nm 1998 vi din tch = 4.680 m 2. Vi tng s cc si =
6.720 cc h thit b hon ton ca Trung Quc l h thit b chi th.

Do nh my ch sn xut si Nm34 v Nm 54 mt hng cha a dng khng

sc cnh tranh trn th trng Cng ty nn ci to m rng thm mt dy
chuyn chi k mi.
Ti c giao nhim v thit k tt nghip vi ti :
Thit k mi dy chuyn ko si t ti Cng ty
Sn lng 1300 tn/ nm vi cc mt hng
- Nm 68 cotton chi k cho dt kim 200 tn/ nm
- Nm 54 cotton chi th dng t khn mt 300 tn/ nm
- Nm 34 cotton chi th dng dt bt may ba l, ti sch v lt giy 800 tn/
nm.

Phn I
KHO ST NH MY SI

Chng I
7

NH GI THIT B
Thit b ca Nh my si qua 8 nm s dng, sn phm to ra trn th trng
c sc cnh tranh cha cao.
Thit b ca Trung Quc nn cn hn ch khi ko si c ch s cao
1.1. My cung bng :
My cung bng lp mt dy my gm :
- Hai my x trn :

A.002D

- Mt my x trn :

A.035D.

- Mt my trn lm u 6 hm : FA.022
- Hai my x ng :

FA.106

- Hai my xe nghing :

FA.046A

- Hai my u cn :

FA.141

Dy chuyn ca Trung Quc hin ti vn s dng tt

1.2. My chi th :
K hiu : FA.201
Nc sn xut : Trung Quc
Nm 2005 Cng ty ci to nng cp qun li ton b kim mi v trung tu
li my hin ti 11 my chi th hot ng tt.
1.3. My ghp :
K hiu : FA.302
Nc sn xut : Trung Quc
Nm 2005 Cng ty tin hnh trung tu nng cp my hin ti 6 my ghp
hot ng tt
1.4. My si th
K hiu : FA.401
8

Nc sn xut : Trung Quc

My si th Cng ty lp 4 my th kiu gng treo hin ti 4 my vn hot
ng n nh.
1.5. My si con :
L loi my ln nh si th thnh si con vi 14 my FA.506. Mi my 480
cc si
Cng ty hin thay ton b mi my con mi
Ton b tng p hng SKF
Tin hnh trung tu ton b 14 my = 6.720 cc si, hin ti 14 my con ang
hot ng n nh t c nng sut v cht lng ca Cng ty ra.
1.6.My nh ng GA.013 ca Trung Quc
- My nh ng ngoi vic to ra qu si c khi lng ln m cn c nhim
v lm sch loi b on dy mng gt bng
- C u ni bng hi
- C b lc in t thng xuyn kim tra cht lng si c 2 my ng gm
200 cc
Hin ti 2 my ng ang hot ng n nh v hiu qu

Chng II
MY TH NGHIM V CNG TC KIM TRA
CHT LNG SN PHM
2.1. Nhim v v yu cu cng tc kim tra cht lng sn phm i vi
nh my ko si
- Kim tra gim st qu trnh cng ngh : kim tra cht lng thnh phm v
si khng ch ch s, cht lng trn dy chuyn
9

- Kim tra cht lng sn phm : nh gi cht lng nguyn liu u vo

sn phm ra, c sn phm theo tiu chun quy nh hp ng kinh t.
Xut pht t nhim v trn chng ta thy vic kim tra cht lng bn thnh
phm v thnh phm ca si l khng th thiu c, n gip ta bit c cht
lng ca tng cng on ko si, xem cc cng on t yu cu cha
tm ra bin php khc phc.
c cht lng si n nh cn kim tra nguyn liu vo, khng ch cht
lng bn thnh phm v si.
Yu cu ca cng tc th nghim; cc s lng phi chnh xc, y , kp
thi khng ch bn thnh phm v si t yu cu.
2.2. Nhim v t th nghim :
- Kim tra khng ch chi s ci chi
- Xc nh kt, tp
- Kim tra khng ch chi s ci ghp
- Kim tra chi s si th
- Kim tra si con
- Chi s
- bn
- sn
- Kim tra trn my Uster vi ci chi, ghp, si th, si con.
2.3. Cc my th nghim ang s dng :
- My th nghim qu bng
- Cn phn tch
- My o sn
- My gung si YG. 086 Trung Quc sn xut
- My o chiu di ci YG.114 Trung Quc sn xut
10

- My o bn YG.026 Trung Quc sn xut

- My Uster YG.131 Trung Quc sn xut

NGUYN LIU

Khi chn thnh phn bng v t l hn hp bng phi bit yu cu cht

lng ca si . Ngoi ra cn xem xt n tnh kinh t ca hn hp v gi nguyn
liu chim 60-70% gi thnh si.
Thng thng c th phi trn 2 thnh phn bng cch nhau mt cp cc
thnh phn bng trong hn hp khng chnh lch nhau qu v tnh cht nh :
bn, di, nh, tp cht, m t l x ngn ln s gy kh khn trong qu
trnh ko di gy ra bn khng u gy t si v si d b x lng, d m cc
thnh phn hn hp khng c khc nhau v c dnh mc khc nhau lm cho
qu trnh x trn khng u.
chn ca x cng nh hng n s nhum mu ca vi x km chn
hoc chn qu lm cho vi si kh nhum mu v mu nhum khng u.
11

T l tp cht cc thnh phn trong hn hp khng khc nhau qu ln. Cc

my loi tr tp cht ca cc thnh phn khng u c th lm cho thnh phn c t
tp b bn v x tt b loi ra.
Hin ti Cng ty ang s dng cc loi bng sau :
Bng 1.1- Hn hp bng
Tnh cht

T l NX

P x

Hn hp

(%)

(CN) (mm)

Bng LXI

(Nm)

Let

Lpc

Tp

(mm)

ngn

chn

(%)

(%)

(%)

70

6276

4,46

30,50 33,05

9,2

1,84

1,73

6,8

Bng M II 30

6118

4,16

28,98 32,07

11,2

1,61

2,00

7,4

Bnh qun

6244

4,39

30,19 32,85

9,6

1,79

1,78

6,92

100

Chng III
TNH HNH CHT LNG TNG CNG ON
I. TH NGHIM QU BNG

- Chi s : 0,0025 3%
- Trng l ng 19,5 0,2 (kg)
- Di

45 1 (m)

- Rng

0,96 (m)

- Cv on 1m (%) 2,3 %
- u mng bng 1,8%
So vi tiu chun Cng ty t loi I
II.TH NGHIM CI CHI :

Kh nng tr tp ca my chi c th nghim sau :

- T l bng ri

3,61 %
12

- T l bng ri gm my 1,63%
- T l tp gm my

25,40%

- Hiu sut kh tp gm my 6,34%

- T l bng ri thanh mui 1,90%
- Hiu sut kh tp thanh mui : 19,10%
- Bng ri th yu :

0,06%

- khng u chi s : AN = 2%
- Bin sai chi s CvN (%) = 4%
- Bng kt tp cht

90 ht/9

Ci chi t cp 1
III.TH NGHIM CI GHP :

- Trng lng tiu chun : 17,77g/m

- Trng lng thc t : 16,54g/m
T l hi m WTT : 6,81%
u chi s : 1,9%
Chi s :

0,29

Ci chi t cp I
IV. TH NGHIM CI TH (SI TH)

- khng u chi s : 2%
- khng u sn : 2%
- T l dn bnh qun :

5%

t cp I
BNG 1-2 : SN LNG V CHT LNG SI NM 2005

TT
1

Loi si
Ne 20/1

Sn lng Kg

Cp I

802792,6

802792,6
13

Cp II

Cp III

Ne 32/1

194303,5

194303,5

Ne 16,5/1

45438,8

45438,8

Ne 21/1

19529,4

19529,4

Ne 16/1

7609,4

7609,4

Ne 30/1

18476,8

18476,8

14

Ne 40/1

1332,8

1332,8

Ne 19,5/1

20465,7

20465,7

Ne 10/1

225,4

225,4

1110174,4

1110174,4

T ng c ng

BNG 1-3: TIU CHUN CHT LNG SI CNG TY DT 19/5 H NI

Cp

Ne
1015

Ne
1621

Ne
2832

Ne 40

2,5

2,5

2,5

2,5

s ti a cho

2,8

2,8

2,8

2,8

php

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

3,1

3,1

3,1

3,1

CN/Te

13,5

13,5

13,5

12,5

13

12,5

12,5

12

12

12

12

11

10,5

10,5

9,5

11

11

12

10,5

12

12

13

TT Tn ch tiu

K
hiu

Sai lch ch Ne
1

H s bin CV NE
2

bn

t Po

ng i

H s bin Cv Pn
4

sai chi s

n
v

sai bn

15

khng U

12,5

13

14,5

14,5

u USTER

13

13,5

15

15,5

()

13,5

14

15,5

16

20

30

45

50

35

45

80

90

50

60

120

130

150

300

500

600

200

360

620

700

250

400

700

820

300

400

750

850

380

450

850

950

450

550

950

1000

Ne12

Ne 20

Ne 30

Ne 32

Ne 40

450

470

740

850

870

920

im mng Thin
6

/ km

()

im dy

Thick

/ km

7
im kt

Neps

/ km

8
9

sn Ne 8

(X/m)

420

sai lch 2

Ne 10

sn K%
Vi my mc thit b v tiu chun cht lng ca Cng ty. Nm 2005 Cng
ty hin ang sn xut cc mt hng sau :

16

CC MT HNG CNG TY ANG SN XUT

I. Si Ne20/1 (Nm34/1) 100% cotton chi th
- Dng sn xut mt s loi vi bt dng may ba l, cp ti
- Bn cho cc cng ty khc trn th trng trong nc
II. Si Ne 32/1 (Nm 54/1) 100% cotton chi th
- Dng sn xut cc loi bt mng
- Bn cho Cng ty khc sn xut dt khn mt
III. Cc li bt ln vng, bum, vi b
Ch yu cng ty sn xut
A. Si cc gm Ne 32/1 (Nm 54/1) 100% cotton chi th
Ne 20/1 (Nm 34/1) 100% cotton chi th
- Cn cc loi si khc ch yu lm theo n t hng ca khch hng
yu cu

17

Phn II
THIT K DY CHUYN SN XUT SI
TRN DY CHUYN TRUNG QUC

Chng I
GII THIU THIT B CA DY CHUYN KO SI

CUNG
BNG
chi th

ghp s b

ghp
I
si con
nh
s
th
ng
ghp
II

18

cun ci
nh
ng
ghp
I
si con
th
si
ghp
II
chi
k

dy chuyn cung bng ca trung quc

FA 002D

FA.
002

FA.
035

FA.0
22

FA.
FA.
FA
04
141
10

19

FA.0
FA.1
FA.
46A
41
106

20

I.My x kin trn FA.002D

Nng sut

800 kg/h

Trng lng

2000 kg

ng knh my 4760 mm
Tc quay xe con 1,7 2,3 Vg/Ph
ng knh trc dao 3,75 mm
Tc trc dao

740 Vg/Ph

Cng sut in tiu th

3,8 KW/h

II.My x trn FA.035

Nng sut

800 kg/h

Di

5385 mm

Rng

1430 mm

Cao

3696 mm

Loi tr tp cht 30 35%

in nng tiu th 4,6 KW/h
III. My trn 6 hm FA.022
Nng sut 500 kg/h
Trng lng

6.600 kg

Di 5735 mm
Rng 2600 mm
Cao 3.805 mm
Cng sut in tiu th

12,2 KW/h

21

IV.My x ng FA.106
Nng sut my 800 kg/h
Trng lng

1.800 kg

Di

1.730 mmm

Rng

1.612 mm

Cao

3.656 mm

Tc trc dao 960 Vg/P

Cng sut in tiu th 3,37 KW/h
V. My x nghing FA046A
- Nng sut my

250 kg/h

Trng lng

1.800 kg

Di

2.720 mm

Rng

1.432 mm

Cao

2.960 mm

Cng sut in tiu th 2.94 KW/h

VI. My u cn FA.141
Nng sut

250 kg/h

Trng lng

4.500 kg

Di

5.400 mm

Rng

2.060 mm

Cao

1.514 mm

Cng sut in tiu th 7,9KW/h

MY CUN CI FA.355

Di :

4674 mm

Rng : 3306 mm
22

Cao : 2403 mm
Kch thc cun ci 320 460 270 mm
Tc lm vic 44 70 mm/Ph
S ci cp vo 20 24
Tng bi s ko di 1,14 1,5
Nng sut my 100 230 Kg/h
Cng sut in tiu th 3,5 KW
MY CHI K .FA.251C

- S u cp ci : 8
- S u ra ci : 2
- Nng sut my : 16 40 Kg/h
- Kch thc thng ci : 400 x 900mm
- Cng sut in tiu th : 12 KW
- Trc chi : 400 x 270 mm
- Chiu di a bng : L=6mm
- Chu k chi : 300 ln/ Ph

MY CHI

- Di :

3523 mm

Rng :

2096mm

Trng lng
ng knh trc gai
Tc trc gai

4500 kg
250 mm
930 Vg/ph

ng knh lm vic ca thng ln : 1290

23

Tc thng ln

360 Vg/ph

S thanh mui lm vic

41/106

Tc di chuyn thanh mui 140,8; 134,6; 240,7; 341,9mm/p

ng knh thng nh

706 mm

Tc thng nh 19,9 45,6 Vg/P (s dng bin tn)

ng knh thng ci

600 mm

Chiu cao thng ci

1100 mm

Sn lng

40 kg/h

Cng sut in tiu th

5,92 KW
MY GHP FA 302

S mi ra :

Tc ra ci : 148 503 m/ph

B ko di : 4/3
ng knh sut cao su 34; 34; 30; 34

ng knh sut st 45; 35; 35;

Bi s ko di
Tng p

4 10

Kiu l so

ng knh thng ci

400 mm

Chiu cao thng ci

1100 mm

Chiu di my

4700 mm

Chiu rng my

2500 mm

Sn lng

125 kg/h

Trng lng

2150 kg

Tng cng sut in

4,5 KW

S mi ghp 8
24

MY TH FA 410

S cc : 120
C ly cc : 216 mm
Di : 13035 mm
Rng : 3650 mm
Ph hp vi chiu di x bng 22 38 mm
Kch thc ng 45 x 445 mm
Kch thc hnh thnh 152 x 400 mm
Bi s ko di 4,2 12
Phm vi sn (X/m)

18 79

Kiu gng : cc treo

Kiu ko di : 4 sut 2 vng da ngn

ng knh sut di 28; 28; 25; 38 mm
ng knh sut trn 28; 28; 25; 28mm
Kiu tng p PK 1500 0002938
Tc gng 600 1200 Vg/Ph
Sn lng

50 kg/h

Cng sut in 11,5 KW

MY SI CON FA 506

c tnh : ko di v lm nh si th thnh si con c nh theo yu cu

- C b iu khin chng trnh
- Gi si th kiu treo ng si th
- C my v sinh ht, thi bi di ng
S cc : 480
Khong cch cc : 76 mm
25

ng knh ni : 45 mm
Chi s si

Nm 6 Nm 120

Bi s ko di 10 50
Tc cc : 10.000 17.000 Vg/Ph
B ko di vi 2 vng da
Cng sut in 22KW
Chiu di my 19.000 x 900 mm

MY NH NG GA10

c tnh : Dng b lc in t kim sot si

- S cc : 100 cc
- Khong cch cc : 254 mm
- Khong cch di si :
- cn ng giy : 5057
- Tc ng kha : 398; 500; 608; 710; 742; 800 m/P
- S u ni v :

4 u ni cho 1 my

- B lc si in t : 100
Cng sut : 7,5 KW

26

Chng II
CHN MT HNG, THIT K NGUYN LIU
2.1. Chn mt hng
Chn mt hng l yu t quan trng i vi sn xut, nht l trong ngnh dt
Mt ngnh c vn u t ln . Sn phm lm ra phi p ng c nhu cu
ca khch hng th mi c th tiu th c. V vy cn c vo nhu cu ca th
trng s thch ca ngi tiu dng da vo kh nng ca my mc thit b. Trong
n ny em quyt nh chn mt hng cho Nh my si nh sau :
- Nm 68 cotton 100% chi k dng trong dt kim
- Nm 34 cotton 100% chi th dng dt cc loi vi bt
- Nm 54 cotton 100% chi th dng dt khn mt
* Phn tch mt hng
- Si Nm 68 cotton 100% chi k dng trong dt kim, vi dt kim c to
ra t mt hay nhiu si bng cch to ra vng si ri lin kt cc vng si
vi nhau. Do si dt kim b un cong, bin dng nhiu ln c ma st gia
cc si vi nhau v gia si cc chi tit to vng ca my ln v vy yu cu
ca si dt kim rt cht ch.
Si dt kim yu cu ch yu l u ca cc ch tiu c l cao nht
l u v nh. S khng u v nh d gy t si rch vi hoc
to thnh si lm xu mt vi.
27

Si dt kim yu cu sn thp v n nh. Nu sn ln si s b

cng gy xin lch ct vng ca vi, lm kh khn cho qu trnh gia cng.
vi dt kim i hi tnh n hi v xp. Khi ko si c th tng xp
bng cch gim bt sn ca si.

bn i vi si dt kim khng cn cao, v bn l bn ca c

hng vng. Nhng khng u v bn phi thp
Ngoi ra si dt kim yu cu v ngoi quan. Si cn sch, mm mi
Si Nm34 chi th dng dt cc loi vi b
Cc loi bt Cng ty dt dng may nh bt, tng, vng, ba l, ti,
cp v may giy i hi phi c bn cao vi thng c nhum mu.
Si Nm 54 100% cotton dng dt khn mt
Cng ty ko si Nm54 cotton 100% dng dt mt s bt mng,
dng lm lt giy v bn cho Cng ty bn dt khn mt, si sn xut
phi c bn cao do sn phi cao.
2.2.Chn nguyn liu
Khi chn thnh phn bng v t l pha phi bit yu cu cht lng
ca si. Ngoi ra cn xem xt tnh kinh t ca hn hp v gi nguyn
liu chim 60-70% gi thnh si.
Thng thng c th phi trn hai thnh phn bng cch nhau mt cp
cc thnh phn bng trong hn hp khng chnh lch nhau qu v tnh
cht nh : bn, di, nh, tp cht, m.
T l x ngn ln gy kh khn trong qu trnh ko di gy ra
khng u, gy t si v d b x lng.
m cc thnh phn trong hn hp pha v dnh mc khc nhau
lm cho qu trnh x trn khng u.

28

 chn ca x cng nh hng n s nhum mu ca vi x kn

chn hoc qu chn lm cho vi si kh nhum mu v nhum khng u.

T l tp cht cc thnh phn trong hn hp khng c chnh lch

nhau qu ln. Nu khng loi b tp cht c th loi b nhiu x tt. Cht
lng cc mt hng : Nm 68, Nm54, Nm34 u i hi cao vi tnh hnh sn
xut ca Cng ty, thun tin cho sn xut v qun l ta lp hn hp
nguyn liu bng dng cho c ba mt hng :
Bng 2.1. TNH CHT C L CA HN HP X BNG
Tnh cht T l N x P x Lct
Lpc
(%)
(Nm) (CN) (mm) (mm)
Hn hp
Bng LXI
80
6276 4,46 30,50 33,05

X
ngn
(%)
9,2

chn
(%)
1,84

Tp
(%)
1,73

m
(%)
6,8

Bng LX II

20

6118

4,16

28,98 32,07 11,2

1,61

2,00

7,4

Bnh qun

100

6244

4,39

30,19 32,85 9,6

1,79

1,78

6,92

29

Chng III
THIT K CNG NGH
Vic chn cc thng s cng ngh nh hng n nng sut lao ng,
nng sut thit b, s lng my, cht lng sn phm, gi thnh si l
ch tiu chnh quyt nh hiu qu sn xut ca nh my.
3.1. CHN CC THNG S CNG NGH

Vic chn cc thng s cng ngh da vo

-Yu cu cht lng, sn lng mt hng
- Cht lng ca nguyn liu ko si
- Kh nng thit b, cht lng ch to chi tit my
- C s l lun chn v tnh ton thng k
- Chn chi s cc bn thnh phm - bi s ko di
Ko di l mt qu trnh c bn trong cng ngh ko si, mc ch l
lm nh sn phm t nguyn liu ban u dng kin x thnh si c
nh theo yu cu thc hin ko di s dng cc b ko di a dng n lm
nh x bng phng php dch chuyn cc xi sp xp trn sn p0hm di
hn vi khi lng khng i ban u khi ko di x lun xut hin
khng u do ko di gy ra. V cht lng sn phm v qu trnh cng ngh
c lin quan n ko di , ko di cng ln th khng u cng ln v do
cht lng sn phm s gim. Chn hi s ko di cn c vo lut s ko
di gii hn tng my, cn c vo kiu l ko di v vo chiu di x.
3.2. BNG CHN CHI S V BI S KO DI

- Cng thc tnh ko di

Nra
N vo
30

Trong : E bi s ko di
Nra, N vo: ch s ra, chi s vo
- My ghp
Nra
E=
N vo
D: s mi ghp
- My cun ci
Nra
E=

.d
N vo

- My chi k
Nra
E=

. (1-y)
N vo/d

Y : t l bng ri (%)
- My si th
Nra
E=
N vo
- My si con

Nra
E=
N vo

BNG 2-2. BI S KO DI
TN MY

My p 1 tay nh

Nra (Nm)

N vo (Nm)

S MI
CHP (D)

BI S KO
DI (B)

0,0023

My chi th

0,25

0,0023

My ghp s b

0,25

0,25
31

My cun ci

0,02

0,25

24

1,92

My chi k

0,25

0,02

My si th

0,25

My si con

34

17

54

27

68

34

3.3. CHN SN
Mc ch ca qu trnh xe sn l tng lin kt gia cc x trong si v
lm cho si c bn nht nh m bo cho qu trnh cng ngh thc hin thun
li m bo chc nng s dng.
sn si th m bo si khng b t trong qu trnh qun ng cng ngh
v khng cn tr qu trnh ko di trn my si con .
K = N.

K : sn ca si
N: H s sn theo chi s
N : Chi s si
Da vo th c t sn xut kt hp vi bng tra cu k thut si ta c
N = 28

Nm 2.0
+ sn si th Nm = 28

= 40 X/m

+ sn si con cn thch hp si c bn cao, khng u v bn

thp, p ng c tnh cht s dng ca si ph hp vi mt hng yu cu
K = N.

Da vo thc t v tra sch tra cu k thut si ( Tr 314 315) ta c

32

Nm 34 c N = 120

K = 120

34

= 700 X/m

54 c N = 115

K = 115

54

= 845 X/m

68 dt kim N = 110

K = 110

68

= 907 X/m

BNG 2.3. SN CC LOI SI

Cng dng

H s

sn K (X/m)

Si th 2,0

Chi th

28

40 X/m

Si con Nm 34

Chi th

120

700 X/m

Nm 54

Chi th

115

845 X/m

Nm 68

D t kim

110

907 X/m

Chi s si

BNG 2.4. VN TC CC B PHN

Cc b phn cng tc

Vn tc ra sn phm (V/P m/

Tc ra bng u cn

8,5 m/ph

Tc ra ci my chi

66,5m/Ph

Tc my cun ci

60m/ph

Tc my ghp trc chi k

250m/Ph

Tc my ghp I, I

200m/Ph

Tc thng kim my chi k

300V/Ph

Tc cc my th

800V/Ph

Tc my si con Nm 34

12.000 Vg/Ph

Nm 54

13.000 Vg/Ph

N68

13.500 Vg/Ph

Tc my ng

600m/Ph

3.4. HIU SUT MY

33

BNG 2.5. HIU SUT MY

Tn my

Hiu sut my H%

My cung bng

95%

My chi th

90%

My cun ci

90%

My chi k

90%

My ghp

85%

My si th

90%

My si con

95%

My nh ng

95%

3.5 TNH NNG SUT MY :

3.5.1. My cung bng

Vcb.60.Eo
Plt =

Kg/h
1000.Ncb

Trong : Ncb : chi s cun bng

Eo : gin ngoi l
Vcb : Tc ra bng
8,5 . 60. 1,04
Plt =

= 230,6 kg/h
1000.0,0023

PTT = Plt.
Trong : Plt : Nng sut l thuyt
PTT : Nng sut thc t
: Hiu sut my
PH = 230,6 . 95% = 219,07 kg/h
3.5.2. My chi th
Vc.a.60.Eo
34

Plt =
1000.Nc
Trong : Vc : Vn tc ra sn phm
Eo : Ko dn ngoi l = 1,485
a: S mi ra
Nc : Chi s ci ra
66,5a . 60 1,485
Pltn =

= 23,7 kg/my
1000. 0,25

PTT = Plt x = 23,7 x 90% = 21,33 kg/n/ my

3.5.3. My cun ci
60. v.Eo
Plt =

Kg/h/my
1000.Nc

V: Vn tc ra sn phm
Nc : Chi s ci ra
Eo : Ko dn ngoi l ( = 1,01)
60.60 1,01
Plt =

= 180 kg/h
1000.0,02

PTT = Plt. = 180.90% = 162kg/h

3.5.4. My chi k
60.L.n.a (1-y/100)
Plt =

Kg/n
106. Ncc

Trong
L: Chiu di a bng = 5mm
35

n: Chu k chi = 300 ln /ph

a : S mi ghp = 4
y : T l bng ri chi k = 16%
60. 5. 300. 4 (1-16/100).2
Plt =

= 35,42 kg/h
10 6. 0,0200

PTT = Plt . = kg = 35,42 x 90% = 31,86 kg/h

3.5.5. My ghp
60. V.Eo
Plt =

. Kg/h/mi
1000.Nm

Trong V : Vn tc ra sn phm = 200m/P

N : Chi s ci chi
Eo : Ko dn ngoi l .1,06
My ghp c 2 mi do
60.200.1,06.2
Plt =

= 101,76kg /h /my
1000.0,25

PH = Plt. = 101,76 85% = 86,49 kg/h/my

3.5.6. My si th
60-Nc
Plt =

.Kg/h cc
1000.Nt.K

Trong

Nc : Tc cc = 800 V/P
Nt : Chi s si th = 2
K : sn si th = 40
60.800

48.000
36

Plt =

=
1000. 2. 40

= 0,6 kg/h/cc
80.000

PH = Plt . = 0,6 x 90% = 0,54 Kg/h/cc

PH my/h = 0,54 x 120 cc = 64,8 kg/h/my
3.5.7. My si con
60.Nc
Plt =

Kg/h. cc
1000.Nc.K

Trong Nc tc cc
Nm 34 = 12.000 Vg/Ph
Nm 54 = 13.000 Vg/Ph
Nm 68 = 13.500 Vg/Ph
Nc : chi s si con K sn si con
Nm 34

700 X/m

Nm 54

845 X/m

Nm 68

907 X/m

60.12000
Nm 34

Plt =

= 0,030 kg/h cc
1000.34.700

PH = Plt. = 0,030 x 95% = 0,0287kg

DH/my/h = 0,0287 x 480 cc = 13,79 kg/h/my
Nm 54
60.13.000
Plt =

= 0,0170 kg/h/cc
1000.54.845

Plt = Plt. = 0,0170 x 95% = 0,0162 kg/h/cc

PH/my/h = 0,016 x 480 (cc) = 7,79 kg/h/my
37

Nm 68
60.13500
Plt =

= 0,013 kg/h/cc = 0,013133

1000.68.907

PH = Plt. = 0,015 x 95% = 0,0124

PH/ my/h = PH x 480 = 0,0124 x 480 = 5,988 kg / h/ my
3.5.8. My nh ng
60.Vc.m
Plt =

Kg/h/ my
1000.N

Trong Vc : Tc cun si
m: S mi (ng)
N : Chi s si con
Nm 34

60.600. 1
Plt =

= 1,0588 kg/h/ng
1000. 34

Ptt = Plt. = 1.0588 x 95% = 1,00588

PH/ my/h = 100, 588 kg/h/ my
Nm 54
60.600. 1
Plt =

= 0,666 kg/h/ ng
1000 . 54

Ptt = Plt x = 0,666 x 95% = 0,633 kg/h / ng

PH/ my/h = 0,633 x 100 = 63,33 kg/ h/ my
Nm 68

60. 600. 1
Plt =

= 0,529 kg/ h/ ng
38

1000 . 68
Ptt = Plt x = 0,529 x 95% = 0,5029

PH/ my/ h = 0,5029 x 100 cc = 50,294 kg/h/ my

BNG 2.6. NNG SUT MY

Nng sut

Tn my
Plt (kg/h. my)

Ptt (kg/h. my)

My p 1 tay nh

230,6

219,07

My chi th

23,7

21,33

My cun ci

180

162

My chi k

35,42

31,86

My ghp

101,76

86,49

72

64,8

My si con 34

14,5

13,79

54

8,2

7,79

68

7,23

5,988

My nh ng 34

105,88

100,588

54

66,66

63,33

68

52,9

50,294

My si th

3.6. BNG TIU HAO NHIN LIU

3.6.1. Lp bng tiu hao nguyn liu cho tng cng on trong dy
chuyn ko si
Tnh lng tiu hao nguyn liu
- T l ch thnh gian my (%) = 100% - t l bng ri gian my
- T l ch thnh lu k (%)
= 100% - (tng t l bng hi + ph ca gian my trc v gian my ang
tnh)
39

- T l tiu hao nguyn liu

100 x t l ch thnh lu k
TLTHNL % =
T l ch thnh gian my cui
Sn lng yu cu ca tng cng on
Trong thit k dy chuyn ko si vic xc nh c sn lng yu cu ca
tng cng on c ngha kinh t cao. N gip cho vic tnh ton thit k dy
chuyn ko si hp l chnh xc v c hiu qu kinh t cao.
Ch lm vic 1 tun 6 ngy
Sn xut 1 ngy 3 ca, 1 ca sn xut = 7,5 gi
S tun lm vic trong 1 nm 365,7 = 52 tun
S ngy ngh l tt + tt trong nm l 7 ngy
S ngy lm vic trong 1 nm 365 (52+7) = 306 ngy
S gi lm vic trong 1 nm l
306 x 7,5 x 3 = 6885 gi

3.6.2. Tnh sn lng bn ch phm qua cc cng on

Nm 34. Sn lng 800 tn/ nm
Sn lng yu cu trong 1 nm (kg)
G=
Thi gian lm vic trong 1 nm (gi)
800 x 1000
G ng =

= 116,19 kg/h
3 x 7,5 x 306

Cn c vo t l tiu hao, tnh sn lng bn thnh phm ca cc cng on

nh sau :
Sn lng cng on khu ng x t l tiu hao cng on ang tnh
40

G=
100
116,19 x 101,8
+ Si con

G=

= 118,28 kg/h
100
116,19 x 102,57

+ Si th

G=

= 119,17 Kg/h
100
116,19 x 103,1

+ Ghp II

G=

= 119,79 kg/h
100
116,19 x 103,67

+ Ghp I

G=

= 120,45 kg/h
100
116,19 x 104,22

+ Chi th G =

= 121,09 kg/h
100
116,19 x 109,21

+ My u cn =

= 126,89 kg/h
100
116,19 x 112,02

+ Nguyn liu G =

= 130,15 kg/h
100

Nm 54. Sn lng 300 tn/ nm

Sn lng yu cu trong 1 nm (kg)
G=
Thi gian lm vic trong 1 nm (gi)
300 x 1000
G ng =

= 43,57 kg/h
41

3 x 7,5 x 306
Cn c vo t l tiu hao, tnh sn lng bn thnh phm ca cc cng on
nh sau :
Sn lng khu ng x T l tiu hao cng on ang tnh
G =
100
43,57 x 101,8
+ Si con

G=

= 44,35 kg/h
100

43,57 x 102,57
+ Si th

G=

= 44,69 kg/h
100
43,57 x 103,1

+ Ghp II

G=

= 44,92 kg/h
100
43,57 x 103,67

+ Ghp I

G=

= 45,16 kg/h
100
43,57 x 104,22

+ Chi th G =

= 45,40 kg/h
100
43,57 x 109,21

+ My u cn

= 47,58kg/h
100
43,57 x 112,02

42

+ Nguyn liu G =

= 48,80 kg/h
100

Nm 68 . Sn lng 200 tn/ nm

Sn lng yu cu trong 1 nm (kg)
G=
Thi gian lm vic trong 1 nm (gi)

200 x 1000
G ng =

= 29,05

3 x 7,5 x 306
Cn c vo t l tiu hao, tnh sn lng bn thnh phm ca cc cng on
nh sau :
29,05 x 100,13
+ Si con G =
= 29,08 kg/h
100
29,05 x 102,12
+ Si th G =
= 29,66kg/h
100
29,05 x 102,82
+ Ghp II

G=

= 29,86 kg/h
100
29,05 x 103,45

+ Ghp I

G=

= 30,05 kg/h
100
29,05 x 104,09

+ My chi k =

= 30,23 kg/h
100
29,05 x 126,88

+ My cun ci =

= 36,85 kg/h
43

100
29,05 x 127,53
+ My ghp s b =

= 37,04 kg/h
100

29,05 x 128,15
+ My chi th

G=

= 37,22 kg/h
100

29,05 x 134,29
+ My u cn

= 37,22 kg/h
100
29,05 x 137,54

+ Nguyn liu G =

= 39,95 kg/h
100

3.7. TNH S MY

m bo sn xut khng b gin on, tit kim nguyn vt liu bn thnh

phm cn phi xc nh s lng my mi cng on
Ch lm vic
- S ngy lm vic trong nm : 306 ngy
- S ca lm vic trong 1 ngy :
- S gi lm vic trong 1 ca :

3 ca
7,5 gi

- S gi lm vic trong 1 nm : 306 x 3 x 7,5 = 6885 gi

Cng thc chung
Sn lng yu cu
S my lm vic =
Sn lng thc t 1 my
3.7.1. S my ko si Nm 68 chi k
* My nh ng :
- Sn lng yu cu :

29,05 kg/h
44

- Sn lng 1 my :

50,294 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

29,05/50,294 = 0,57 my

- S my lp t :

01 my

* My si con :
- Sn lng yu cu :

29,08 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

5,988 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

29,08/5,988= 4,85 my

- S my lp t :

5 my

* My si th :
- Sn lng yu cu :

29,66 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

64,8 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

29,66 /69,8= 0,4577 my

- S my lp t :

1 my

* Myghp II :
- Sn lng yu cu :

29,86 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

86,49 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

29,86 /86,49= 0,345 my

- S my lp t :

1 my

* My ghp I :
- Sn lng yu cu :

30,05 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

86,49 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

30,05 /86,49= 0,347 my

- S my lp t :

1 my
45

* My chi k :
- Sn lng yu cu :

30,23kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

30,24 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

30,23/30,24= 0,999 my

- S my lp t :

1 my

* My cun ci :
- Sn lng yu cu :

36,85 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

162 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

36,85 /162 = 0,22my

- S my lp t :

1 my

* My ghp s b :
- Sn lng yu cu :

37,04 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

86,49 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

37,04 /86,49 = 0,428 my

- S my lp t :

1 my

* My chi th :
- Sn lng yu cu :

37,22 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

21,33 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

37,22 /21,33 = 1,74 my

- S my lp t :

2 my

* My u cn :
- Sn lng yu cu :

39,01 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

219,07 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

39,01 /219,07 = 0,178 my

46

- S my lp t :
* My chi th :
- Sn lng yu cu :

37,22 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

21,33 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

37,22

3.7.2.S my ko si Nm 34 chi th
* My nh ng :
- Sn lng yu cu :

116,19 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

100,588 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

116,19/100,588 = 1,003my

- S my lp t :

01 my

* My si con :
- Sn lng yu cu :

118,28 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

13,79 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

118,28/13,79 = 8,57 my

- S my lp t :

9 my

* My si th :
- Sn lng yu cu :

119,17 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

64,8 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

1,83

- S my lp t :

2 my

* My ghp II :
- Sn lng yu cu :

119,79 kg/h
47

- Sn lng 1 my :

86,49 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

119/79/86,49= 1,385 my

- S my lp t :

2 my

* My ghp I :
- Sn lng yu cu :

120,45 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

86,49 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

120,45/86,49= 1,39 my

- S my lp t :

2 my

* My chi th :
- Sn lng yu cu :

121,09kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

21,33 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

121,09/21,33

- S my lp t :

5,676

* My u cn :
- Sn lng yu cu :

126,89kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

219,07kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

126,89/219,07 = 0,58 my

- S my lp t :

0,58 my

3.7.3. S my ko si Nm 54 chi th
* My nh ng :
- Sn lng yu cu :

43,57 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

63,33 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

43,57/63,33 = 0,687my
48

- S my lp t :

01 my

* My si con :
- Sn lng yu cu :

44,35 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

7,79 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

44,35/ 7,79 = 5,6 my

- S my lp t :

6 my

* My si th :
- Sn lng yu cu :

44,68 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

64,8 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

44,68/64,8= 0,689 my

- S my lp t :

1 my

* My ghp II :
- Sn lng yu cu :

44,92 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

86,49 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

44,92/86,49= 0,519 my

- S my lp t :

1 my

* My ghp I :
- Sn lng yu cu :

45,16 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

86,49 kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

45,16 /86,49= 0,522 my

- S my lp t :

1 my

* My chi th :
- Sn lng yu cu :

45,40kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

21,33 kg/h/my
49

- S my lm vic :

45,40/21,33 = 2,12 my

- S my lp t :

2 my

* My u cn :
- Sn lng yu cu :

47,58 kg/h

- Sn lng 1 my :

219,07kg/h/my

- S my lm vic :

0,217 my

- S my lp t :

0,217 my

Bng 2.10. THNG K CC LOI MY TRN DY CHUYN

Loi my

My

My

My

chi

ghp cun chi

Dy chuyn

cn

th

s b

ci

Nm 68

0,178

Nm 54

0,217

2,12

Nm 34

0,579 5,676

Tng

10

My My My

My

ghp ghp

My My My
th

con

ng

0,45

0,57

0,522 0,519 0,689

5,6

0,687

1,39

1,385

1,83

8,57

19

II

0,347 0,345

3.8.CN I NGUYN LIU :

Cn i nguyn liu l qu trnh tnh ton d tr, cn i gia nguyn

liu bng a vo sn xut v si sn xut ra vi cc ph thi loi ra ngoi
dy chuyn.
Cn i nguyn liu chnh xc v hp l m bo cho qu trnh sn
xut thc hin ng k hoach, duy tr sn xut lin tc d tr v cp nguyn
liu thng xuyn y cho sn xut gp phn nng cao hiu qu sn xut.

50

Cn i nguyn liu c tnh ton da trn c s bng tiu hao

nguyn liu bng sn lng cc cng on kt hp vi phng n s dung
bng hi ca dy chuyn.
Nh phn tch v tiu hao nguyn liu, vi yu cu cao v cht
lng sn phm. Vi vic s dng nguyn liu u vo vic s dng li bng
hi l cn thit m vn m bo cht lng sn phm.
+ Cn i nguyn liu vi dy chuyn sn xut si Nm 34/1 100%

cotton chi th sn lng 800 tn/ nm.

Cn c vo bng sn lng cc cng on ta bit lng nguyn liu
a vo sn xut trong 1 gi l 130,15 kg/h
Nguyn liu cn trong 1 nm sn xut l
130,15 x 306 x 3 x 7,5 = 896,082 (tn)
lng bng hi s dng li l 896,082 x 2,7 = 24,194 (tn)
Vy lng bng nguyn liu cn nhp l
896,082 24,194 = 871,888 (tn)
Trong

Bng cp I = 871,888 x 0,7 = 610,322 (tn)

Bng cp II = 871,888 x 0,3 = 261,566 (tn)

+ Cn i nguyn liu i vi dy chuyn sn xut si

Nm 54/1 100% cotton chi th sn lng 300 tn/ nm
Cn c vo bng sn lng cc cng on
Nguyn liu cn trong 1 nm sn xut l :
48,80 x 306 x 3 x 7,5 = 335,988 (tn)
Lng bng hi s dng li l
335,988 x 2,7 = 9,078 tn
Vy lng bng nguyn liu cn nhp l
51

335,988 9,072 = 326,916 tn

Trong :
Bng cp I = 326,916 x 0,7 = 228,84 (tn)
Bng cp II = 326,916 x 0,3 = 98,07 (tn)

+ Cn i nguyn liu i vi dy chuyn sn xut si

Nm 68/100% cotton chi th sn lng 200 tn/ nm
Cn c vo bng sn lng cc cng on ta c
Nguyn liu cn trong 1 nm sn xut l
39,95 x 306 x 3 x 7,5 = 275,055 (tn)
Lng bng hi s dng li l :
275,055 x 3,6 = 9,902 tn
Vy lng bng nguyn liu cn nhp l :
275,055 9,902 = 265,153 tn
Trong
Bng cp I = 265,153 x 0,7 = 185,60 (tn)
Bng cp II = 265,153 x 0,3 = 79,546 (tn)
Bng 2.11.CN I NGUYN LIU SI Nm 34 (100% cotton)
Xut

Nhp
Nguyn liu

Tn/ nm

Thnh phn

Tn/ nm

Bng Lin x I

610,322

68,11

Si Nm 34

800

89,27

Bng Lin x II

261,566

29,19

Hi

24,194

2,7

Bng hi

24,194

2,7

Ph tt

54,52

6,09

Hao bay
Ph xu
Tng

896,082

100

Tng
52

1,04
8,064

0,9

896,082

100

Bng 2.12.CN I NGUYN LIU SI Nm 54 (100% cotton)

Xut

Nhp
Nguyn liu

Tn/ nm

Thnh phn

Tn/ nm

300

89,28

Bng Lin x I

228,84

Si Nm 54

Bng Lin x II

98,07

Hi

9,078

2,7

Bng hi

9,078

Ph tt

20,394

6,09

Hao bay

3,494

1,04

Ph xu

3,02

0,9

335,988

100

Tng

335,988

Tng

Bng 2.13.BNG CN I NGUYN LIU SI Nm 68/1 (100% cotton)

Nhp

Xut

Nguyn liu

Tn/ nm

Bng Lin x I

185,607

67,48

Si Nm 68

Bng Lin x II

79,546

28,92

Bng hi

9,902

3,6

Tng

275,055

100

Thnh phn

Tn/ nm

200

72,71

Hi

9,902

3,6

Ph tt

58,140

21,14

Hao bay

2,475

0,9

Ph xu

4,538

1,65

275,055

100

Tng

CHNG 4 B TR MT BNG SP XP DY CHUYN

1. Khi qut v kin trc v b tr mt bng :
Trong nh my ko si vic b tr mt bng, dy chuyn sn xut hp
l l mt iu rt quan trng. N m bo cho vic vn chuyn nguyn liu,
bn thnh phm c thun li v nng cao hiu sut lao ng, ng thi to
53

iu kin bao qut kim tra sn xut trn dy chuyn d dng nng cao
cht lng sn phm.
V vy vic thit k xy dng nh xng phi m bo mt s yu cu
sau :
- Khu nh xng (bc ct) phi tnh ton cho bo m hp l,
kch thc ct phi chc chn, an ton, tit kim.
- Chiu cao nh m bo thong kh
- Mi nh c lp cch nhit
- Tng nh xy gch bo n
- Hng nh nn xy hng Bc Nam
- Nn nh phi phng, vng chc khng b ln
- Kho cha si thnh phm phi nm trong xng sn xut
- Kho cha nguyn liu nm ngoi xng sn xut
T nhng yu cu trn th kin trc cho n Nh my ko si l nh
hai mi c lp cch nhit, mt tng bao gm : nh sn xut chnh v xung
quanh l cc phng ph tr v kho nguyn liu. Nh sn xut chnh c lp
t ton b my mc thit b ca dy chuyn sn xut theo nguyn tc nc
chy, thun tin cho qu trnh vn chuyn bn thnh phm trn dy chuyn,

gim hao ph lao ng n mc thp nht, thun li cho vic iu tit khng
kh v c bit thun li cho vic phng chy cha chy.
Cc phng ph tr b tr xung quanh nh sn xut phc v cho sn
xut tin li v nhanh chng.
Cn c vo yu cu thit k dy chuyn sn xut th ton b khu vc
ph tr gim trm bin th, h thng iu tit khng kh, cc phng phc v
cng tc bo tr my, cc phng ph tr, nh iu hnh sn xut, phng th
nghim kim tra cht lng sn phm .
54

2. B tr khng gian v mt bng sn xut

Nh xng c thit k b tr ph hp sn xut ba loi si. M
nguyn liu sn xut ra ba loi si ny v t l pha trn cc thnh phn
nguyn liu l khc nhau v vy vic b tr cc dy chuyn trong phn xng
i hi phi hp l sao cho .
- Tit kim c din tch xy dng
- Sp xp my ca cc dy chuyn ko si theo phng n pha nguyn
liu cho hp l.
- Tn dng c nng lc thit b nht l thit b gian cung bng v
tnh cht ca tng loi nguyn liu cho tng loi si v t l phn pha trn
khc nhau cung bng chia lm hai dy cung cp cho my chi. Vic b
tr sp xp l mt vic quan trng lin quan n nhiu mt nh qu trnh
cng ngh, an ton lao ng, vn chuyn bn thnh phm, phng chng
chy do vy ta phi trn phng n ti u nht m bo cho vic sn
xut c thun tin v mi mt nh :
- To iu kin tt nht cho ngi cng nhn khi lm vic

- T chc dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut thun tin

- Li dng trit cc din tch lp t my
- To iu kin cho vic c kh ho v vn chuyn bn thnh phm
cc cng on.
- Cn c vo ta b tr my thnh tng nhm, tng khu vc m bo
cho qu trnh cng ngh sn xut c lin tc, rt ngn c qung ng
vn chuyn, tng kh nng quan st ca cng nhn vn hnh, to iu kin
cho vic s dng v qun l thit b.
Vic b tr my theo khu vc cn c ngha l m bo yu cu v
nhit v m ca qu trnh cng ngh i vi tng gian my.
55

3. Thng gi v iu tit khng kh

iu tit khng kh l mt ngnh k thut bng cc thit b my mc
chuyn ngnh to ra v duy tr n nh cc thng s trng thi ca khng
kh theo mt chng trnh nh sn ph hp vi yu cu cng ngh. Vi
mc ch nng cao nng sut lao ng, m bo cht lng sn phm, to
mi trng lm vic tt, m bo v sinh lao ng.
3.1. nh hng ca iu tit khng kh n cng ngh ko si :
Trong cng ngh ko si ngoi cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh
cng ngh ko si th iu tit khng kh cng c nh hng rt ln ngoi ra n cn
em li sc kho lu di cho ngi lao ng.
Mc ch ca iu tit khng kh l to ra ch nhit m trong gian my
theo yu cu cng ngh trong thc t khi m tng i ca khng kh khng
thay i m nhit thay i th hi m ca vt liu t thay i v khng ng k.
Nhng nu nhit khng i m m khng kh thay i th dn n hi m ca

vt liu thay i nhiu dn n cc tnh cht ca x cng thay i nh tnh n hi

tnh bn.
Mt khc vi cng mt iu kin sn xut nu khng ch n m hp l s
thun li cho qu trnh ko si. iu kin v n m bao gm iu kin v nhit
v m tng i ca khng kh .
- Nhit l i lng ch nng bi ca khng kh
- m tng i ca khng kh () l t l gia hi nc c trong 1 kg
khng kh hay m tuyt i (h) v m tng i ng vi trng thi khng
kh bo ho hi nc (max) cng mt iu kin nhit v p sut.
Nhit v m tng i ca khng kh trong gian my c lin quan nh
hng n t l hi m ca nguyn liu, ho thnh sn phm v cht lng sn
phm.
56

T l hi m Wtt (%) l t l hi nc c cha trong vt liu v khi lng

kh tuyt i ca vt liu .
S tng quan gia vt liu vi nhit v m tng i ca khng kh
c th hin qua cng thc thc nghim ca Muyle
Khi m tng i ca khng kh = 35 75%
Trong Wp : m cn bng ca vt liu
T : Nhit ca khng kh
, : H s thc nghim ph thuc vo loi vt liu
Vi bng = 0,807; = 0,0294
3.1.A. nh hng ca m
Nguyn liu ko si thng c tnh ht m cao, do t l hi m ca

nguyn liu ko si chu nh hng nhiu ca khng kh, lng nc c cha trong
nguyn liu c nh hng n trng lng ca bn thnh phm, do nh hng
n s khng ch ca thnh phm v bn thnh phm .
Ngoi ra m cn c nh hng n cc tnh cht c l ca x v si. i
vi cc loi x v si trong qu trnh hp th hi nc, x bng tr nn mm mi,
dui thng hn dc theo trc x, lm tng lin kt gia cc x. V vy khi tng
m, si bng c bn tng, ng thi khi x bng dui thng s thun li cho qu
trnh ko di. Sau khi ht m x s trng n, lm thay i hnh dng bn ngoi
ca x, s vng xon cng thay i, lm cho x trong si kt hp cht ch hn lm
tng bn ca si.
Trong qu trnh ko si lun xy ra hin tng ma st gia cc x, ma st
gia cc x vi chi tit my. Thc t cho thy h s ma st chu nh hng ca
m tng i ca khng kh v m ca vt liu. H s ma st s tng khi
m ca vt liu v m tng i ca khng kh tng ln lm tng s lin kt
gia cc x vi nhau, tng bn ca si. Mt khc ma st sinh ra tnh in trn
57

vt liu v cc chi tit my gy tr ngi cho qu trnh phn chi, ko di m hot

ng ca cc in t, khi m ca vt liu tng ln s lm gim in tr ca vt
liu, loi tr ht kh nng tnh in.
3.1.B S nh hng ca nhit
cng mt nhit , m ca khng kh cng ln th t l hi m ca vt
liu cng ln. S thay i ca nhit khng kh trong gian my cng nh hng
ti tnh cht c l ca vt liu thng qua m ca vt liu. Khi nhit ca
khng kh tng dng bay hi tch khi si x. Trong cng mt iu kin khng kh
c m tng i bng nhau, khi nhit khng kh cng cao th m ca vt
liu s km hn khi nhit khng kh thp. X, si trong mi trng khng kh
c nhit cao s b gim bn v gin t, khi gim nhit , dao ng nhit

ca cc phn t chm li n ph v lin kt gia cc phn t do x v si c

bn tng.
3. iu kin nhit v m vi qu trnh ko si
Khng ch nhit v m trong nh xng l khng ch t l hi m ca

nguyn liu, bn thnh phm, trong qu trnh cng ngh ko si nhm nng cao
nng sut, cht lng sn phm v m bo v sinh lao ng.
Trong qu trnh khng ch n m khi thay i cc thng s hao ph
nguyn liu rt ln. tit kim chi ph m bo sn xut tng cng on phi
chn cc thng s thch hp theo ch ma h v ch ma ng theo bng sau
Nhit (T0C

m tng i ca khng kh
()

Cng on
Ma h

Ma ng

Ma h

Ma ng

Cung bng

30 2

30

60 2

60 2

Chi th

30 2

30

58 2

58 2

58

Ghp, cun ci

30 2

30

58 2

58 2

Chi k

30 2

30

57 2

57 2

Th

30 2

30

62 2

62 2

Con

30 2

33

65 2

65 2

30 2

32

65 2

65 2

CHNG 5: KIM TRA CHT LNG SN PHM

1.Mc ch v ngha ca cng tc kim tra nh gi cht lng
Trong sn xut kinh doanh ni chung cht lng sn phm rt quan trng n
c ngha quyt nh s sng cn, tn ti v pht trin ca doanh nghip. N l
mi quan tm hng u ca cc nh qun l cng nh ca mi khch hng. Cn
trong ngnh dt ni ring vic kim tra cht lng sn phm ti nh my si l mt
b phn kim tra cht lng ca sn phm. Do vy cn phi c thit b th nghim
hin i da trn nguyn l th nghim ph hp vo c im cu trc ca tng
loi .
Vic s dng cc phng php kim tra cht lng mi gip chng ta d
dng trong vic trao i, mua bn sn phm vi cc nc trn th gii, c th tip
cn vi nhng tin b v cng ngh trong ngnh dt, vic s dng cc phng php
kim tra cht lng mi cn to iu kin cho cc nh cng ngh ko si nng cao
cht lng sn phm. Vic kim tra cht lng si c c trng bng mt s ch
tiu cht lng nh bn, nh, sn v khng u v cc ch tiu mi
ch tiu ny s quyt nh n cht lng si thnh phm v nh hng n vi
thnh phm. Vic khng ch cc ch tiu cht lng ca sil mt cng vic khng
th thiu trong ngnh ko si.

59

Yu cu ca cng tc kim tra cht lng sn phm l phi tin hnh thng
xuyn theo chu k hoc theo ca sn xut, khng gy bin ng cho bn thnh phm
v si. Cng vic ny do Phng th nghim v Trung tm kim tra cht lng KCS
m nhn.
2. T chc vic kim tra nh gi cht lng
Nh ni phn trn kim tra cht lng sn phm l mt cng c kim
sot cht lng sn phm. N thng bao gm :

- Kim tra cht lng bn thnh phm, thnh phm nhm pht hin ra cc
khuyt tt trong dy chuyn c cc bin php k thut kp thi nhm gim bt
v loi tr cc sn phm c khuyt tt, cc b phn my gy li sn xut ra cc
sn phm c cht lng tt nht.
- Kim tra, th nghim si thnh phm nh gi phn cp cht lng si
thnh phm. Cng vic ny thng c thc hin ti mt n v khng trc thuc
c quan sn xut hay nh my sn xut
Yu cu ca vic kim tra cht lng sn phm l :
+ Kim tra kp thi
+ S liu th nghim, kim tra chnh xc tin cy
+ Thng tin nhanh
qu trnh kim tra cht lng sn phm c din ra nhanh chng, kp
thi, chnh xc th thit b th nghim ng mt vai tr quan trng.
Ngoi ra trong vic kim tra nh gi cht lng khng th thiu vic kim
tra cc ch tiu c l ca nguyn liu v ta bit nguyn liu ng vai tr rt qu
trnh trong vic quyt nh cht lng sn phm. Cc ch tiu c l ca nguyn liu
cn l c s la chn cc thng s cng ngh trong qu trnh thit k. Thng
thng vic kim tra cc ch tiu c l ca nguyn liu c thc hin nhng ni
khng trc thuc sn xut.
60

Vy thng b tr vic kim tra cc ch tiu c l v kim tra thnh phm ti

mt ni khng trc thuc c s sn xut hay nh my m cnh v ngi ta
thng gi l Trung tm kim tra cht lng KCS. Cn vic kim tra cc ch
tiu ca bn thnh phm thng c thc hin ngay trong nh my v nhng ni
gi l phng th nghim ca nh my.

3. Cng vic lm th nghim

Thng cng tc lm th nghim c tin hnh trn ton b dy chuyn
theo phng php v chu k nht nh ph thuc vo c im cng ngh ca my
trong dy chuyn. Cng vic ch yu l kim tra cht lng bn thnh phm.
Ch yu l kim tra cc ch tiu v
- khng u on di CVn
- khng u USTER U%
- Ch s bn thnh phm Nm
- Sai lch ch s N
- sn, khng u sn
- bn, khng u bn
- Thin, thicks, neps
- x lng ca si thnh phm
- Ch tiu ngoi quan
Tu thuc vo tng cng on nht nh m cn kim tra ch tiu no. Ring
gian cung bng c khc mt cht cn cc gian khc ni chung ging nhau.
Vi gian cung bng
Dy chuyn cc my cung bng lm vic lin hon vi nhau v my cui
sn phm ra cng khng c quy cch v hnh dng c th. Tuy vy trong sn xut
vn phi quan tm n cht lng cng ngh chung ca cc my v cht lng lm
61

vic ring ca tng my. cht lng cng ngh ca dy chuyn c xc nh theo
cc c trng sau :
+ Kh nng loi tr tp v x ngn, x bng c t l tp thng t 1,5 3%

cc my trong dy chuyn phi hiu sut tr tp 65% - 70%.

+ ti ca ming bng : bng dng ming cng t, ming bng cng nh
th hiu qu x ti cng cao
3.1.NI DUNG V CHU K LM TH NGHIM CA CC MY TRONG DY
CHUYN

Ch tiu kim tra

Chu k

Nm, CVn

1 ln/ ngy

% bng ri

1 ln/ thng

Neps, mng bng

1 ln/ tun

Nm, CVn

3 ln/ ca

U%

1 ln/ ngy

My cun ci

Kim tra nh lng (g/m)

1 tun/ 1 ln/ 1 my

My chi k

Nm

2 tun/ 1 ln/ 1 my

Gian my chi

Ghp

% bng ri
U%
My si th

Nm, CVn

1 tun/ 3 ln/ 1 my

khng u U

1 thng/ 1 ln/ 1 my

sn, trng lng

1 thng/ 1 ln/ 1 my

Kim tra mi t (mi/100

1 thng/ 1 ln/ 1 my

cc)
My si con

Nm, CVn
bn

1 tun/ 1 chi s

sn

1 tun/ 1 chi s

khng u uster

1 tun/ 1 chi s

Kim tra on dy, on mng

62

on dy, on mng, kt tp
x lng, mi t

1 ln/ 1 chi s

3.2. PHNG PHP LM TH NGHIM

- My chi FA 201
- Th nghim kt tp
- My ghp FA 302
- Th nghim chi s
- My cun ci E30 : t ng kim tra v iu chnh khng u on
ngn v ch s
- My chi k E70R: t ng kim tra v iu chnh khng u theo b
dy, t l bng ri, ch s ci.
- My si th : kim tra cc ch tiu ca my si th ta lm nh sau :
+ Xc nh ch s v sai lch ch s N; cch ly mu ca my cn kim tra
khi ng si ly ngu nhin
+ Xc nh khng u si th: c trng cho ch tiu ny dng ch s
bin sai CVn cn tng mu th 10m ca 10 ng ca tng my kim tra.
+ Xc nh khng u on ngn ( khng u b dy) cho si th qua
my th uster v c c khng u U%
+ Xc nh sn si v o khng u sn, dng thit b th sn

thng thng.
- My si con
+ xc nh ch s mi ch s ly 10 ng si con khng cng mt dy xng
c hai mt my a ln gung si mi ng gung 10 mu, mi mu c chiu di
100m a ln cn ghi s cn.
+ sn : Dng my o sn
63

+ khng u Uster, h s bin sai CVn, bn, dn t, im dy,

im mng c th dng my USTERTENSORAPIDJ (ca Thu s) kim tra.
3.3. CC THIT B TH NGHIM

- Cn ch s si (cn cnh qut)

- My o sn Trung Quc
- My o bn, dn, t FRANK
- My ko t t ng USTER DVN AMATI
- My o khng u Uster 3
4. CNG TC KIM TRA XC NH CHT LNG
4.1. NI DUNG CA CNG TC KIM TRA CHT LNG

V nguyn liu ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic quyt nh cht lng
sn phm nn cng tc kim tra cht lng gm c hai ni dung c bn. Th nht
l kim tra cc ch tiu c l ca nguyn liu v th hai l kim tra cc ch tiu ca
thnh phm.
- Kim tra cc ch tiu c l ca nguyn liu gm cc ch tiu sau :
- Kim tra chiu di x
- Kim tra bn x

- Kim tra tp cht c trong x

- Xc nh m ca vt liu
- Xc nh mnh v chn ca vt liu
- Kim tra cc ch tiu ca thnh phm
- Kim tra cc chi s v sai lch chi s
- Kim tra bn
- Kim tra sn
- Kim tra khng u Uster
64

- Kim tra on dy, on mng, kt tp

- H s bin sai theo chiu di
- Kim tra x lng
- S ni t/ 500 km si
4.2. PHNG PHP KIM TRA CHT LNG

* Kim tra cc ch tiu c l ca nguyn liu

- Kim tra chiu di x
+ Dng dng c Jucop, rng lc
+ Phng php th : Chun b chm x c mt du bng, t chm x vo
u dng c, sau rt cc x phn thnh cc nhm, cn khi lng cc nhm sau
tnh ra cc ch tiu v chiu di.
- Kim tra bn x
+ Dng c kim tra Pressley: gm mt thang o, mt con chy v hm cp.
+ Phng php kim tra : chun b 10 20 chm x, chi cho x dui thng

song song, lp chm x vo kp, t kp vo v tr, nh cht hm lm con chy

trt theo thc vch sn, khi chm x b t do ti trng ca con chy, con chy
dng li, ngi ta ghi li kt qu.
Cng thc tnh ton
Ch s pressley c tnh theo cng thc
PI = Q/m
Trong PI c o bng bng Anh/mg
Q : bn ko t chm x tnh ra bng Anh
M: Khi lng ca chm x (mg)
- Xc nh m ca vt liu
+ Dng c : My sy
65

+ Phng php : ly 50 100g mu x, cn khi lng v a vo my sy.

Sau 1 gi cn ln th nht sau c 15 pht cn mt ln n bao gi gia hai ln
cn k nhau khng chnh lch qu 0,05 g coi nh l mu sy kh tuyt i.
- Kim tra tp cht c trong x
+ Dng c : my cn tp, cn
+ Phng php : Chun b mu bng khong 100g a vo my cn tp, sau
khi cn xong cn khi lng tp cht, tnh ra % tp cht c trong x.
- Xc nh mnh v chn ca nguyn liu
+ Dng c : Micronaire
Tr s Micronaire c o trn mt dng c theo nguyn l dng kh thi
qua mt nhm x c khi lng nh trc.
+ Phng php th : trc khi th cn loi b tp cht, cc x dnh bt, x

ti si v chn u. Dng cn chnh xc cn mi mu x c khi lng 3,24g.

a mu vo trong ng ri c gi tr Micronaire ca x.
-Kim tra cc ch tiu si thnh phm
Cng ging nh kim tra cc ch tiu ca my si con phng th nghim
4.3. CC THIT B KIM TRA

- Gung si
- My o sn ZWEIGLED300
- My USTER TESTER3
- My o bn si USTER TENSO RAPID3
- T sy C.53 o m ca vt liu
- Cn + qu l
- Bng den
- Micronaire
66

- Pressley

CHNG 6
T CHC LAO NG
T chc lao ng l mt khu quan trng trong t chc sn xut kinh doanh
Trong thc t sn xut cho thy trong cc x nghip d vi my mc thit
b hin i nhng vic t chc lao ng khng tt, nh mc khng st s dn n
hiu qu sn xut khng cao. V vy iu quan trng t chc lao ng ng l
s phn cng hp l lao ng, phn cng lao ng hp l s cho kh nng nng
cao nng sut lao ng.
Chuyn mn ho lao ng gip cho ngi cng nhn c nhng thi quen cn
thit vi cng vic lm h c th thc hin cng vic vi nhp cao.
Cn phi phn cng mt khi lng cng vic hp l ngi cng nhn c
vic lm trong thi gian sn xut. Trnh trng hp cng lao ng qu cao
hoc qu thp, trong mt t cc cng nhn c s h tr ln nhau trong cc dy
chuyn sn xut. Mt yu t khc gip t chc lao ng tt l vn k thut thao
tc nhanh, chnh xc s to ra hiu qu lao ng cao.
Da trn kh nng t ng ho ca my mc thit b v da trn thc t t
chc lao ng ca mt s nh my
67

Ti quyt nh phn cng nh mc lao ng nh sau :

BNG 6-1 : NH MC LAO NG NG MY

TT

My

S lng

nh mc lao ng

S ngi

S ngi

my

Ngi/ my

1 ca

3 ca

3 ngi/ dy

My bng

Dy

My chi

12

1 ngi/ 6 my

My ghp

1 ngi/ 2 my

12

My th

1 ngi/ my

12

My si con

19

1 ngi/ 2 my

10

30

My nh ng

4 ngi/ my

24

My cun ci

1 ngi// 2 my

0,5

My chi k

1 ngi/ 5 my

0,5

My OE

2 ngi/ my

34

103

BNG 6-2 : NH MC CNG NHN PHC V

TT

Cng vic

S ngi 1 ca

S ngi 3 ca

Ca ngy

Bo ton + bo dng

20

in nh sng

in trc theo ca

Sa cha theo ca

Thng gi theo ca

68

Th nghim theo ca

Th nghim ca ngy

Cng nhn vn chuyn

V sinh cng nghip

10

Cn si

11

ng gi

12

si th

13

si my con

18

19

57

Tng s

27

BNG 6-3: NH MC CN B QUN L

TT

Chc danh

S lng

Gim c

K thut cng ngh

K thut c

K thut in

Trng ca

Thao tc vin

Cn b vn phng

Kim tra cht lng

Tng s

22

Tng s l : 84 cng nhn phc v

Tng s cng nhn ng my l : 103 ngi
Tng s cn b qun l l :

22 ngi

S cng nhn d tr = 5% =

10 ngi

Tng :

219 ngi
69

PHN III : CHUYN

SI OE RO TO
tn dng lng bng ph c loi ra t dy chuyn ko si ni cc nh
my u t lp t dy chuyn ko si OE theo phng n pha bng trit tit
kim ng gp lm phong ph mt hng gm :
- Si OE r to chi th
I. PHNG PHP TH C HIN

Mun lp t c my OE sn lng 200 tn/ nm

Cc my phi lp thm
70

1. My
2. My chi FA 201 = 02 my
3. My ghp FA 302 = 02 my
4. My OE r to BD 200 = 01 my vi 240 hp ko si .
II. NGUYN LIU CHO KO SI OE:

Trn my ko si OE kiu r to, c th dng nhiu loi nguyn liu khc

nhau nh bng, x ho hc, len v x lanh hoc nguyn liu pha.
ng vi mi loi nguyn liu k trn, vi chiu di x trong phm vi nht
nh c mt loi my kiu r to thch hp.
Trn mt my ko si OE nht nh, trong iu kin khng thay i r t
cng c th s dng mt phm vi chiu di x n 60 mm.
Khc vi my ko si c im v cng l mt u im ca phng php
ko si rto, c th dng nguyn liu c chiu di x 15 mm trn my ko si OE
kiu rto v dng ph liu, hi liu x l vi t l cao, c th t ti 100%.

Bng l nguyn liu ph bin dng cho ko si OE. Cc cp bng t O n

cp IV (bng lin x) vi chiu di n 40mm u c th c s dng trn dy
chuyn ko si OE.
My BD-200 ko si t Nm 14 n Nm 54 vi nhng hn hp bng nh sau:
- Si Nm 46 n Nm 54, ko t hn hp:
Bng cp I nhm 5, t l 20%
Bng cp II nhm 5, t l 76%
Bng hi

3,5%

T l ch thnh si ca hn hp 89,03%
- Si Nm 13 n Nm 17 ko t hn hp :
Bng cp II nhm 6-7, t l 66%
71

Bng cp III nhm 6-7, t l 30%

Bng hi

4%

T l ch thnh si ca hn hp 86,08%
X visco cng c s dng ko si OE c chi s Nm 20 n Nm 40 vi
hn hp c :
Chi s x Nm 6000, chiu di 38 mm
Hn hp gm c x visco

96,65%

Visco hi

3,25%

X mui

0,10%

Si polieste pha bng (76% polieste v 33% bng) c th ko trn my BD200 n chi s Nm67. Thnh phn ca hn hp ko si pha :

Bng cp I, nhm 3, t l 60%

Bng cp II, nhm 3, t l 36,8%
Bng hi

t l 3,2%

Polieste c chi s x Nm 6000 v chiu di 36 mm

T l ch thnh si pha theo phng php ko si rto l 92,77%, so vi ko
si c in l 90,70%.
Mt trong nhng u im ca phng php ko si OE l c th s dng
mt t l cao x hi v x ph trong hn hp nguyn liu ko si chi s thp v
s dng li x hi pha (polieste pha bng, visco pha bng).
Thng thng s dng li bng ri chi k v bng mui (bng chi chm)
vi t l cao. Si ko ra t hn hp nh th thng t xp x tiu chun v
bn ca si ko ra t bng nguyn. Vic s dng cc loi x hi, x ph khc v
t l trong hn hp l bao nhiu cn tu thuc chi s si, cng dng ca si, tnh
chp ca tp cht v cc ch tiu trung bnh ca nhng loi x hi v x ph .
Kinh nghim cho thy nu pha vo bng nhm 5 (bng Lin x) n 25% bng
72

mui hoc x hi visco th bn dt ca si thay i t so vi dng 100% bng.

Nu dng 60% bng ri chi k, 30% bng nhm 5 v x mui my chi polieste
10% th bn c tng ln /5/.
Hn hp gm 75% x mui my chi v visco v 25% x visco nguyn c th
ko ra si visco vi cht lng xp x si visco khng dng x hi.
Vic ko si tng hp x di chi s thp bng my ko si OE cng kh ph
bin v ko si chi s thp c hiu qu kinh t cao hn. Chi s si Nm 1 n 5
dng cho thm, bao b, vi bc. Vi nhng loi x di dng rto c ng knh
trn 80mm.

Bn thnh phn cung cp cho my ko si OE l ci. Nh bit nguyn l

ko si khng cc kiu rto l da vo u quay ca si nm bn trong rto lin
tc bt ly di x nm p vo mt trong ca rto v xon li thnh si. Di x chu
1 lc li tm ln gp 10000 ln khi lng ca n. Tp cht, x kt, ht bi c
trong di x b lc li tm p ln mt trong ca rto. Tp cht l nguyn nhn gy
t si. V vy c yu cu chun b tt ci cung cp cho my ko si OE.
Bo m mt t l tp cht thp trong ci : s lng tp cht mm khng
c qu 150 ht trong 1 gam ci ; khi lng tp cht cng khng qu 4mg trong
1 gam ci.
- u Uster U% ci ghp t II : trong khong 2,7 3,6%
III. CU TRC SI OE:

- Cu trc ca si quyt nh tnh cht ca n v nguyn l to si, s hnh

thnh si quy nh ra tnh cht ca si.
Cu trc ca si OE khc vi si c in v tnh cht ca chng cng khc
nhau.
Trn my ko si c in, c hai giai on dn n s hnh thnh si l
ko di v xon. Qu trnh xon si thc hin trn mt di x trong cc x
73

kh dui thng, song song vi nhau v c ko cng. Khi c tc dng xon, di x

c gi trong ng nn ca sut th nht. V vy si c in c cu trc cht
ch, s lin kt v bao hp gia cc x kh mnh m.
Trn my ko si rto, di x c t bn trong rto v xon li khi c u
si bt ly cc x. Cc x c xon li vi nhau trng thi c lc cng nh.
Song song vi qu trnh t cc x ln mt trong ca rto, di x c bc ra khi
b mt rto v xon thnh si.
Gi nh dng x c x t ln mt trong rto, tit din si c n x nh vy

c s xp chng n/p ln, khong 100-150 ln. y l mt c im ca s hnh

thnh si OE. Cc x n ln lt xp chng ln nhau to ra mt s x nht
nh trong tit din si. Nh vy si OE u hn si c in.
B mt tp hp x trong rto thng c dng ch V cho nn tit din ca
dng x c hnh tam gic v qu trnh xon thnh si tri qua bn bc nh
S hnh thnh nh vy to ra 3 lp bn trong si, lp trong (li) c nhiu x
vi lc cng khc nhau do c cu trc di tn ging nh si c in. Lp gia c
t x di tn hn. Do c s trt ca x, nn li c xon khc vi lp trung gian.
Lp ngoi cng bao gm cc x m ru v nhng x bao qun xung quanh si.
l mt c im ca si OE m si c in khng c.
Khi di x c bc ra khi mt trong ca rto th c s tn ti ca x bc
cu xy v x ny gp li hoc to ra mc cu trong si. Loi x bc cu nm
bn ngoi si v di tc dng ca quy lut di tn x c th i vo bn trong si
X bc cu cng nh x bao trong si OE lm cho si km bn hn si
c in.
Trong khi ri khi b mt trong ca rto, mt s x trt v lm cho si mt
xon. X bn trong li trt t hn do mt xon t hoc hon ton khng mt

74

xon. Do cu trc chnh lch nh vy nn kh xc nh xon si OE v do mt

xon nn xon thit k cao hn xon thc t.
Nh trn ni n, lc cng nh ca x nh hng n mc cht ca
si do nh hng n c bn v xp ca si. S khc nhau v xon ca
cc x bn trong si cng lm tng xp. Cc x gp khc lm gim ng k
bn ca si. Do nhiu nguyn nhan khc nhau, si OE xp hn v km bn hn si
c in tng ng.

IV. CHT LNG CA SI OE :

Do si OE c kt cu mt cch hon ton khc so vi si c in cho nn

nhiu tnh cht quan trng ca si cng khc. Vic tm hiu nhng tnh cht ca si
OE l cn thit s dng chng mt cch c li. Hn na cn phi xy dng tiu
chun v yu cu k thut mi ph hp vi loi si ny.
u ca si OE
khng u (b dy) ca si OE c nh gi bng gi tr U hoc CV o
trn my Uster ca hng Zellweger v so snh vi tiu chun Uster.
Cc chi s si OE t Nm 20 (50 tex) n Nm 68 (14,7 tex) c phn tch
trn b do Uster.
Nguyn liu :
Bng Lin x cp I v cp II
Chiu di x 31/32 mm
mnh Nm 5500 6000 (1,65
1,8 dtex).
Kt qu o cho thy cc gi tr U
ca cc chi s ni trn u thp hn cc
gi tr ca ng 10% (10% khi lng
75

si bng chi th sn xut trn th gii

t tiu chun u ca ng ny
Hnh 3: u Uster si OE. Ugh (hnh 3).
- khng u gii hn
sch v khuyt tt
sch v khuyt tt c nh gi bng s im dy, im mng v ht kt
tnh trn 1000 mt si do t ng trn b do Uster. Kt qu ghi trn bng 1./1/
sch v khuyt tt ca si OE
Si chi th

Nm 28

Nm 34

Nm 40

Nm 50

36 tex

30 tex

25 tex

20 tex

im nng 50% tiu chun

28

40

55

90

5% tiu chun

4,5

11

Si OE

15

140

250

300

450

5% tiu chun

25

37

75

Si OE

31

19

53

73

Ht kt 50% tiu chun

220

260

300

400

5% tiu chun

43

50

60

75

Si OE

92

118

249

255

13,7

14,2

14,5

15,1

5% tiu chun

10,3

11,0

11,5

12,4

Si OE

10,8

11,2

11,8

12,7

im dy 50% tiu chun

u U% 50% tiu chun

50% tiu chun c ngha l tnh trung bnh ti Ty u c 50% khi lng si
sn xut xu hn v 50% khi lng tt hn so vi tiu chun trong bng. Si
OE t tiu chun 5% khi lng sn xut ngha l t tiu chun tt nht.
76

Cc s liu trn cho thy si OE c u, sch v khuyt tt tt hn si

chi th v c th nh gi nh si chi k.
bn ko t
Si OE c bn ko thp hn si c in. c th s dng si OE trong
nhng cng on gia cng thnh vi, bn ca si OE phi khng km hn 70%
bn si dc c in tng ng dng cng mt loi nguyn liu. H s phan tn
bn si n CV% khng c ln hn si dc c in tng ng. xon si
OE khng ly cao hn 25% xon ca si dc c in.
Cc s liu tiu chun c so snh vi kt qu th nghim c /1/
Cht lng si OE
- Bng 2Chi s
Si
(Nm)

bn
70% so
vi tiu
chun
(CN/tex)

bn
o c
(CN/tex)

H s
H s
khng khng
phn tn phn tn
u
u
bn
bn
USTER
USTER
tiu
o c tiu chun o c
chun CV
CV%
25%
%
%

20

11,4

11,8

5,1

7,2

11,3

10,5

28

10,9

11,1

8,8

9,8

12,3

10,6

34

10,2

11,0

10,5

8,6

12,9

11,4

40

10,0

10,8

11,6

8,9

13,1

11,9

50

9,9

10,5

13,0

11,3

14,0

12,2

60

9,8

10,3

13,8

10,7

14,6

13,2

68

9,8

10,1

14,3

11,3

15,1

13,5

bn mi mn

77

 bn mi mn ca si OE ln hn ca si c in. Khi b c xt, mt

ngoi ca si c in dn dn b vn li, mnh dn v t. Cn si OE c cc u
x khng c gi cht mt ngoi ca si. Khi b c xt, cao u x ny d b
t v th si mnh i v t. X b vn li t hn si c in.
Kt qu th bn mi mn ca hai loi si cho thy r kt lun trn y.
bn mi mn si OE
- Bng 3 - /1/
Si

Nm 34 (30 tex)

Nm 50 (20 tex)

C in

11280 1860

9440 2500

Chu k

Chu k

20670 6850

14730 2550

Chu k

Chu k

OE
bn mi

Trong qu trnh gia cng si thnh vi, si chu tc dng ko cng nhiu ln.
Si OE c cu trc khc si c in nn c dn ln hn. l mt tnh cht
qu, l iu kin quan trng cho qu trnh dt v to ra cht lng vi tt.
bn mi si OE

- Bng 4 - /2/
Si
mnh
khng u chi s
sn (xon/m)
78

C in

OE (my BD-200)

Nm 50,1

Nm 48,3

19,96 tex

20,70 tex

3,59%

1,70%

926

107,9

 bn t tng i CN/tex

12,45

10,87

15,41

10,41

dn t %

7,40

8,91

khng u Uster U%

18,32

12,50

H s phn tn bn t
CV%

so snh hai loi si trong qu trnh cng ngh, ngi ra th nghim

trng thi ko dn nhiu ln nh gi bn mi ca mi loi si. Th nghim
trn cc loi si mc, si h v si sau khi dt.
bn mi ca si OE
- Bng 5 - /2/
Si

C in

OE (my BD-200)

Si c in

1453

75

Si c in c h

1392

90,4

Si c in sau khi dt

2119

126,7

Si OE (BD-200)

1646

76,2

Si OE c h

1783

76,7

Si OE sau khi dt

2200

79,8

Si OE mc d c dn ln hn so vi si c in nhng d mt dn
trong qu trnh gia cng. Vic bo ton dn trong khi chun b si dc v h si
l rt quan trng khng nhng i vi qu trnh dt m cn c ngha i vi
bn ca vi. V vy cn dng cht h mi cho si OE bo m si khng b mt
dn
Tm tt mt s tnh cht ca si OE khc vi si c in :
1. u si OE tt hn th hin khng u U% nh hn si c in
khong 20%
2. u theo bn ca si OE tt hn si c in ngha l h s phn tn
bn ca si OE nh hn ca si c in khong 20 n 30%.
79

3. bn t thp hn ca si c in.
4. dn t ca si OE ln hn khong 1-2% v gi tr tuyt i.
5. Si OE c xp ln hn th hin ng knh si OE tng 10 n 14%.
6. bn mi ca hai loi si nh nhau.
7. bn mi mn ca si OE ln hn.
8. Tnh cht ca ng cong ti trng ko dn ca hai loi si nh nhau.
Si OE c nhng tnh cht bo m c vic gia cng thnh sn phm dt.
N c s dng sn xut hu ht cc hng dt hin c. Trong nhiu trng
hp c th khai thc nhng tnh cht u vit ca chng nh u tt, dn ln,
sch tt nhm hon thin qu trnh cng ngh, ci thin cht lng v m rng
mt hng mi.

V. SI OE RTO CHI K
U IM CA CNG NGH KO SI OE RTO CHI K

Trong thi gian 10-15 nm tr li y, phng php ko si OE rto pht

trin ng k v thit b v cng ngh,. Nu trc y cho rng gii hn chi s si
OE rto trong phm vi Nm 40 -54 th ngy nay c th ni n ko si OE rto chi
k n chi s Nm 80.
Trong nhng nm qua, tc rto cao hn trc, ng knh rto ngy
cng nh hn v c xu hng r rt tin n nhng chi s cao hn.
Tuy nhin theo cng ngh ko si OE rto c, mun ko si chi s cao cn
phi
- C nguyn liu bng tt, t tp cht, c ch s micrne nh, bn x tt v
di x bng trn 1 1/16
- Cng ngh x lm sch bng, chi v ghp lm u phi tt.
80

Nh vy theo cng ngh c, vic ko si OE rto cha c bo m trit

.
Cng ngh mi ko si OE rto s dng ci bng chi k.
Nhng u im ca phng php cng ngh ny :
- Tn dng mt cch tt hn nguyn liu ban u. Nu dng ci bng chi k
c th ko si chi s cao m ch khi s dng bng rt tt v rt t mi c th t
c. Tuy vy nu ko si OE rto chi k, ch cn dng n bng c cht lng
trn trung bnh v cp thp (Upgrading v Low Grades).
Vi bng tiu chun chi k c th ko si n Nm80.

Hnh 3.1. Cht lng bng v tng ng chi s si ko ra

- Cht lng si tt hn
Do gim c t l x ngn, ht kit, tp cht nh qu trnh chi k v x ti
trn my ko si rto.
- Chy my thun li hn.
bn si n tng r rt nh vy sn lng tng v c th gim sn
nhng khng gim bn.
81

 t si gim 50% v hiu sut chy my tng do t l dng my thp.

- M rng mt hng.
Nh cc tnh cht u vit ca si, c th s dng chng c nhiu mt hng v
c cm gic tay mm mi, bn cao v hnh nh r nt.
Vic p dng cng ngh chi k lc ko si OE rto lm tng gi thnh 1 kg
si. Tuy nhin c th b p li bng mt s yu t gim gi thnh, l :
- Bng ri chi k c gi tr.
- Hiu sut my cao hn.

- Gi nguyn liu bng thp hn.

- Gi si cao hn.
Bng thc nghim v tnh ton hiu qu kinh t hng ch to RITR i
n nhn nh, nu so snh chi ph sn xut cho hai loi si c in v si OE chi
k, tnh t ci v t si th th i vi nhng chi s di N m 80 chi ph sn xut
si OE thp hn si c in nhng n chi s N m80 th chi s hai loi si bng
nhau. Nu tip tc ko si OE chi k vi chi s cao hn N m80 s khng c li v
chi ph sn xut si OE chi k s cao hn.

Hnh 3.2. So snh chi ph sn xut 1 kg si

82

Theo hai phng php c in v OE rto chi k

NH HNG CA CNG NGH CHI K N KO SI OE RTO

83

NH HNG CA CHI K N KO SI OE RTO

Nh c chi k nn nhng x ngn b loi tr v mt phn nhng x cha

chn. Nhn xt thy nh Micrne ca x tng ln khong 0,1 0,2.
Cng nh c chi k, tp cht c loi tr kh nhiu. T l tp cht trong
ci chi k l 0,02% so vi trong ci chi th l 0,1%. Do rnh ca rto lu
mi b bn.
Vic ko si OE rto c nh thp d thc hin vi ci chi k v t l tp
cht thp, x ngn b loi tr, t si cng gim.
Hnh 3.3. Cho thy s ln t si trn 1000h cho 1 cc v gii hn ko si
S ln t si /1000h rto

Hnh 3.3. S ln t si/1000h rto v gii hn nh si

1. Chi th;

2. Chi k.

Tc ca rto c th tng ln nh s dng ci chi k c t l tp cht thp.

Nht l i vi vi dt kim cn mm mi th vic gim sn si OE rto khi
dng ci chi k l mt yu t quan trng tuy khng phi l duy nht.
84

Vi t l tp cht thp ca ci chi k cho php dng rto c rnh hp v gc

rnh nh. V cng nh vy vic ko si OE rto chi k t nh thp nhng

vn bo m bn si.
NH HNG CA CHI K N CHT LNG SI.
bn si OE rto chi k tng 10% so vi si chi th OE rto. iu quan
trng ny cho thy n khng b nh hng ca cc yu t khc, v d bn x
n.
Tu theo loi bng s dng, t l tng bn ny c th khc nhau. Hnh 3.4.
bn si.

Hnh 3.4. S gia tng bn si chi k

So vi si chi th tu theo loi bng s dng.
u ca si OE rto chi k cng nh s im mng, im dy vn bo
m khng b xu i. Nhng s ht kt gim r rt n 30-50% so vi si OE rto
chi k.

85

Hnh 3.5. S ht kt trn si tu thuc t l bng ri chi k.

S lng ht kt trn 1000m si o trn my USTER t tiu chun USTER
STATISTC di ng chun 5%. i vi si OE r to chi th, im yu nht
trong si c bn bng 70% bn trung bnh. Chi k khng nhng tng
bn si m cn tng bn ca nhng on mng ln.

KT LUN CHUNG

86

Sau thi gian lm lun vn tt nghip vi s gip ca Thy gio

hng dn v cc cn b chc nng ca Cng ty dt 19/5 n nay. Bn lun
vn ca em hon thnh. Bn lun vn ny da trn mt dy chuyn c sn
thit k mt hng ang sn xut v a thm mt hng mi. Phn chuyn
a my OE vo dy chuyn tn dng bng ph v lm phong ph mt
hng xut sn xut OE RO TO chi k.

Phn I:- Em tm hiu tnh hnh cht lng sn phm

- Tm hiu nh gi my mc thit b

Phn II : Trn c s dy chuyn sn xut sn c v t nhng nhn xt

rt ra phn I. Thit k mt dy chuyn sn xut cc mt hng kho st
v a thm phng n sn xut mt hng mi vi my mc thit b cn b
sung.

Phn III : Chuyn OE RO TO

- Em tm hiu v phng n pha cho si OE RO To
- Phng n s dng bng ph
- Tnh hiu qu ca si OE chi k, lm gim gi thnh sn phm, a
dng sn phm tng tnh cnh tranh trn th trng.
Qua bi lun vn tt nghip ny em rt mong cc thy c gio v cc
bn ng nghip ng gp kin em nhn ra c nhng hn ch ca bn
lun vn ny.

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