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A collection of articles on Advait Vedant

by Shri Shankar Manik Prabhu Maharaj
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16
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18
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19
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
"_oYmdr nwfmo {dmZ{YH$m` g_V:'

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26
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dVw kmZ Amho. Vr `dhmar {df`mV OodT>m hfmarZ| dmdaVo VodT>rM
27
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Vrd {Okmgm `mZm Amho Vo gd A{YH$mar AmhoV Ag| Cma Amho.
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Zmht, H$maU MV`m{edm` H$moU`m{h nXmWmV gwI Xo`mM| AJa
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28
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Amho. `dhmamVrc gwI| {dMmanydH$ nm{h`mg na_mWgwImMt

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kmZ AK{Q>V KQ>Zm nQ>r`gr _mò`m AkmZmZ| AmdV Amho, `mcm
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"H$Xm{MmmJm {df`H$aU: g`dhaZ'
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29
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H$Yt aS>Vr n[a dd$nt rVr'
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`mZ`moJmX`mo@{n&&'
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g{MV ^{OV~rO Pm`m_wi| \$$ Mmcy maYmMm Adeof
Ogm ^moJyZ `md`mMm Agoc Vgm ^moJyZ Ko`m~c ^moJm`VZemara
H$_m`m dmYrZ H$$Z ho Am_g_ag hmoVmV, `mZm òH$ AdW|V
AmZXm{edm` Xwga| H$mht \w$aV Zmht. e_m{X gmYZm{edm` {Zdi
kmZmZ| Am_H$m_ hmoVm òV| Ag| nwH$i {R>H$mUt hQ>c| Amho.
"{ddoH$m_`| gmnSo Zm & Eogo H$mhtM AgoZm'
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ggma mJ Z H$[aVm& nM CnmYr Z gmS>Vm&
OZm_`| gmWH$Vm& {dMma|M hmo`&&'
30
kmZemH$ar
"gmdY gmjo{n Am{U Xj& V`m{g VH$mi{M _moj&&'

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_w` na_mW gmYmdm& kmZ_mJ}&&'
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Amho Ag| emmV gm{JVc| Amho. OZH$mMm am`H$ma^ma, H$UmMm
ggma `m Ho$di H$Wm ZhoV.
"`mo{JZmo ^mo{JZmo dm{n `m{JZmo am{JUmo@{n M
kmZm_mojmo Z gXoh B{V doXmV{S>pS>_:'
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Ag| Zmht. mMr gJ[V cmdmd`mMr Pm`mg "O_O_mVao
dm' Aem AWmZ| cmdmdr cmJoc. _m `mZo `moJ`w$ {MmmZo
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31
Jwa\$Qy>Z qH$H$V` hmoV| Vohm Vohm o_m AV:H$aUmZ| lm

_mJgy{MH$m hmoVo, H$moU`mhr pWVrMm AZw^d Ko`mg lm nm{hOo
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Vr ^{$ A Y hmo B c . kmZ ^{$`w $M AgV| ;
kmZ`w$^p$~cmdaM VwH$mam__hmamOmZt
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amhmo _mPm ^md& {d>cnm`t&&'
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doXmV {d{e> {df` H$nyZ `mcm A{YH$mamMr O$ar XmI{dcr
Jocr Agmdr Ag| hQ>co Va doXmV {d{e> {df` hmoV Zmht. H$maU
32
kmZemH$ar
BVa {df` ~w{J` AmhoV. doXmV ~wrcm OmUrd XoD$Z d$nmV

{dcrZ H$aUmam Amho. BVa {df`mV \$cmMm {ZX}e H$aVm òVmo Va
doXmV hm AZw^d Ag`mZ| {ZX}e H$aVm òV Zmht. BVa {df`m`m
mrM| gwI n[aUm_~ Amho. doXmVmM| Vg| Zmht. BVa {df`mMo
A{Y>mZ _mUn[a{_V Amho. doXmVmM| AdmS_ZgJmoMa AgyZ n[anyU
d gdmZw `yV Amho. BVa {df`mMr g{dV ApV `m `mZ| XmI{dVm
òVo Va doXmVmV Vr "Zo{V Zo{V' `m ``mZo AZm_^md XmIdyZ
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em ZgyZ dV:{g AZw^d Amho. hm {_idmd`mMm hUOo
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{dMmamZ| _mojhr Zmhr d nwfmWhr Zmhr. eXJmoMad \$$ dm`VoZ|
g_OyZ Ko`mH$aVm Amho. `m_wi| doXmVmcm {df`d md| cmJV|.
"OVyZm ZaO_ Xwc^_V:' B`m{X dMZ nmhVmZm
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cm{dcr AgyZ ~w{~cmda m H$$Z KoVco`m {Okmgocm
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33
"BdamZwJhmXod nwgm_VdmgZm'
qH$dm
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Amho. `m H$nmN>mImct {Z`moncY Agcoc| {Za{Ve` gwI
m H$$Z KoVmZm gmYZm_wi| ASyy Zò Va {OkmgmnydH$ e`Vm|
òH$mZo PQ>md| AgmM `m amO`moJmMm CnXoe Amho.
{mo d`mVWm eymVo@{n `m{V nam J{V_
_mVm lmdmZ, {Okmgw, BVa {df`mcm Ogm Amd`H$
Amho, {VVH$mM A{YH$ma doXmVmcm nwaogm Amho. hUyZ òH$mZ|
h| gwImcm g{XmZXVm m H$$Z XoUma| kmZ e`Vm| cdH$a
AZw^dmd|. _m AZw^dey` amhZ ~mocKodS>onUm Z òBc BVH$s
H$miOr `mdr.
(hm coI VdkmZ {Xamm AmfmT> 1852 m AH$mV {g Pmcocm Amho.)
..*..*..
lr eH$a _m{UH$^w _hmamO - ^moZJraMm Xmam (1939)
doXmVmMm A`mg
lr^yZr g{>$nmZ| Amn`m gm_`mM| CKS>| XeZ _mS>c|
Amho. `m XeZmMr _mS>Ur {demc, gw`dpWV, _mohH$ d BVH$s
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d h| a_Ur`d Am_`m {Okmgo`m Amdm`m~mhoaM| Amho Agm
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H$s, XeZmM| _hd H$_r dmQy> cmJV| d Vmo Ord Kat Om`mMm
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EH$mM Z_w`mMt ~mYcoct, aJhr VmoM cmdcocm, diU| XoIrc
36
kmZemH$ar
VetM, Aem_wi| Vmo \$ma Jm|YiVmo d KaMm _mJ {dMma`mg

emr` dmQ>mS>mH$S>o OmVmo. nU Vt em|, `m XeZmVrc {d^mJ
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dV:M| Zmd d KaMm nmm {dga`mZ|, Vt `mcm, XeZmMo ~mhoa
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Ag| `mcm dmQy> cmJV|.
BVa em| _m`m nMmVrc AZdpWVnUmMr ZrQ> gJ{V
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`m nwT>rc gwI {_i{d`mMr VmdZm H$aV|. {VMm H$moU`m{h
doXmVmMm A`mg
37
gwImMm Cnghma VmdZm_H$M AgVmo. `mM AZwamoYmZ| gwImMm

nmR>cmJ H$arV Jo`mg, eodQ>t EH$mm gwImMr VmdZm S>moi`mnwT>|
R>odyZM S>moio {_Q>mdo cmJVrc d gwI {_i{d`mMr AV dmgZm
~amo~a KoV`mZ| `m dmgZo`m n[anyVVoH$[aVm nwhm O_nanam
AZwgamdr cmJoc. h| Ag| H$m hmd| h| nmh Jo`mg, `mM| _yi,
òH$ m{U_mmg, "dV_mZH$mimMr pW{V nyU gwImcm Anwar
Amho' hm Omo {X` A{ÔmV gXoe {_iV AgVmo `mV Amho. hmM
dmoH$fmMm Pam Amho. `mMr H$mg Y$Z, gwImMm nmR>cmJ Z
H$[aVm, AJXt nwa| dmQ>Uma| gwI H$moUM|, `mMm {dMma H$arV
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V{$n R>odm gmnS>`m{edm` amhUma Zmht. d Aem {dMmamcm
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òH$ emmMm dV AZwdm{XV {df` doJim Agcm
Var, Vo _moj hm na_ nwfmW _mZVmVM. nU Vmo EH$X_ AmH$cZ
hmoU| d m hmoUo XwamnmV Ag`mZ|, `m em{Vnm{XV {df`mMr
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nU doXmV hm `mM AdKS> dmQ>ocm gwc^ H$a`mH$[aVm AdVrU
Pmcm Ag`mZ|, em `m >rZ| `mM| _hd {deof Amho. dVwV:
{dMma Ho$cm Va, doXmV h| emM Zh|. H$maU dVwV doXmVmcm
emr IQ>mQ>monmMr AmdH$Vm Zmht, Vmo A`mg H$$Z
AZw^d`mMm {df` Amho. `mnojm Imoc {dMma Ho$`mg, _mVm
Am_m dV:{g Amho, `j _mUmZ|, _mU {dYrZ|, {d{Y
H$_mZ|, H$_ {nwQ>rZ| {g hmoVmo. d {nwQr {g H$a`mg _mVm
38
kmZemH$ar
nm{hOo. `mM_mUo Am_Vd h| _o` ({df`) Zho. _o` {g

H$amd`mg _mVm nm{hOo. AVw; gwc^VoZ| gmJmd`mM| hUOo,
doXmV h| òH$ _Zw`mM| Am_M[a hmo`. Amhr _yiMo {H$Vr
d^demcr Amhm| d ^c`mM {R>H$mUr dV:M| ApVd H$nyZ
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`mZm dV gwI$n H$nyZ, Vt {_imdtV hUyZ YS>nS>V Amhm|V,
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gd kmZ EH$X_ nMdy eH$V Zmht. emH$ma Amn`m {df`mV
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Amho, Ag| Amn`m AnlwVdm_wi| dmQ>V|. `mH$[aVm `mV gwc^
doXmVmMm A`mg
39
{ddoMZ Agoc, Agm JW hmVmet Y$Z, `mda ânya _ZZ

H$amd|. {VVH$m {df` AmH$cZ hmoBn`V, Xwga| `mnojm MmJc| kmZ
Amho, Ag| g_Oy Zò, Cm_ d$d ò`mg "d`mZ| Amn`m
nwT>r>c gd _S>ir Amn`mnojm A{YH$ ehmUr ZmhtV Ag| g_Omd|.
H$maU `m{edm` hm Amn`m _ZmVrc ^md n>nU| ~mocyZ XmIdy
eH$Uma Zmht.' Agm {Z`_ Amho. VmoM {Z`_, hmVmet Agco`m
nwVH$mg cmJy H$amdm. emr` IQ>nQ>tV nS>mMr Vmar
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~w{ gmnS>cr H$s Vr ^m~mdVo d {dMmamV ôginUm òVmo.
AmdS>r`m {df`mdarc, EH$mXm MmJcm JW ZrQ> c`nydH $ dmMcm
Va `m {df`mdarc BVa nwVH$mV ^mfm, CXmhaU|, d Z`m VhoZ|
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Zmht. {deofV: H$moUmM|M AZw`m{`d AJa `{${Z> A{^_mZ Z
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dmL>_` dmM`mnydvM `m` dmQ>V|. nU nwH$i doim Amn`m
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`m >rZ| doXmV dmL>_`mH$S>o {> {X`mg `mMo XmoZ _moR>mco ^mJ
nSy> eH$VmV. EH$ emr` doXmV d Xwgam gmYwgVmZt CnXo{ecocm
doXmV. Vohm W_ emr` {Z`_ ho ZnXS>dV Ag`mZ| `mM|
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na_odam`m {Z:mgmZ| doX {Z_mU hmoD$Z OJmMr aMZm
Pmcr, Agm `mMm {dmg Amho, `mZm H$moUm`mhr kmZmM| _yi
40
kmZemH$ar
emoYmd`mM| hUOo doXH$mcmV Omd| cmJoc. doXH$mcmnyduMm, _mZdr

kmZmg AdJV Agm H$mc, JhU H$aVm òV Zmhr. _mZdo{Vhmgmg
VoWyZM gwadmV hmoVo. hUyZ doXH$mc nyU mMrZH$mc _mZU| `w$
Amho; nU `m {R>H$mUt Aer eH$m òVo H$s, H$mcmM| mMrZd
doXmd$Z R>admd`mM| H$s H$mcmd$Z doX mMrZ hUmdm`mMm?
H$mc ho pW{Vn`m` moVH$ Zm_ Agc| Var doXnydH$mc hUyZ
H$mhr gy_ gdoXZm {dMmamV Am`mdmMyZ ahmV Zmht. doXmZt `m
VdmM| A`V JyT> d AdmL>_ZgJmoMa hUyZ dUZ Ho$c|, `m
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dV:M H$mcd$n Amho. `m`m crcmH$d`mZ| OJV Cn
hmoV|, ^mgV|, Zm{edV R>aV|, Vmo AZm{X H$mcH$_UoVm,
H$mc{Z`m_H$Vm WmnyZ AH$mcd nmdcm Amho. m{H$ ~YZmMr
gwadmV oWyZM hmoVo. OJVmaÛ monmgyZ m{V^m{gH$ d$nmcm
Amc| Agc| Var, ^mgH$Vm hm JwU MV`mMm Amho. H$maU
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Amhmg A`mgmd`mM| Amho. Omo na_m_m doXH$mcmV "Zo{V Zo{V'
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doXmVmMm A`mg
41
cmJVo. g{> Cn H$a`mH$[aVm Eod`mMr O$ar Amho d Vt

Eo`| AmH$me, ndr, Cfm, gy, B, dU, Amn, A{ mMr
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CoI Amho. `kH$_mZ| dJm{X B>$c^moJ gm` hmoVmV Iao, nU
`mnmgyZ Aj` gwI {_iV Zmht. eâ A_oYmZt O| BnX
gm` H$amd`mM|, Vo B AmVmn`V MmXm Pmco AmhoV. Vohm Aem
^moJmopN>> dVyMr A{^cmfm `W hmo. mmMH$mV Zm XmZ|
n[aÛ H$aVm md| hUyZ moZ|M {Xcocr hr dJm{X ^moJmMr
nw` jrU hmoBn`VMr {dlm{V Amho, h| H$mht Ia| emdV gwI
Zho; Ag| dmQy>Z _>o G${f Oohm AV_wI hmoD$Z nmh cmJco
Vohm `mZm, J^mdW|V nyU Pmco`m dm_XodmMm AZw^d \w$$
cmJcm.
VVn`{fdm_Xod: {VnoXo@h _Zwa^d gy`Mo{V&&
( ~hXma`H$ )
Ah _Zwa^d gy`Mmh H$jrdm G${fap_ {d:&

Ah Hw$g_mOwZo`Òo@h H${deZm n`Vm_m&&
Ah ^y{__XXm_m`m `mh dq> Xmewfo _`m&
Ah_nmo AZ` dmdemZm __ Xodmgmo AZwHo$V_m`Z&&
( G$doX A>H$ 3 A. 6 dJ 15. )
`mMm A{YH$ {dH$mg ZmgXr` gy$mV {XgyZ òVmo.
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g>rMm d^md hmo`. VXZw$n H$_R>, Vr, doXmVr, AVr dJao
Ho$hm{h amhUmaM. EH$mM Jmo>rda gdmMm {ddmg ~gVm Va,
H$_ H$$Z gd cmoH$ dJm{Y{>V Var Pmco AgVo qH$dm doXmVmMm
A`mg H$$Z {ZdmU nmdco AgVo, Ag| Ho$hm{h KSU| e`
Zmht. {edm` _V_VmVao ht XoIrc, g`mW {ZdS>`mH$[aVmM
Cdcoct AgVmV. Cm_ Q>rH$m AWdm gmYma IS>Z, ho IS>Zr`
{df`mcm {VHy$c hmo`mEodOt, AZwHy$c hmoD$Z COmim XoVmV.
{H$òH$ doim qZXm AWdmX$n, hUOo dV:M| _V IwcyZ
{Xg`mH$[aVm V{XVa {df`mMr VwN>Vm XmI{dcocr AgVo. hUyZ
A`mgH$mM| {VH$S>o nyU c` Agmd|.
H$_mg~Yt {dMma Ho$`mg, A`mgm{edm` H$moUV|hr H$_
hmoU| e` Zmht d `mM A`mgmcm, A{dm hUVmV. A{doMm
j` Pm`m{edm` kmZmM| H$m` nyU hmoV Zmht. H$_mMm _yi nm`m
gH$n Amho d gH$nm{edm` H$_ hmoUo XwamnmV Amho. H$_mMo
{H$Vr{h ôX Ho$co Var Vo gd ghoVwH$ d {Zh}VwH$ `m XmoZ _moR>m
gXamV {d> hmoD$ eH$VmV. ghoVwH$ H$_ amOg, Vm_g dm gmpdH$
Agmo, ~m{H$ {dH$mgmMr nm`_r H$[aVmV. ^JdmZ eH$amZt
~mUmgwamg da XoVmZm AmMacocr g_mZVoMr H$_d{m `mZmM
lr{dUyMm Aml` Ko`mg ^mJ nmS>Vr Pmcr. ~crMr `mMH$
{d_wI Z hmdm hr amOg H$_d{m dZmemg H$maUr^yV Pmcr.
54
kmZemH$ar
`mcm nwT>| AT>inX {_imc| h| Ia|, nU `mV `m`m ddmMm

cmon Pmcocm Amho. dVVm {hamdyZ KoD$Z H$moUmg Oar
MH$d{VnXmda ~g{d`mV Amc| Var V| nX dV Jar~r`m
OrdZmnojm H$_r _hdmM| R>aV|. {ddm{_mMr {Vg{> H$a`mMr
H$_d{m A{dMmamMrM R>acr. AWmV ghoVwH$ H$_-gH$n
`m`M R>aVmo. {Zh}VwH$ H$_ Pmc| Var gH$n Ho$cmM nm{hOo.
{Zh}}VwH$ H$_mcm {ZH$m_H$_, gH$na{hV H$_, AH$_ Ag|
hUVmV. nU _yimV V| Vg| ZgV|. H$moU`m{h nXmWmM| d$n
c`mV R>g{d`mM| kmZXoIrc H$_$n Amho d `mMm{h eodQ>t
`mJ H$amdm cmJVmo. ghoVwH$ {Zh}VwH$ H$_mcm ~rO^yV Agcocr
dmgZm H$_mZ| Cmo{OV hmoVo d hr kmZmg {damoYr Amho hUyZ H$_
h| _mojmM| gmYZ Zho. {Okmgycm {Mmew{`w{$ _mojmo_wI H$a`mM|
V| gmYZ Amho. {Z:ge` kmZmZ|M moj {_iVmo. H$maU nwf
H$__` ZgyZ {dm_` Amho. g>r`m `dhmamV H$_mMr
Amd`H$Vm Amho d `mM AWmZ| - "Z{h H$pMV jU_{n
OmVw {V>`H$_H$V', "cmoH$mo@` H$_~YZ:' hm cmoH$ H$_mZ|
~mYcocm Amho Agm CnXoe Ho$cm Amho. H$_mMr `m`m {dVV
H$$Z, MmcU|, ~mocU|, {dMma H$aU|, ht XoIrc H$_]M hmoV. _J
`mMm `mJ H$amd`mMm H$m`? Ag| hQ>`mg `m dm^m{dH$
H$_m~c H$moUmMmM {damoY Zmht. {ddV$n ndrMm H$_ hm
H$m`Xm Amho. hUyZ `m Am_gmoda {ddVmMm ^mg hmoVmo `m
d`{g d$nmg hm ~YZH$a hmoV Zmht. {ddVm^mg OmD$Z,
gd Am_`` hmoD$ cmJ`mg kmVm, ko d kmZ hr {nwQ>r
{eH$ amhV Zmht. m d$Z emr kmZmMr nydnr{R>H$m ZrQ>nU|
doXmVmMm A`mg
55
g_OyZ òBc. `mZVa AmnUmg emr` doXmVm`m d$nmMr

AmoiI H$$Z `md`mMr Amho. nU `mnydu {dMmam`m AmUIr
EH$m XmcZmV doe H$$.
_mòMm {dMma Ho$cm Va Vr {gmV njmV "_witM Zmht'
Ag| R>aV| d {VMr gJ{V cmd`mMm `Z {V`m A{ZdMZr`Vo_i
w |
\$gVmo. {MXm`mM| d$n {dH$V ^mdmZ|, `m AkmZm_wi| Amhmg
{XgV|, Vr _m`m hmo`. {VcmM Cnm{Y hUVmV. drO gd ^$Z
Amho nU, CnmYr{edm` {VM| gm_` JQ> hmoV Zmht nU Vr
CnmYr hUOo drO Zho. CnmYr`m {R>H$mUt gm_m`nU| Agco`m
{dOoM| {deof JQ>rH$aU H$a`mM| O| gm_` Amho V| gwm CnmYrgmYZmM| Zho. `m gmYZmcm J{V mdr cmJVo. Vr J{V gm_m`
{dOohZ {^ ZgVo. hUOo gmYZ$n `mZm J{V XoUmar drO,
gm_m` drOM {deofdmZ| gmYZmam nJQ> hmoVo. gmYZm_`| O|
{deofd Amho Vo, gmYZ~cmda JQ> Pmcoc| ZgyZ, V|{h gd
âco`m JVr`m A{Y>mZmdaM Adc~yZ Amho. `m{H$ gmYZ|
Var J{V {X`mg H$m {\$amdrV Va JVtV {\$a{d`mM| gm_` Amho
hUyZ. ~a| JVrcm Var h| gm_` H$moRy>Z {_imc| Va MoVZmnmgyZ.
MoVZ h| dV:`m gm_`mZ| J{V Cn H$aV|. nU J{V d gm`
`mM| nW$aU H$$ Jo`mg A{ZdMZr`VmM nH$amdr cmJoc.
Agmo; gd gmYZ| Zmhter Ho$ct Joct Va, _yiMr drO Zmhter hmoV
Zmht. {VM| d$n Og|`m Vg|M amhV|. Vmn` gmYZ$n Cnm{Y
dgm_`mZ| H$mhtM H$a`mg g_W hmooV Zmht. {dOoM| _yi$n
g_Oc| hUOo CnmYrZ| Pmcoco {VMo H$ma AmZXXm`H$ hmoVmV.
56
kmZemH$ar
hrM pW{V `m OJmMr Amho. h| OJ {dH$V d$nmV ^mgV|

Ag| dmQ>U| hr _m`m hmo`. {VcmM A{dm hUVmV. _mòM| {Z_ycZ
hUOo, Vr ImoQ>r Ag| ZgyZ, `m {dH$V d$nmV Vr ^mgVo `m
{dH$VrM| {_`md {g Pmc| hUOo Pmc|. H$maU Vr {dH${V
XoIrc _yiMr ZgyZ, AkmZ H$pnV Amho. cmH$S>m`m Ho$co`m
hmtV cmH$S>mMm gm_m`^md {VamoYmZ nmdVmo, V| AkmZ d hm
hmr cmH$S>mMm Amho Ag| g_OU| h| kmZ. nU Ag| kmZ Pm`mda{h
a{gH$ _Zw` `m hmr{df`t {VaH$ma JQ> H$arV Zmht. Va I`m
hmrM| gm` `m cmH$S>mcm `m H$me`mZ| m H$$Z {Xc|, `m
H$me`mM| Vmo CcQ> H$mVwH$M H$aVmo d cmH$S>mgmaIr OS> dVw
XoIrc H$me`mZ| Amn`mg dV:M| (cmH$S>mM|) d$n
{dga{d`mg H$er cmdVo, `mM| {ZarjU H$aVmZm, EH$sH$S>o
cmH$S>mM| gm_m` kmZ d EH$sH$S>o H$me`mZ| ~Zcocr cmH$S>mMr
{dH${V, `m XmohtMr VwcZm H$aVmo, hUyZ `mg CnmYrMm {VaH$ma
H$a`mM| _witM H$maU ahmV Zmht. H$maU EH$Xm `m `m H$VtVrc
ò` nhm`mH$S>o d{m Pmcr H$s, BVa H$moU`m{h gmYZmH$S>o
AmnmoAmnM Xwcj hmoV|.
dVwV: CnmYrMm of qH$dm {VaH$ma hm EH$ Ag{hUwVoMmM
H$ma Amho. EImXm YZmT> _Zw` Amn`mcm AmdS>V Zgcm
H$s, AmnU `mZ| `m _mJmZ| gn{m {_i{dcr Agoc, `mda
Q>rH$m H$a`mg gwadmV H$aVm|. `m Q>rHo$Mm _{VVmW Agm AgVmo
H$s, `m hrZ gmYZmZ| Vmo gn Pmcm, Vem gmYZmZr H$moUr{h
gn hmoD$ eHo$c nU `m _mJmM| Adc~Z Y_>m, Zr{V>m,
doXmVmMm A`mg
57
`dhmaQ>m, VH$Q>m A`mo` Ag`mZ|, ghOgm` AgyZ{h,

_r AJrH$marV Zmht hm _mPm WmoanUm hmo`. Vdm`m >rZ| hr
{dMmagaUr `mo` Zmht. H$maU gmYZ| ht naV, hUOo Y_,
g_mOZr{V `mda Adc~yZ Ag`mZ|, Ot EH$oH$mit `mo` VtM
Xwg`mdoir A`mo` R>aV AgVmV. nU Vd h| {ZaVa {Q>H$Uma| d
H$Yt{h `wV Z hmoUma| Ag`mZo, gmYZVmXm`mZ| VdmH$S>o nmhZ
MmcV Zmht. {^ H$Vr_wi| {^ gmYZ| {Z_mU hmoVmV. nU
`mVrc gm` EH$$n Amho qH$dm Zmht, h|M nhmU| AJ`mM|
Amho. VdmZwgYmZ Pmc| H$s Cnm{YgmYZmH$S>o AmnmoAmn Xwc`
hmoVo d Agm A`mgM lo`gmYH$ Amho. H${ncm-Jmo_`mZ| ew
Ho$cocr doXr, `mda gwdm{gZrZ| KmVcocr amJmoir, X^mZr Ho$coc|
n[ag_mohZ, n[aVaU, `mda Q>mH$co`m cmc~wX AjVm, hdZr`
`mZ| Vw> Pmcocm A{, Aem doit lr`kZmamÙmnwT>| C^| amhZH$mS>`monnmm` H$_~d${nUo&
dJmndJXmo M `koem` Z_moZ_: &&1&&
hUUm`m d{XH$mcm Or Am_em{V cmôc, VrM Am_em{V
Imcr A_o` d a$mMm gS>m nS>cm Amho, ~{c {Xco`m OZmdamMr
H$~Yo nS>ct AmhoV, Xodr lrH$mcr oVmda nm` XoD$Z AH$mi
{dH$mi d$nmV {damO_mZ Pmcr Amho, Aem lrH$mcr`m
CnmgH$mcm{h cm^`m{edm` amhmUma Zmht. ^$mda XodmMr Or
H$nm Vr EH$$n Amho. VoW| dJdmar ZgVo. `mM_mU| AZoH${dY
CnmgZo M o H$ma Amho V . VdXeu _mUgmM| c` Zo h _t
58
kmZemH$ar
VdmZwgYmZmH$S>o ahmd| hUOo Pmc|. H${VJwUmZw$nM gmYZmMr

AmdS> AgUma. H${V gm{dH$ Ag`mg ÔZnyOZmH$S>o d{m
hmoBc, amOg Ag`mg Cm_moom_ ^moJmMr AmdS> amhrc d Vm_g
Agmg Am mJmH$S>o d{m hmoBc. hm Cnm{YôX Amho,
nU mwio VmgmZo Ho$co`m, amOgmZ| ^moJco`m qH$dm gdmZ|
AmMaco`m gwImMr EH$dm`mVm Zmht, Ag| hUVm `md`mM|
Zmht. AmVm Ag| JhrV Yac| Va gdM Vm_gr hmoD$Z AZdWm
gJ òBc Ag| dmQ>`mg gdM gmpdH$ H$m hmoUma ZmhtV, Agm
{dMma H$amdm. CnOV ~w{ Hw$_mJuM AgVo Ag| {dYmZ YmS>gmM|
hmoBc. h| g{>d{M` Amho d V| {ZaVa amhUma Amho. Jwho H$a`mMr
d{m EH$m {d{e> JwUH$VtV Zg{JH$M Cn hmoVo d `m VVyda
Vr Adc~yZ AgVo, `mM| AmnaoeZ Ho$`mg, Vr d{m H$_r
hmoVo, Ag| g`moJ {g H$a`mMo Z A_o[aHo$V g\$c hmoV
AmhoV. `md$Z{h Cnm{YôXM {g hmoVmo. lram_, lrH$U, lrXm,
lrnmSw>aJ, B`m{X gmpdH$ XodVmMo ^$, {OV`m AmVwaVoZ| d
o_mZ| Amnmn`m Cnm`XodVoM| AMZ, ÔZ, nyOZ H$aVmV VrM
AmVwaVm d V|M o_ {N>_Vm, _hmH$mcr, Yy_mdVr dJa|`m
CnmgH$mV AgV|. XmoKo{h VrZ hmoVmV. nU gmYZ| d Cnm{Y
AJXt {^ AgVmV. hUyZ gmYZmMm AmJh qH$dm {VaH$ma
H$a`mM| H$maU Zmht. Ama^t H$mhtM ZgV|. {d{Y H$nmdm Vohm
{deof hmoVmo. Y_mMr `m`m R>a{d`m{edm` AY_ H$moUVm h|
XmI{dVm òV Zmht. ~a| {ZdS>`m{edm` dmBQ> {eH$ ahmV Zmht.
`m gd dmr`m AmJVwH$ {H$`m AmhoV. gm_m{OH$ {V>og
AmM{dUmam VwJ AmO {V>M
o r H$gmoQ>r R>acm Amho. _mZdr {dMma,
doXmVmMm A`mg
59
g_mOm`m ar{V `m `m nH$ma| ~XcV OmVmV, VgVgm

{d{Y{ZfoYmV \$aH$ nS>V OmVmo. hUyZM Vdkm`mH$[aVm "{ZJw ò
n{W {dMaVm H$mo {d{Y: H$mo {ZfoY:' Ag| hQ>c| Amho.
`dhmamM|, ZrVrM|, Y_mM| ~YZ pWVkmg cmd`mnydu, Beg{>
d Ordg{> `mMm ôX c`mV R>odU| \$ma AJ`mM| Amho. Ordg>rMo
{Z`_ n[adVZerc Ag`mZ|, H$mc Omo {d{Y Vmo AmO {ZfoY
hmoVmo, Jo`m eVH$mVrc Zr{V AmO AZr{V R>aVo. A~m{YV Agm
{Z`_, Beg>r {edm` R>aV Zmht. qh new _mZdr H$nZoZo nmnr
g_Oco OmVmV. nU dVwV: `mZm V| nmn cmJV Zmht. H$maU `m
CnmYrM| V| ghO H$m` Amho. gnmcm Y$m cmJcm H$s Vmo MmdVmo;
qdMdmcm ne hmoVmM Vmo ZmJr _maVmo; `mKmcm Im nXmWmMm
dmg òVmM Vmo `mda PS>n KmcVmo; gnm`m g_mOmV A_`mcm
Mmdmd| d V_`mcm Mmdy Zò Agm {Z`_ Zmht. dj {ZaVa
gmdcr XoVmV, nmUr {ZaVa VhmZ ^mJ{dV|, {Xdm {ZaVa COoS>
XoVmo, hm `mMm `mMm ghO Y_ Amho. `mV nw`me{h Zmht.
gdmMr {H$`m ghOY_ hUyZ hmoVo. Amhr gwm `m CnmYtV
AgVm| Va VgoM dmJcm| AgVm|. doXmVmM| h|M ò` Amho.
ghOg_m{Y, ghOmdWm `mda {deof c` AgV| Ag| hUVmV
V| `mMH$[aVm. AJmoXa Am_m H$monmZ| cmc hmoVmo d _J AmnU
amJmdVm| Ag| _witM Zmht. Amnc| gm^mg AV:H$aU H$monm`_mZ
Pm`mZ| MV` `m CnmYtV H$monm`_mZ hmoD$Z \w$$ cmJV|. V|M
Am AV:H$maUmV AmVoZ| \w$aV|. gy`mMo {H$aU Zoh_t gmaIoM
AgVmV. Amn`mcm Vo Cnm{YôXmZ| Chm`mV H$S>H$, nmdgm`mV
{_i{_irV, Va qhdm`mV gm` dmQ>VmV. h| d^d CnmYrM|
60
kmZemH$ar
Amho. _yi`m {H$aUmM| Zmht. {ZaVa gmaIoM {H$aU am{h`mg Vo

VmnXm`H$ Pm`m{edm` ahmUma ZmhtV. hm Cnm{YôX `mcm
g_Ocm, `mcm gy` hm CnmYrZ| Jmgcm Amho Ag| H$YtM dmQ>Uma
Zmht. Am`mM| d$n Ag|M Amho. Cnm{YôXmZ| Vo {dH$V Pmcog|
dmQ>V| d hm XoIrc `m Am_e$sMm _{h_m Amho. A_` Am_m,
mU_` Am_m, _Zmo_` Am_m, {dkmZ_` Am_mhr AmZX_`M
Amho. H$me d AYma, OmJ{V, dZ, gwfw{, Vw`m, C_Zr `m
d{m^mdmV Vmo doJdoJim dmQ>cm Va Vmo JwU Cnm{Y`w$ dmrMm
Amho. _yi d$nmMm Zho. hrM Cnm{Y A{dm_ca{hV, ew
gmpdH$ Pmcr H$s, OrdmM| OrdnU Z {XgVm Bdad {Xgy cmJV|
d _m`monmYrMm `mJ Pmcm H$s gd Am_^md VrV hmoVmo. `m
^mdmZ| nmh cmJ`mg gd {R>H$mUt Am_gmm {XgVo d H$iV dm
Z H$iV _Zw` Am_mohmgmH$[aVm PQ>Vmo, Ag| {XgyZ òV.| `dhmamV
Am_{ddmgm~amo~a eara{h V| H$m` H$a`mg dm hmoV|. _ZmV
EH$mX| ò` {ZaVa dmdaV AgV| d `m`m nyUVoMt \$c|
_mZgmohmgmZ| Vmo M>mIV{h AgVmo. nU `mcm `mdhm[aH$ g`d
Zg`mZ| `mMr `dhmamV nyUVm VrV hmoV Zmht d Vr hmdr
EVXW gd `Z AgVmo. ò` JhrV YaU| hr Oer EH$ H$mn{ZH$
{H$m Amho VerM mcm mdhm[aH$ gd mdo hr XoIrc
H$mn{ZH$ {H$`mM hmo`. hUyZ H$nZocm AmYma^yV Agcoc| _Z
eodQ>t H$emV _waS>V|, `mM| {ZarjU Ho$c| nm{hOo.
_Z OS> Amho. V| dV: \$moa>H$ Zmht. _Z$nr CnmYtV
\w$aUm`m Am`mdaM ho {dH$ma hmoVmV. _m {dH$mamM| _yi,
doXmVmMm A`mg
61
CnmYr Ag`mZ| {V`m n[adVZmMm n[aUm_ Am`mda hmoV Zmht.

Vmo AgJ, AIS>, AmZX_` Amho. gy`m`m nH$memV AYma d
COoS> ho XmoZH$ma ZgVmV. Vmo Oohm AmnUmg {XgoZmgm hmoVmo,
Vohm `mcm Amhr AYma hUVm| d {XgVmo Vohm COoS> hUVm|.
AWmV COoS> d AYma h| H$memM|M XmoZ ^mJ AmhoV. nU gy,
COoS> d AYma h| Vrht AZw^{dmg Mmm EH$m VoOmMr O$ar
Amho. mM VoOmZ| gy H$meVmo, COoS> Pmcmgm dmQ>Vmo d AYma
Amho h|{h nU g_OV|. V| VoO amt H$mi| dm {Xdgm nmT>a| ZgV|.
V|M Amnco d$n hmo`. Am_kmZ dVwV Amho, V| gdXm gw\${cV
Amho Agm {dMma AZw_mZmZ|, VH$mZ|, JWmdcmoH$ZmZ| AmH$cZ
hmoVmo nU V| kmZ g`VoZ| nQ>c| nm{hOo d `mMH${aVm A`mgmMr
Amd`H$Vm Amho.
(hm coI VdkmZ {Xamm Am{Z 1857 m AH$mV {g Pmcocm Amho.)
..*..*..
62
kmZemH$ar
lr eH$a _m{UH$^w _hmamO - lr Xm O`Vr Xa~ma (1943)
gmjmH$maMr $naofm
H$moU`mhr {df`mg~YmZ| Agmo, `mMm {Z{X`mg cmJcm
Agoc, `mM| `j kmZ hmoU| `mcm gmjmH$ma hUVmV.
^{$YmZ JWmVyZ JWH$`mM| O| Cnm` XdV Agoc `m`m
JmR>rôQ>rMt dUZ| AmT>iVmV. ^m{dH$ _Zw` EH$mJVoZ| Oohm ht
M[a| dmMVmo, Vohm ghO `mcm "Agm gmjmH$ma _cm hmoBc
H$m`?' Aer {Okmgm Cn hmoVo. gmjmH$ma hmdm Aer BN>m
H$m Cn hmdr `mMm {dMma Ho$`mg, m{U_mm`m R>m`t Agcocr
gwImMr AmoT> h| `mM| H$maU {XgV|. A{ÔmV gwIoNw> Ord
H${Vd^mdmZw$n ~Zco`m dmr_mU| gwImMr `m`m R>adyZ
R>odVmo d V| gwI dV:`m `ZmZ| {_ioc H$s Zmht, Aer eH$m
Y$Z Aem gmjmH$mamZ| EH$g_`mdN>oX|H$$Z V| gwI m hmoBc
d _J H$mhr B{VH$V` amhUma Zmht Ag| g_mYmZ _mZyZ KoVmo.
gmjmH$mam`m ^y{_H|$V O| ` Cr{nV hmoV| V| Amn`m qMVZ~cmZ|
64
kmZemH$ar
Pmcocm AmncmM Am_`` Amho, dV:`m gm_`mM| Vo XeZ

Amho qH$dm A` `{$ Amn`m ^{$`w$ VdZmZ| _w{XV hmoD$Z
X`mV doe H$aVo, `mMm {dMma gwc^nUo `m coImV Ho$cm Amho.
A` `$sZ| doe H$a`mOmoJr Amncr pW{V Amho Ag|
g_O`mnydu Amnc| gm_` {H$Vr Amho, CnmYrMm of Z H$aVm
dgm_`mZ| B>{g{ hmo`mg H$mht haH$V Amho H$s H$m`, V|
nmh.
H$moU`m{h {df`mMm g~Y AV:H$aUnMH$met òVmo.
AnMrH$V (gy_V: nMrH$V) AmH$memM| AV:H$aU, _Z, ~w{,
{Mm, d AhH$ma h| H$m` AmhoV. h|M gd earamV `mnma H$aVmV
d `m `mnmamMm Ama^ _ZmnmgyZ hmoVmo. _Zmg~Yt ~wmMr `m`m
"_ZmMm CX` H$maUmdmMyZ hmoV Zmhr; H$maU Zmhrg| Pmcoo H$s _Z
Zmhtg| hmoV|; _Z hm EH$ j{UH$ _mZg{d\w$aUmMm g_w` Amho,'
Aer Amho. OZ `mcm Xohn[a_mU _mZVmV, H$moUr _`_ n[a_mU
hUVmV. ht _Zw`mcm XmoZ _Z| AmhoV Ago n{VnmXZ hmoV
Amho. dVwV: _Zm`m JwUmMt dUZ| H$aUmar "MMc {h _Z:
H$U', "_Zmo`mH$aUm_H$_' Aer dMZ| AmT>iVmV. VWm{n
_ZmM| n> d {Z{MV d$n H$m` Amho h| Amn EH$ JyT>M
Amho. AVw; Am`mp_H$ rZ| _ZmM| d$n Ago Amho _Zmo d JJZmH$ma _Zmo d gdVmo_wI_ &&
_Zmo@VrV _Z: gd Z _Z: na_mWV:&&
gmjmH$mamMr $naofm
65
_Z h| AmH$memM| H$m` Ag`m_wi| `mcm AUwd AJa

{ZX}`d XoVm òV Zmht. V| `mnH$ Amho. hUyZ gd m{U_mmZm
_Zmo{dH$ma {XgyZ òVmV. m`m_mU| dZnVtZmht WH$dm òVmo,
C_mXH$ nXmWmMm `m`mda n[aUm_ hmoVmo, {df~mYoZ| `m
_aUmo_wI hmoVmV, `m{h Pm|nVmV, dZnVt_`| hmoUmar
`wmam_H$ {H$`m OcoaUo`m {Z`_mZwgma hmoV ZgyZ, gOrd
m`mV, _mmVVy_m\$V hmomm`m gdoXZmgmaIr AgVo, Ag| S>m.
~mog `mZr {g Ho$c| Amho. de{o fH$ XeZmV _ZmM| d$n _m{_H$VoZ|
gm{JVc| Amho.
"Am_|{`mW g{H$f} kmZ` ^mdo@^mdM _mZgmo {c_'
Am_m d B{`mMm g{H$f Pm`mda kmZ Cn hmoU| h|
_Zmda Adc~yZ Ag`m_wio, nyd_{V d B{`mMm g{H$f,
`m_wi| _ZmnwT>| AZoH$ {df` òVmV. `mV V| gH$n - {dH$n
H$aV|. `m `mdmtV O| \w$aU AmoOdr Agoc (\w$aU AmoOdr
AgU| ho aO-V_-gd H${V `mda Adc~yZ Amho) V| ~wrcm
gMoVZ H$aV|. ~w{ hr {ZM`m_H$ Ag`mZ| {ZM` H$aVo d _J
`mMm doe {MmmV hmoVmo. {Mm AhH$mao{aV hmoD$Z H$VdVm
A{JH$maV|. H$VdVm A{JH$m[acr Jocr H$s, h| AV:H$aUnMH$
H$_]{`mam hmoUma| nmnnw` dm kmZ|{`mam hmoUmao gwIXw:ImMo
^moJ `mMo A{YH$mar hmoV|. kmZ|{`mZm kmZm{ _Zm{edm` hmoV
Zg`mZ| `m`m JVrcm AdamoY H$aUmam {df`M Zmht. `md$Z
gmYmaUV: _ZmMo VrZ Y_ R>aVmV-
66
kmZemH$ar
(1) B{`mH$Sy>Z jUmojUr gdoXZmZt gy{MV Ho$coc| d

nydmZw^yV AZoH$ {df` KoD$Z gH$n-{dH$n H$aU|.
(2) dVyet VmXm`Vm AJrH$m$Z ~w{ gMoVZ H$aU| d
(3) ~wrMm {ZM` H$_]{`mam A_cmV AmUU|.
~w{ d {Mm `mM| H$m` _ZmZVa Ag`m_wi| d B{`Jm_
`m`m Vm`mV Ag`mZ| h| _Z nwH$i doim ~w{ d {Mm `mZm
^_dyZ gmoS>Vo|. Am{U ~w{ d {Mm ZH$mo ZH$mo hUV AgVm{h
{H$òH$ {H$`m KS>dyZ QmH$V|. hUyZ `mcm ~w{V H$am, `m`m
gm_`mMm Xwn`moJ H$$ XoD$ ZH$m, A{dMma gw{dMmamZ| Kmcdm,
`mMr MMcVm Am_{ZaV H$am, Agm CnXoe Ho$cm Amho. d
`mcmM nmn-nw`m~c O~m~Xma Y$Z lrg_WmZt nwH$i ~moY
Ho$cm Amho.
Am_mZ a{WZ {d{ eara aW_od Vw&
~wq Vw gmaqW {d{ _Z: Jh_od M&&
(H$R> Cn{ZfX A. 1 d 3)
`Vw {dkmZdmZ ^d{V `w$o Z _Zgm gXm&

Vòp`m{U d`m{Z gXm Bd gmaWo:&&
(H$R> Cn{ZfX A. 1 d 3)
gmjmH$mamMr $naofm
67
_Z: H$V H$V am_ Z earaH$V H$V_

_Z Ed _Zw`mUm H$maU ~Y_moj`mo:
h| AV:H$aUnMH$ Pmc| Var dV:`m gm`mZ| H$mhrM
H$$ eH$V Zmht. `mcm H$m`mg$ H$aUmam MV`H$meM Amho.
_Zmo` Am_m {df`met VXmH$ma hmoD$Z \w$aVmo d `mMo gd
`mnma MV`mVM hmoVmV. VWm{n,
`mo _Z{g {V>Z _Zgmo@Vamo ` _Zmo Z doX&
`` _Z: eara `mo _Zmo@Vamo `_`òf V Am_m@V`m`_V:&
~hXmaH$ Cn{ZfX
Amnc| _Z BVH|$ gm_`dmZ AgVm gmjmH$mam`m `m

d$nmMm gmjmH$ma hmdm Aer qMVZm Ho$cr Agoc `met VmXm`
hmo`mM| V| gmoS>rc h| e` Zmht. AmVm dV:M| gm_` {H$Vr Amho,
`mMm {dMma H$aVmZm, _r H$moU, h| nm{hc| nm{hOo d hmM {dMma gd
doXmV JW mVZy Ho$cocm Amho. `mMm gnUy {dMma Pmcm hUOo, `mH$[aVm
gmjmH$ma hmd`mMm d Pmcm Ag| g_Omd`mM| `mM|, AmnUM
Am{XH$maU Amhm| Ag| g_OyZ òBc, dVwV: {Z{df`VmM nU
^mfmWmH$[aVm Am{XH$maU hUmd| cmJVo. nm`mcm nmQ>mVyZ dmh`mV
H$mht mg Zmht qH$dm H$maOm_YyZ CS>`mV AmZXhr Zmht. hm
nmhUmm`m AmdS>rMm {df` Amho. {` _Zw`mMr Vw{V AZoH$
H$mamZr H$a`mV Oer _mO dmQ>Vo VmoM AmhmX AZoH$ {df`mVyZ
68
kmZemH$ar
doXmV{dMma Ho$`mZ| hmoVmo. dV:`m gm_`mM| {XXeZ {df`{ddoMZmV

doimo-doir òUma| Ag`mZ| gmjmH$mamcm AmZwf{ JH$ AgUmam `moJ,
^{$`moJ `mMm {dMma H$$.
`moJ_mJmV gmjmH$ma g_mYrZVa hmoVmo. _Z d ~w{ {MmmMo
hVH$ Ag`m_wi| {MmmMm {ZamoY H$aU| Ad` Amho. {MmmMm
{ZamoY XmoZ VhoZ| H$mamdm. A`mg d dam`. A`mg hUOo Ho$cocM
|o
nwZ: nwZ: H$aU|. dam`mM| `V_mZ dam`, `{VaoH$ dam`, EH|${`gkH$
dam` d derH$magkH$ dam` Ag| nmoQ>^Xo AgyZ n{hc| VrZ gmYmaU
AmhoV d derH$magkH$ dam hm _hdmMm Amho. `mMo nwZ: XmoZ
{d^mJ AmhoV, na d Ana. nm{hco`m d EoH$co`m {df`m~cMr
{da$s h| na dam` AgyZ _r H$Vm AgyZ ^moJ KoU| h| Ja{eV, `m
JwUmMm _mPm H$mht g~Y Zmht, ^mo$dm`m kmZmd$Z JwUm{df`t
{dVUm Cn hmoU| h| Ana dam` hmo`. `mnwT>| dmgmMm {ZamoY
H$$Z g_m{Y H$er cmdmdr h| gm{JVc| AgyZ {g{mrMm H$_
{Xcm Amho. EHy$U {gr Vodrg AgyZ A{U_m, _{h_m, c{K_m,
J[a_m, m{, mH$m`, B{eVm, d{eVm, `m AmR> dm^m{dH$s d
AZy{__d, XyaldU, XyaXeZ, _ZmoOd, H$m_$n, naH$m`mdoe,
dN>X _`w, Xodmgh H$sS>mZwXeZ, `WmgH$n g{g{, A{VhVmJ{V
`m Xhm JwUhoVw_ycH$ AgyZ {H$mckd, A`d, na{Mmmk{^kVm,
AH$~w{dfmXrZm {V>^ Am{U AnamO` `m JmU gm{JV`m
AmhoV, gkmV gmYr| m gd m hmoVmV. gmYrm XmoZ
AdWm AmhoV. EH$ gkmV d Xwgar AgkmV. gkmV g_mYr`m
AdWm Mma, g{dVH$, g{dMma gmZX d gp_Vm. AgkmV
gmjmH$mamMr $naofm
69
g_mYr`| XmoZ `` AmhoV. ^md`` d Cnm```. `mV Cnm`

`` `md`mMm. `mZmM g{deof d [Z{defo , g{dH$n d {Z{dH$n
Aet Zmd| AmhoV.
gkmV g_mYrM| d^d Amn`mcm dZmV Cn^moJVm òV|.
Wyc earamMm ZwgVm g~Y H$m`_ R>odyZ _ZmMo `mnma VOgmet
MmcVmV. _ZmMr e{$ {ZaHw$e Ag`mZ| Oo Oo ^moJ, O| O| `,
`m `m {gr _Zmcm AZw^dm`mem dmQ>VmV `m `m Vmo dZmV
Cn^moJVmo. ~hXma`H$mon{ZfXmV.
"Z V aWmo Z aW`moJ:'
(4&3&10 )
h|M gy{MV Ho$c| Amho. dZmV dZmMr AdWm BVH$s

g` ^mgVo H$s `ht ^moJcocr OmJ{V ImoQ>r dmQy> cmJVo. dZmV
OmJ{V ImoQ>r Va OmJVtV dZ ImoQ>|. dVwV: XmohtnmgyZ AmnU
A{c Amhm|V. (~h. Cn 4&3&15.16) nm`mV ahmUmao OcMa
nmUr AJXt emV AgVmZm nm`mda òD$Z IoiVmV nU `mM
nm`mda qH${MV AmKmV Pmcm H$s cmJcrM nm`mV {Z_ hmoVmV.
`m_mU| _ZmZ| dZmV C{XV Ho$coco {df` OmJVrMr OmUrd
hmoVmM _ZmVM {dcrZ hmoVmV. dZmMm ^J Ogm OmJVrZ| hmoVmo,
VVM gkmV g_mYr_`| gd, aO, V_, B`m{X JwU d OJmM|
kmZ AgV|. `m_wi| AhH$mamM| ~rO {eH$ amhV| d gd {g{
nm AgVmV. `m_wi| {H$òH$ doim _Z CMc ImD$Z g_mYrMm
70
kmZemH$ar
^J hmoVmo. dZ hUOo H$mhtVar Amho Ag| Z g_OVm, `mMr

H$m`H$maU nanam H$er Amho. `mMm {dMma H$a`mZ| Am{Y^m{VH$
emmV ~arM â nS>oc d _ZmM| d$n{h H$iy cmJoc. AVw.
AgkmV g_mYrV "G$Vâm' hUOo g`mcm YmaU H$aUmar
km m hmoVo d `m`moJ| Am_qMVZ {ZaVa hmoD$Z g_mYr ^J nmdV
Zmht. `m g_mYrMr AdWm gwfw rgmaIr Amho. (~h. Cn. 4&3&32)
nU gwfw{ hr A{dm_ycH$ d V_$n Amho Am{U g_mYr {dm_ycH$
d kmZ$n AgVo. `m {ddoMZmd$Z `moJmV XoIrc, doXmVmMm
Am_gmjmH$maM _w` Amho, h| n> hmoV|. {grH$[aVm `moJ {eH$m
Ag| H$moR>|M gm{JVc| Zmht. qH$~hZm {gr m Pmcr Var {VMm
{ZamoY H$am, H$maU `m_wi| `mH$[aVm hm H$>gm` `moJ
A`mgmd`mMm, V| _yiM Zmhtg| hmoBc. {edm` "{gr`m `moJmZ|
O| gwI AJa Or AdWm m hmd`mMr Vr Am_kmZmZ| `mdm
Zg`m_wi|, Zm{edV d j{UH$ Amho. g~~ `m _mohmV nSy> ZH$m'
Ag| nwH$i {R>H$mUt n> ~Omdc| Amho. _Zw`mZ| Amncr BN>me{$
~c Ho$cr Va {H$VrVar H$mVwH$mnX Jmo>r H$aVm òVmV. `moJmV Va
BN>me$sda Vm~m {_i{dcocm AgVmo. XrK`ZmZ| A`V gy_me
JhUnQw> B{`mH$adt OS>memZ| âco`m m`mnojm A{YH$ H$mht
H$a{dVm Amc| Va, `m~c AmM` _mZ`mM| H$maU Zmht. hm EH$
{H$`m{g A`mg Amho. g_m{YgwI Bdam`m ^$sZ|{h m hmoV|
Ag| "Bda{UYmZmm' (nmVOc `moJgy. 23) `mV hQ>c| Amho.
XyaldU Am{U XyaXeZ `m {gr AmO `mZ|{h CncY AmhoV.
Amn`mVrc OS>me AJXtM H$_r H$amdm Agm AmJh Ya`mM|{h
gmjmH$mamMr $naofm
71
H$maU Zmht. dmgZm_H$ eara| dm`yda OJVmV; VOg eara| H$memda

H$mcH$_Um H$aVmV, XdVmMr eara| VOg AmhoV. nU gd {R>H$mUt
Am_kmZ Am{U Am`mM| Vd gmaI| Amho. dmr`m AmdS>r{edm`
gmjmH$mam`m gwImH${aVm `moJ_mJmM| Adc~Z H$a`mM| H$maU
Zmht. gmjmH$mamMr `m`m Oam {dVV Ho$`mg eX, ne, $n,
ag, JY `mMm gmjmH$ma Amn`mg {XgyZ òBc
. o_i eX H$mZmda
Amcm H$s d{m AmVwa hmoV.o dmr`m JwUY_m_mU| AmdS>`m `$sMm
ne Pmcm H$s AJmda amo_mM Cô amhVmV. {df`r _Zw`mcm
rnemnmgyZ AmZX dmQ>Vmo Va, ^{$dmZm`m AV:H$aUmV B>_Vy u`m
MaUnemZ| VmoM ^md C{XV hmoVmo. {df`r _ZmZ| S>mo`mV gmR>{dcoc|
$n {H$dm loZo _ZmV gmR>{dcoc| (Xm, am_, H$U B`m{X) $n
`j {XgVmM gVm òVo. ag godZ H$$Z agZm H$VkVoZ| VVm
XmI{dVo. JYmZ| gwImo_mX òVmo. H$Vr KSy>Z Jo`mda {VMm Omo H$mht
~am dmBQ> n[aUm_ amhVmo VmoM JY; H$s{V, AmR>dUr `m JY$nM
AmhoV. Agm gmjmH$mamMm AmZX òH$ {df`mVyZ KoVm òVmo.
CXmhaUmW, H$m` d J{UV ho XmoZ {df` KoD$."Anmao H$m`ggmao
H${daoH$: Omn{V:' `m C$s_mU| g{>H$`mMo gd ^md H$drcm
m AmhoV. H${dV|V eXgmjmH$mamMr $ma O$ar Amho. eXgm>d
_ZmOmoJ| gmYU| hr EH$ "ZmnVng: \$c_' Aer Jmo> Amho.
{Vôcm An dn Z XwI{dVm Vr Oer`m Ver eXmV C_Q>`mZ|
Omo gmjmH$ma hmoVmo Vmo H${dX`mg _mhrV Zmht Ag| Zmht, {VôMm
ne Ama^t dmret hmoVmo. {df`met VmXm` nmdyZ `mcm H$m{eV
H$aVmZm `m H$nZo`m âm`m M_H$VmV, `mMm ne _Zmcm
g H$aVmo. H${dVoMo $n, N>X, {Z`_H$Vm d g`_H$Vm `m`m`moJ|
72
kmZemH$ar
H$iV|. ag hm Va H${dVoMm Am_m Amho. `mMm CJ_ "agmo d g:'

`m Am_r`Vm XmI{dUm`m lwVrnmgyZ Pmcm Amho. Vmo gdm`m
n{aM`mMm Amho. _Zmda Imoc R>gUmar H$m`mVrc _Ywa eXmdcr
H$m` dmMyZ gnmda {H$VrVar doimZ| \w$aVo d dmret {dZm{XV
hmoV ahmVo. hmM JY hmo`. J{UV {df`mM| gwm Ag|M Amho. J{UVmMr
Zdt _o`| gmJUmar eXaMZm gwMy cmJcr H$s AmVwaVm, `m`m
{gmVmMr EH$_oH$met {ZJ{S>V Agcocr nem_H$ {H$`m H$iy
cmJVmM amo_mMVm, J{UVmM| g_J $n H$iVmM gVm, nyU J{UV
gwQy>Z Cma òVmM hmoUmar VVm Am{U `m {gmVmMt R>ard dm`|
KmoH$VmZm MT>Umar gwImo_mXH$Vm ho gd `j gmjmH$maM AmhoV.
gmjmH$ma lmZwdVu Amho. lm, ^{$ m EH$$n Ag`m_wi|
gmjmH$mamMm g~Y `m {df`met {Ohm`mMm òVmo. ZmaXr` gymV
^$sMr `m`m "na_o_$nm A_Vd$nm M'Aer Ho$cr AgyV,
{VM| cjU "VX{nVm@{IcmMmaVm V{_aUo na_`mHw$cVm' Ag|
{Xc| Amho. em{S>`, Jm`, nmamea B`m{X AmMmmZt {Xco`m `m`m{h
`mM ^mdmWm`m AmhoV. A`V o_d$n Aer dVw H$moUMr Amho h|
nmh`mMm H$_e: CnH$_ Ho$`mg ApV, ^m{V d {`$n Am_mM
gdmV {` Amho Ag| R>aV|. o_mMo Cn{mWmZ AmnU Amhm|V, AmnU
o_mcm Cn H$aVm|, `mZ| AmnUM gwIr hmoVmo Am{U V| o_ Amn`mVM
{dcrZ hmoV.| ` dVy`m {R>H$mUt o_ AgV| Va VrM dVw gdmZm
{` dmQ>cr AgVr. nU Vg| `dhmamV {XgyZ òV Zmht. Or dVw
EH$mcm {` AgVo VrM Xwg`mcm A{` dmQ>V.o nXmW OoW`m VoWM|
amhVmV. `mMo {R>H$mUt H$mhtM gH$ma ZgVmo. `mda o_ H$aU| d Vo
gmjmH$mamMr $naofm
73
o_d$n Ag| _mZyZ KoU| `m Xmohr Amn`mM {H$`m AmhoV. o_mMm

_yi Pam H$moR>| Amho h| _m emoYc| nm{hOo. emoYmAVt Vmo Amn`mM
{R>H$mUt Amho Agm `` òBc
. Amnc| AZwgY mZ AmnU amI`mM|
gmoS>c| d dV:M| {d_aU dV:cm Pmc| hUyZ AmnU `mHw$c hmoD$Z
hrZ, XrZ, qH$H$a ~Zcm| Amhm|. dV: o_d$n AgyZ Xwg`mH$Sy>Z V|
AmnUmg {_imd| Aer AmnU BN>m H$aVm|. O| Amn`mOdi V|
Xwg`mH$Sy>Z {_imd| H$g|? d Xwgam Var V| XoUma H$moR>yZ? Vmo Pmcm Var
"h| VwPM| Vy ~K' Ag| gmJUma d dV:Mr dVw dV:g {_imcr
hUyZ Amhr AmZX _mZUma. hmM gmjmH$ma. CnmgZo`m nydt Oohm
AmnU {edgH$n H$aVm| Vohm, OmJ{V, dZ, gwf{w `m {Vhr
AdW|V {ed$n Am`m`m {MVZm{edm` Xwga| qMVZ _OH$Sy>Z Z
hmodmo Aer mWZm H$amdr cmJVo
`mmJVmo Xya_wX{V Xd VXw gw` VWdo{V&
XyaJ `mo{Vfm `mo{VaoH$ V_o _Z: {edgH$n_Vw&&
(Owd}X-A. 34)
d An`m earam`m òH$ ^mJmda XodVoM| A{Y>mZ g_OyZ

`m `m {R>H$mUt ne H$amdm cmJVmo. hr AhJhmonmgZm Amho.
dV: {ed$n ~ZyZ {edmMZ H$amdo.- {edmo ^ydm {ed ÒoV-
`mM| __ h|M H$s, AmnUM Amncm o_ ^md JQ> H$$Z Amncm
{dcmg ~Kmd`mMm. `m {Xdet gd gmonH$mamgh Cm_ nyOm
Pmcr Ag| Amn`mcm dmQ>oc, `m {Xdet AmZ{XV H$moU hmoVmo?
Xod H$s AmnU? `mMm {dMma Ad` H$amdm.
74
kmZemH$ar
Z emZm@{n JwUm `Vo na_oda:&

`Vo dm_Zdm@@_m d`m gdW`m{Y`m&&
(`moJdm{g>)
gd nyO|V _mZgnyOm lo> gm{JVcr Amho. H$maU `mV

dV:`m gm_`mMm ``{h òVmo.
hUmo{Z _mZg nyOm {dYmZ& gdmWu Vo YmZ&
` Am{U _mU& Xmohr òW| {dcgVr&&
X`mV CnmgZom {Z{_mmZ| Am_XodmMr {V>m H$amd`mMr,
CnmgZo`m CnmYr_wi| gd nyOmgm{h`mMt $n| AmnUM `md`mMt,
VoW| Xwg`mcm dmd {_iy md`mMm Zmht, CnmgH$ AmnU, Cnm`{h
AmnU, CnmgZm `{h AmnUM, Aem VhoZ| Am_mohmg nhmdm.
`mM| gwXa dUZ lrkmZoda _hmamOmZt Ho$c| Amho. Cnm`mMr
AZ` qMVZm Pmcr H$s, "AW F$Vw_`: nwf:' `m dMZm_mU|
dV: AmnU V| $n hmoVm| Am{U `m `m ^mdZoZ| AmnU `met
~mocmd|, H$sS>m H$amdr, da _mJyZ `mdm Ag| dmQ>V|, Vt Vt $n|
AmnUM KoVm|. qMVZm`m A`mgmZ| AV:H$aU BVH|$ V_` hmoV|
H$s, Amn`mnwT>| {XgUmam Amncm Ioi V| AmZXmZ| nhmV AgV|.
VoW| dV:`m Chmgm{edm` A` e{$ dmdaV Zg`m_wi|, `m
`m {H$`m {M{Vco`m d$nmZ| H$am`mem dmQ>VmV, `m `m
AmnUM Ho$`m nm{hOoV. AmnU Amnc| n{Vq~~ AmaemV nhmV
AgVmZm AmaemV`m {Vq~~mZ| J`mV _mi Kmcdr; Ag|
gmjmH$mamMr $naofm
75
dmQ>c| Va, AmnUM _mi KmcyZ `mdr cmJVo. H$moY AdcmoH$Z

H$amdm dmQ>cm Va, AmnU H$moYr hmd| cmJV|, hm` AdcmoH$Z
H$amdog| dmQ>c| Va AmnUM hgmd| cmJV|. gVm nhmdrer dmQ>cr
Va AmnU g hmd| cmJV|. Vmn` `m `m {H$`m AmnU H$$
`m `m AmaemVyZ {XgVmV. {deof kmZmZ| h| CnmYrM| XnU
H$mTy>Z Q>mH$c| H$s, AmaemVc| {Vq~~ Amn`mV Eo` nmdV|.
q~~mdar gaVo ew^ ~w{ Oohm &
q~~` nmdV Ago {Vq~~ Vohm&&
dm_Z, H$_Vd. A. 4
_J gd Am_^md JQ> hmoVmo.

kmZgmXoZ {dewgdVVVw V n`Vo {ZH$c `m`_mZ:
(_wS>H$mon{ZfX)
Agm kmZmMm gmX Pmcm H$s, AmnU gmJad$nr Amhm|,

Amn`mda òUmao ho CnmYrMo VaJ AmhoV, AmnU {Za{Ve`
AmZX$n AmhmoV, Ag| dmQ>V|. Amnc| gm_` {H$Vr Amho h|
gmJVmZm {ZMcXmgOr hUVmV
ApY Anma d$n __ char {dUw _hoe&
{d{Y a{d MXm dU ` e{$ YZoe JUoe &&
( {dMmagmJa)
76
kmZemH$ar
Ag| O| T> kmZ VmoM gmjmH$ma hmo`.

gnwfm`m JW mVZy Xodm`m ôQ>rMt dUZ| JW ma^r AmT>iVmV
d {H$òH$ nwT>|{h AmhoV.
^$m{M`m gm{^_mZ|& H$nm Ho$cr XmeaWrZ|&
g_W H$noMt dMZ|& Vmo hm Xmg~moY&&
_mPm dm_r aKwZmW& X`t ~gmoZr g_W&&
Ogm Ogm gmJo AW& Vgm {c{hVm| ò JWr&&
({dkmZgmJa)
JOmZZ Vmo m{Wcm& gdk Vmo g Pmcm&

daX X`t JQ>cm& am_$nr lrnVr &&
(kmZgmJa)
AmVm nwao H$ar Jm Vw{V& _r gMacm| Vw{Pò _Vt&

JW ZoBZ g_mrgr& qMVm {Mmt Y$ ZH$mo&&
(Am_$nVr{V)
`m dMZmMm {dMma H$o`mg Agm `m doiMo JW {c{h`mMm

gXm` hmoVm Ag| {XgyZ òV.| JW Cn H$a`mMr {Okmgm d
`mMr n[anyVV m ho Xmohr Am_{dcmgM AmhoV. AmnU {Z{_m
H$maU Amhm|. ` Zm_$nm_H$ {dJhmMm ^md An Amho, Aem
^mdZoZ| X`W na_m`m`m H$noM| \$i Agm {ZX}e Ho$cm Amho.
gmjmH$mamMr $naofm
77
nU `mVZy `mMr VVm AmT>iZy òV Zmht. VVm XmI{dUmat dm|

doJit AmhoV d Vt _hdmMt AmhoV.
oW| ~{doMr m{& ~ Am_d| Adcmo{H$Vr&&
`m H$[aVm H$Um_y{V gVmofcm&&
AmnUmg OmUmd| AmnU& h|M ZaXohmM| WmoanU&&
_mP| VwP| h| AdcjU& gd Xoht&&
({ZJgma)
OoU| Pmcm| g_mYmZ& OoU| nmdcm| Am_IyU&

OoU| {_imcmo ~t OmU& V|{M H$U d{Xc| `m&&
(A{Zdm`)
OoW| doXmMm AV& Omo H$m {Z{dH$n {gmV&&

Xmdy{Z`m A`V& gwIr Ho$c|&&
(JwgXm`)
pWamdcr dmr& nmJwicm mU&&

AVatMr IyU& nmdmo{Z`m&&
(VwH$mam_)
hr AVarMr IyU {_i{d`mH$[aVm ^$sV Agmo, `moJmV

Agmo dm doXmVmV Agmo _w` YmaUm nm{hOo. YmaUm hUOo
H$moU`m{h Jmo>rMm emVnU| gdmJnyU {dMma H$aU|. {Z`m`m
78
kmZemH$ar
`dhmamV XoIrc `mMm {H$Vr Cn`moJ Amho, h| `dhmakmg gmJU|

ZH$mo. hrM YmaUm Vrd H$$Z g`gwImMm emoY cmd`mMr hmd
Yacr nm{hOo. Vrd {Okmgm \$cmo_wI Pm`m{edm` ahmV Zmht.
gmjmH$mamM| ~rO Om{Ud|V Amho. OmUrd {OVH$s gHw${MV {VVH$m
{df`{h gHw${MV hmoVmo. hUyZ OmUrdocm {dVVVm {Xcr nm{hOo.
gd gH$ma _Z d ~wrda hmoVmV. nU _Z d ~w{ ho Var OmUVmV
H$go d V| Amn`mg H$iV| H$g| h| nm{hc| nm{hOo. Agm {dMma
H$arV Jocm| H$s AmnU _yi {df`mcm nm|MVm|. EH$m {d{eQ> `moOZ|V
gmjmH$ma Amho Aer H$nZm Z H$[aVm Vmo gd gXm m Amho,
H$iV Agmo dm Z H$iV Agmo, `mMm AmZX AmnUmg hmoVM
AgVmo. Z H$i`mZ| _{V ^_Vo d H$i`mZ| {ZpMVVm ~mUVo.
hm {dMma OgOgm dmT>oc, VgVg| dV:M| {d^wd ``mg òD$Z
gd {df` gmjmH$ma$n hmoVmV.
ApY Anma d$n __ char {dUw _hoe&
{d{Y a{d MXm dU ` e{$ YZoe JUoe &&
({dMmagmJa)
(hm coI VdkmZ {Xamm Am{Z - nmf 1853 m AH$mV {g Pmcocm Amho.)
..*..*..
doXmVmMm
`mdhm[aH$ {dMma
doXmVmMr gmdO{ZH$ {H$`m CV H$$Z `mda Amnco
{dMma J{WV H$a`mnojm `m {gmVm`m _ZZmZ| Amn`mda
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doXmV hQ>cm H$s `mMm, "AWmVmo ~ {Okmgm' òWnmgyZ
CJ_ hmoD$Z "g` kmZZV ~', "`mo _m n`{V gd gd
M _{` n`{V', "Ah ~mp_' òWn` {Zd{m_mJmZ| J{V
hmoD$Z AMi gwImV amh`mMm _mJ, Aer `m`m S>mo`mnwT>|
òVo d `mg~Yt AmnU H$mht {dMma H$amdm Ag| dmQ>VmM AZw~Y
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Vrd d$n KoV Zmht. _mJ {H$Vrhr H$R>rU Agmo, Vmo AmH$_`mMm
80
kmZemH$ar
T>{ZM` `mMm Agoc `mMr Jmo> doJir. nU BVao OZmZm

{VVH$s T>{ZM`Vm Zg`mZ| `mMr cmcgm ~X hmoU| An[ahm`
Amho.
Amn`m ^mf|V doXmVmMm B`W gmJmd`mMm Va Ag| gmJVm
òBc
H$s, `dhmamV Eod`gn amhZ na_mWmV gwId$n hmo`mMm
Omo _mJ Vmo doXmV.
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Amho, Ag| dmQ>`mM| H$maU Zmht. _J doXmVmdarc {ZdmrMm
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gwI gnmXZ H$a`mMo kmZ, h|M doXmVmV A`V Cn`moJr
Amho. m gwI AZw^d`m_wi| `mnojm A{YH$ gwI {_imd| Ag|
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Ag| g_Omd|. m gwI qH$dm Amn`m H$nZoZ| `mdm Agcoco
gwI `m nVrZ| {ZMi amhrc, VmoM doXmVmMm CnXoe Amho.
`mdhm[aH$ gwI j{UH$ Amho Zm? V|M pWa H$am hUOo Pmc| !
doXmVmMm `mdhm[aH$ {dMma
81
Oa V| pWaVm YarV Zmht Va `mMm `mJ H$aU| m hmoVo. hmM

emr` doXmVmVrc `mJ Am{U Xwga| gwI AmH$_UmMm Omo {ZM`r
CmoJ VrM {MmH$mJVm.
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`dhmamV W_V:M _Zw` gwIr AgVmo Ag| Zmht, AJmoXa Vmo
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Am Agmdo Ag| BpN>Vmo. dV:Mr H$nZm Xwg`mda cmXyZ `m
`mcm nQ>VrcM Aer ^mdZm JhrV Y$Z _m`m gwImH$[aVm
`mZr Vgo dmJmd| Ag| H$nyZ Vmo mmer g~Y OmoS>Vmo. nU
m BN>oMm H$mhr CnmoJ hmoV Zmht. Amnm H$nZo_mU| n[adma
Z dmJcm Va Xw:I hmoV|M, H$Xm{MV Vmo AZwHy$c Pmcm Va KS>c|
V| m Pmc| Ag| dmQy>Z `m gwImnmgyZ _Z {dQ>V|. H$maU _wimV
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gwId$n JUcocr H$nZm AZw^dmZ| g` dmQ>cr Zmht Va
Xwg`m gwImM| AmdaU _Z V`ma H$$ cmJV|. `m òH$ Z`m
gwIm`m H$nZ|~amo~a da gm{JVcocm g^ma dmhZ `mdm cmJVmo
d `{$ {VV`m H${V, `m `m`mZ| Or H$nZm gwIX VrM
Xwg`mcm Xw:IX Aer {dgJVVm Ag`mZ| gwIr ~Z`mEodOt Vmo
OmV Xw:Ir _m ~ZVmo. Vohm Agm {dMma H$a`mnojm dV:Mr
d{m CXma ~ZdyZ dOZghdmgmMm AZwHy$c {dMma H$arV Jo`mg
`mMr CXma d{m OgOer {dH$mg nmdV OmBc VgVg| gdmM|
dVZ `mcm gwId$n dmQy> cmJV| d nwT>| MmcyZ _mP| gwI namdc~r
82
kmZemH$ar
Zmht, Xwg`mm dVZmnmgyZ gwIr hmoUmam _r Zmht, _mP| gwId$n

gdmV {dZQ>c| Amho, hr CmdWm `mcm m hmoVo d Aem T>
{ZM`mZ| nQ>coc| gwImM| g` d$n H$YtM ^J nmdV Zmht.
`dhmamg doXmVmMm H$gm Cn`moJ hmoVmo `mMm {dMma
H$amd`mMm hUOo, `dhma hUOo H$m` h| nm{hc| nm{hOo. emr`
nV A{JH$ma`mg hm eX`moJM ImoQ>m R>aVmo nU EH$X_ Vg|
Z H$aVm Og| ^JyZ| dmUrg Ama^r "A ~' Ago gmJyZ VnmZ|
({dMmamZ|) `mM| n{a_mOZ Pm`mda `mnojm lo> {gmV gmJV
gmJV "AmZX ~o{V ÒmZmV' n`V Zoc|. VrM nV A{JH$m$Z
AmnU AmIcocm `dhmaM qH${MV doi g` g_OyZ `mV doXmVmM|
Vd H$g| AZw`yV Amho h| nmh. Eo`, AZwHy$c n{adma, Zr{V,
g_mOH$m`YwarUd, XoemMr H$iH$i, B`m{X Cm_ JwU `mV
AmhoV Vr `{$ `dhmamV Wmoa g_Ocr OmVo. BVHo$ JwU AJt
òUog `m `m gmYZmMr O$ar AgVo Vt _ycV: doXmVJm_r
AmhoV. Eo` gnmX`mg XrKm}moJ nm{hOo, `mV Ho$hmhr hVme
hmoVm H$m_m Zò. H$m` `mo` _mJmZ| H$arV am{hco nm{hOo. V|
doimdoit Pmc| nm{hOo. doXmVmV Var `mnojm A{YH$ H$m`
Amho? dmh n{VVmV Z H$Q>miVm H$m`mH$m``dpWVrMr OmUrd
R>oD$Z Xa doiog AmnU gwIr H$go hmoD$ hmM {dMma H$amd`mMm
AgVmo. `mM| m` Eod` Va `mM| pWagwI EdT>|M.
Eod`mrZVa `mMm H$Q>>mim òU| gmh{OH$ Amho. nwhm nwT>rc
gwImMm _mJ. EHy$U `mV d `mV {deof \$aH$ {XgV Zmht.
83
AZwHy$c n[admamM| gwI ^moJ`mg doXmVmMr {edH$U OodT>r

Cn`moJr nS>Vo VodT>r Xwgar nS>V Zmhr. {d{dYVm d H${V{^d
ho g{>Mo AZm{X Y_ AmhoV. `mnydv gm{JV`m_mU| BVamM| gwI
AZwHy$c H$$Z Ko`mMr dV:Mr CXmaVm h|M `mM| d_ Amho d
`m{edm` AZwHy$c n[admamM| gwI {_iU| Ae` Amho.
ZrVrcm doXmV \$maM nmofH$ Amho. ZrVrMr Vd| `m g_mZVoda
AmIcr Jocr AmhoV Vr g_mZVm doXmVmV nXmonXt Jm{`cr Jocr
Amho. gdmg gwI ^moJ`mMm gmaIm h$ Amho. Xwg`mnmgyZ gwI
hmo`mg AmnUhr `mcm gwImMm _mo~Xcm {Xcm nm{hOo, ho ZrVrM|
Vd I`m doXmVmnmgyZM Cn Pmc| Amho. g_^md d gmd{H$
H$`mUX ~w{ hmM doXmVmMm CnXoe Amho. ZrVrMm \$m`Xm
XoeH$mc, g_mOn[apW{V `mZr `mdm Ag`mZ| Vmo ~Xcy eH$Vmo.
nU doXmV gdH$mcrZ gwImcm gdUmam Ag`mZ| `mMo {gmV
{H$mcm~m{YV AmhoV.
g_mOH$m`mM| YwarUd d dXoeH$iH$i `mcm dgwYd
Hw$Qw>~H$Vm nm{hOo. `m{edm` Iar H$m_{Jar hmoV Zmht. `mVc|
gd`mnH$d doXmVmVyZM KoVc| Amho. AmhoV ho cmoH$ _mPo qH$dm
gmd{H$ _rM hUU| `mV WmoS>m \$aH$ Amho d `m XmoZ ^mdZoZ| Oo
H$m` hmoV| `m`m n[aUm_mVhr hm \$aH$ {XgyZ `mVmo. gmd{H$
_rM âcocm Amh| Aer {Wa km `mg cm^cr `mMm n[aUm_
`mcm dmQy> cmJ`mnmgyZ hmoVmo. _ZmVco ^md JQ> H$a`mg
Oet Amnct B{ò Vna AgVmV VV {damQ d$nmMm Omo ^md
84
kmZemH$ar
Vmo JQ> H$a`mg gd g{> Vna AgVo. _mPm g_mO `m ^mdZ|V

_r d g_mO, Agm XwOm^md Amho. W_ _mPr gwYmaUm hmdr
ZVa _r {` _mZco`m g_mOmMr gwYmaUm hmdr Agm ^md òVmo.
g_mOmet EH$$nVm Z Pm`mH$maUmZ| `m`m H$nZo~amo~a Cgir
_maUmao Ad`d V`ma ZgVmV Vohm Cn[a{Z{X> W_ {dMmamnojm
Xwgam {dMma AJr ~mU`mMm g` `Z `dhmamg Ogm `Wm`mo`
Amho, VgmM Vmo doXmVmghr nyU AZwHy$c Amho.
dV XoemV eyad hm `mdhm[aH$ ~h_mocmMm JwU AgyZ
Vmo `WmW Amho. eyad AJr ~mU`mg doXmVmMm {H$Vr Cn`moJ
Amho ho gmJ`mg A{YH$ {c{h`mMr O$arM Zmht. AOwZm`m
AJr `WmW eyad ~mU`mg ^JdmZ lrH$Umg JrVm CnXoemdr
cmJcr `mnojm ^$_ nwamdm H$m` nm{hOo?
`dhmamV Cm_ JUco Jocc
o o gd {Z`_ doXmVmZr H$go AcH$ V
AmhoV h| XmI{d`mMm _t `Z Ho$cm Amho. AgmM {dMma A{YH$
`mnH$ Ho$`mg òH$ pW{V gwIXm`H$M Amho Ag| dmQy> cmJV|.
ò` _m nm{hOo. gwIm`W PQ>U| hm m{U_mmMm d^md{g
Y_ Amho. gwImMm AmHw${MV ^md Q>mH$mdm hUOo "AWmVmo
~{Okmgm' Mr nmàr òVo. AmnU O| H$aVm| V| g_OyZ Ho$c|
nm{hOo, CJrM H$mht Var H$arV amhU| hUOo AYd A{JH$m$Z
MmMnS>U| Amho. "{M{cmg: nMmoh' Aer pW{V na_ H$`mUH$a
Amho, nU Vr Am` Amho Ag|hr Zmht. H$moUMmhr {dMma _ZmV
òD$Z `mMm {dH$ma hmoD$ cmJ`mnydu Oam W` Y$Z mMm n[aUm_
85
dmrda H$gH$gm hmoV OmVmo h| nhmd|. gwImMm {dMma Amcm H$s

`m`m n[anyVVoH$[aVm Oo Oo {dH$ma hmoVmV, `m`moJ| H$gm AZw^d
òVmo h| nhmd|. `mM_mU| Xw:IX {dH$mamMmhr {dMma H$amdm. Ag|
nmh cmJc| hUOo gwIXw:Im{X {dH$mam`m B{VhmgmM| g_J AdcmoH$Z
H$aUmam _r AgyZ Xmohr ^mdZmMm _rM gmjr Amh| Ag| dmQy> cmJV|.
amr _cm gwImZ| Pm|n cmJcr hmoVr, hUUmam JmT> {Z|V _ ZhVm
Ag| R>aV|. H$maU VmoM {Z{V AgVm Va gwImZ| Pm|n cmJcr Ag|
gmJVm Amc| ZgV|. Pm|n Z òU| d gwImZ| Pm|n òU| `m Xmohr
AdWmMm Vmo gmjr hmoVmo. hUyZM Vmo nW$aU$n `m`m H$$
eH$Vmo. _Zw` H$moU`mhr doXZo`m AmYrZ Pmcm H$s `mMo dmrda
hmoUmao n[aUm_ Vmo gmJ AdcmoH$Z H$[aVmo ZVa `m doXZoMm Amamon
Amn`mda H$$Z KoD$Z Cne_ H$aUmao Cnm` emoYrV AgVmo.
n[aUm_mM| gmJ AdcmoH$Z hmo`m~amo~a hm n[aUm_ _m`mdaM Amho
H$m` Ag| Oam {dMmamZ| nm{hc| H$s gm{jd nQ>V|. Ae VhoM|
gm{jd `hr nQy> cmJco H$s _yi {dMma `m A{dmdo{>V dmrZ|
hmoVmo `mM|hr gm{jd nH$amd| Ag| AmnmoAmnM dmQy> cmJVo.
`m ~m~VqV {edam_ _hmamOmMm"dmr {OH$S>o Ymdo {VH$S>o Z Omdo Vr nmR>r&
{VMm Zoh_t gmjr hmoVm d$nt gXm ôQ>r&&'
hm CnXoehr cjmV Ko`mgmaIm Amho. gwImM| g` d$n
H$iy cmJU| hr H$_r _hdMr Jmo> Zmht.
86
kmZemH$ar
namoj ~{dkmZ emX Xo{eH$nydH$_&

~w{nydH$V nmn H$Z Xh{V d{dV &&
gm_m` kmZmMo H$m` òWdaM Amho. `dhmamMo gmJ
g_mcmoMZ gm_m` kmZmZ| hmoD$Z `mV Vmo drU hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
BVH|$ Pm`mda {deof kmZmMr O$ar AmnmoAmnM ^mg_mZ hmoVo.
_mS>r MTy>Z Jo`mda gmonmZmMr, {Xdm cmd`mda H$mS>mMr Oer
O$ar ZgVo `m_mU| AkmZmonm{YH$ {ddV Zme hmoD$Z Zw` nyU
gwIr hmoVmo.
`dhmamMr Am{U doXmVmMr gmJS> Kmc`mMm hm CnH$_
AJXtM Zdm Amho Ag| Zmht. gd gmYy gnwfhr `dhma gmoS> m
Ag| gmJV ZmhrV. {df`mZ| AmZXmamon H$$Z KoUma| kmZM `m`m
`mJmcm dm hmoV|. _m gH$ma Pmco nm{hOoV d ho gH$ma
EH$mM nVr`m {dMmamV AmhoV Ag| Zmht. kmZ Og| gmd{H$,
Vg|M gH$mahr gmd{H$M AmhoV. {dMma _m Ho$cm nm{hOo.
g{MV, {H$`_mU, maY `m `moJ| Ord ~mYcm Jocm Agcm Var
`mMr CnOV C_u òH$ AdW|V OmJdrV AgVo Vr cjmV
KoD$Z `m VdmZwgYmZmZ| KS>V Mmcco`m {H$òMm {dMma H$arV
Jocm hUOo Pmc|. Vnmcm Var kmZM YmZ Amho. "kmZ YmZ
Vn:&'
"òZ {dkmVoZ gd {dkmV ^d{V' hr $clw{V `m
doXmVmMr Amho, Vmo `dhma Cm_ H$a`mg _XV H$arV Zmht h|
87
hUU| Ia| Zmht. qH$~hZm MmJcm doXmVrM Cm_ `dhma H$$

eH$Vmo Ag| {Vnm{X`mg A`Wm hmoUma Zmht. H${V{^dm_wi|,
dmQ>`mg ~wrMm erU Kmcd`mg nwH$i emr` VH$ Am{U
`mMm CnH$_ Amho Vmo nmhmdm nU Eo`na: lw{Vdmàm_m eH$me_mZmo@{n&
Xo{eH$X`m{dhrZanamoj{`Vw Z e`Vo nwf:&&
(hm coI VdkmZ {Xamm Am{Z 1851 m AH$mV {g Pmcocm Amho.)
..*..*..
lr eH$a _m{UH$^w _hmamO - doXmV gmh qXS>r (1944)
_m`mdmX Am{U AOmVdmX

narjU
Zd`wJ Y_ IS> 1cm, lr_`mZX, lrXm^$ ah`, lr
Ord_w$ d AmYw{ZH$ Vdk, _Zmo~moY Am{U Zdm _Zw, B`m{X
JWmMo, Hw$ec d H$gcoco coIH$ lr. am. am. g. H$. \$S>Ho$ `mZt
Am_mam_ {dm{dZmoX `m gwXa d `WmW ZmdmImct "_m`mdmX
Am{U AOmVdmX,' `m ZmdmM| doXmV{df`H$ gdmXm_H$ nwVH$
{g Ho$c| Amho. gdmXmMm _w` {df` "OJp_md' hm AgyZ
_w` {df` {MmmH$fH$ hmoD$Z gdmXmMm MT>Vm aJ H$_r Z hmdm
hUyZ Omo Xw`_ hoVw J{hV Yacm Amho `mMm Iwcmgm CnmomV d
VmdZ|V Imcrc _mU| Z_yX Amho.
1 ""_m`mdmX d AOmVdmX `mg doXmVm`m WmZ`tV
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90
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Xo`mMm `Z Ho$cm Amho.''
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91
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93
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doe {_i{d`mg `mMo XmoZ dJ H$pnVm òVmV. (1) AmYw{ZH$
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94
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{ZpMV {_`md{g{ hmoBc. OJV ImoQ>oM Amho Vohm `m~c
Cn{mH$_ H$gmhr gm{JVcm Var Mmcoc Ag| hU`mZ| T>Va
{_`md~w{ hmoUma Zmht. OJV {_`m, Am^mg_`, {dH$n_m,
Xw:I_ycH$, AZWmdh d gd$nmZwgYmZmg AS>Wim H$aUma|
Amho Va V| nam`mZ| H$m Cn Ho$c|? `mV `mMm hoVw H$m`?
{edm` BV`m KS>m_moS>tMm H$Vm nwhm gd XmofmnmgyZ A{c Amho
101
h| AmM` Zho H$m`? B`m{X gmYH$m`m _ZmV CdUm`m

eH$mM| g_mU {Z_ycZ hmd| d d{m geà{hV hmdr hUyZ
doXmVemmV Ama^dmX, n[aUm_dmX d {ddV qH$dm Am^mgdmX
gm{JVcoco AmhoV. doXmVmV Ama^dmX Jm ZgyZ `mcm gmonm{YH$
{ddV hUVmV. ho VrZ dmX d nma_m{WH$, m{V^m{gH$ d `mdhm[aH$
gmmôX ZrQ> g_O`m{edm` Ana-na_mW qH$dm AOmVdmXmM|
d$n H$iUma Zmht.
doXmVmMm {gmV "EH$_odm{Vr`_' Ho$dc gmm_m EH$$n,
EH${OZgr, EH$d^md, {M_m ~M Amho, `mV {dOmVr`
g~Ymcm dmdM Zmht, _J _mm H$moRy>Z AgUma? nU OJVmMr T>
{_`md{g{ hmoBn`V A`mamon AJa Ad{H$`|V {dnarV
^mdZo`m CnghmamMm {df` hUyZ _mòMm A{JH$ma H$amdm cmJVmo.
`{VaoH$ qH$dm {Zamg gmJVmZm H$pncocr _m`m {_`mM R>aVo.
J{UVm`m g_rH$aUmVrc "j' cm J{UV gmoS>{dmMr gmm AgV|
nU Vmo yi J{UVmm omV Ogm H$mht {d{M mnma qH$dm
~Xc H$$ eH$V Zmht VV hm moMm "j' XoIrc na~m`m
d$nmV ZmZmd qH$dm XwOm^md Cn H$$ eH$V Zmht. òH$
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Vd{Okmgycmhr _m`m H$n`mMm h$ Amho. hUyZ _m`mdmXmMr
Odm~Xar CmamH$mcrZ doXm`mda ZgyZ VdMMm H$aUm`m òH$
{Okmgyda Amho Ag| hUVm òBc
. "j' _`| Oer J{UV gmoS>{d`mMr
gmm Amho Vgm _m`|V{h Am^mg Amho d `m Am^mggm_`mZ|M
_m`m Beg{> ^mg{dVo. hr _ycmd{m gdJwUYmZ d H$mc{Z{_mH$
102
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Ag`mZ| Bdamg `m grMm ^moJ KS>V Zmht. Vmo g{> H$$Zhr

A{c Amho. pWVk gd `dhma H$$Z A{c AgVmV, `mM|hr
__ h|M Agmd|. H$mc{Z{_mH$ Ord H$_mMm A{^_mZ qH$dm AhH$ma
~miJrV Zg`m_wi| `mZm `mM| H$m` ~YZ H$$ eH$V Zmht.
H$mam{JamZ| Ho$cocm gn `mcm ^`H$nm{X Cn H$$ eH$V Zmht
qH$dm {MVm`mZ| aoImQ>co`m ndVm{X AMa d `mKJOm{X Ma
nXmW_mmZ| `mMm ^md {dM{cV hmoV Zmht. ZmQ>H$mVrc Zm{`Ho$cm
_r A_wH$ Zm`H$Mr ^m`m Amh| Agm A{dm_ycH$ ^_ ZgVmo, Va
{dm_ycH$ Am^mg AgVmo. hUyZ Vr Amn`m n{V qH$dm nw{d`moJmZ|
d^mdV: Xw:{IV Z hmoVm ojH$m`m _Zmda Xw:I^md C_Q>{d`mg
g_W hmoVo. Oar `mV "AVp_VX~w{:' Agcr Var Vr AkmZ
d AhH$ma_ycH$ Zho. kmZnydH$ EH$mMo AZoH$ {XgU| `mcm AkmZ
hUVm `md`mM| Zmht. hm gmonm{YH$ ^_ ZgyZ {Znm{YH$ ^_
Amho. hUyZ BdamMr g{> qH$dm Bdagm` Pmcocr km`mMr {>
`m`m ghOgm_`mZ| {XgUm`m XoIm`mdc O~m~Xma ahmV
Zmht. Ordg{> hm _m`mg>r (Beg{>) Mm OS> n{aUm_ Amho.
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_mUmV dmT>V amhrc {VV`m AemZ| OS> ^md OmJV hmoVmo, {VcmM
A{dm Ag| hUVmV. `m A{d|Vhr Am^mg ZgVmo Ag| Zmht. Va
Vmo gmonm{YH$ OS> AemZ| gn Pm`m_wi| AhH$mamMm `` ~ZVmo.
hmM AhH$ma H$_mMm A{^_mZr Amho. Beg>tVrc Am^mg òW|
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nhmUm`m`m {djone$sMr ~mYm `m`m ~wrcm `m H$ma| AmdaU
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g{> hr nhmUm`m`m >rMm Xmof Ag| hQ>c| OmV|. AhH$mamMm
`` OrdH$_mMm A{^_mZr Ag`m_wi| H$_^moJmMm AIS> dmh
Mmcy Amho. nU VmpdH$ >rZ| nhmVm Ord hm ZgVm Amamon
Amn`mda H$$Z KoVmo. g~~ W_ Ordmcm Amn`m A{^_mZmnmgyZ
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{dVV doXmVemm`m òH$ _o`mMm gmame ngJ V: Z_yX Ag`mZ|
{Okmgy`m A`mgmcm ZdrZ d AmOH$mc`m ^mf|V diU cmdyZ
{X`mM| lo` JWH$`mg Amho.
gdmXm`m ^mfog~Yt H$mht Amjon KoVm ò`mgmaIo AmhoV
h| OmUyZ `mMm g{dVa Iwcmgm JWH$`mZt CnmomV n> 10 d
11 da Ho$cocm Amho. `mV Vo hUVmV:
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{c{hU| AZw{MV Ia| nU Am_mZw^dr coIH$ `m Am_{ZM`mZ|
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~moWQ> hmoVmV Am{U JhZ {df`hr WmoS>m {MmmH$fH$ hmoVmo.''
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doXmMr $nH$m_H$ ^mfm, ^dmZ| `mH$crcm ~mM| d$n
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hm dVwV Ag`mZ| Vmo dmX{ddmXmMm {df` ZgyZ R>gdyZ Ko`mMm
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kmV H$$Z XoU| h| emmM| H$m` Amho. Am_m AkmV Zmht qH$dm
emr` _o` Zmht. H$maU _o`m`m {grH$[aVm _mVm nm{hOo.
_mVm Am_m d`{g Amho d `m_wi|M Vmo `jmcmhr òV
Zmht. H$maU Zoh_t `jVm _mUmZ|, _mU {dYrZ|, {d{Y H$_mZ|,
H$_ {nwQ>rZ|, {nwQ>r _mVoZ| {g hmoV AgVo. _mVm Am_m
d`{g Ag`mZ| darc H$_M cmJy nS>V Zmht hUyZ `m`m
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105
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kmZ R>gdyZ `md`mM| AgV|. hUyZ `m {df`mH$aVm dmnacr
OmUmar ^mfm AmoOdr, J^ra, A{YH$ma`w$ d g_d`m_H$
nm{hOo. nwamU gmJVmZm nwam{UH$mcm EH$m {d{e> gH$mananaoZ|
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doXmVMM|V d^mdV:M CnXoeH$mMr `mo`Vm m hmoV AgVo.
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amhV Zmht.
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AgVmV hUyZ Vo ghOmghOt Zmhtgo hmoV ZmhtV. _VôXmMr Wm
A{daV MmcyM Amho.
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Vmdw^m `{X gdkm _VôX: H$W ^doV&&'
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^mfmgaUrMm Adc~ Ho$`mg gd _VôX EH$X_ Zmhtgo hmoVrc

Aer Amem H$aU| `W Amho d JWH$`mZthr Ver Anojm
~miJcocr Zmht, Var CnXoeH$-CnXo` ^md R>odyZ MMm Pmcr
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d V| H$m` `m nwVH$mZ| Cm_ Ho$c| Ag`m_wi| hm gdmX gJm d
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_moj hm XoIrb ^_ Amho
107
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hUOo B{VH$V`Vm Pmcr, O_aU ggV rVyZ Ord H$m`_Mm _moH$im
Pmcm, AmVm nwZ: O_ Zmhr, _r nwhm naV òUma Zmhr, {ZaVa
gwIr amhVmo, Ag| {dMma `m AdWoV \w$aVmV, Vr _mojmdWm
Ago JWmVyZ dU Amho. nU gy_ {dMmamZr, _moj hm gwm, "_r
~ Amho' `m`m ~amo~arMm gmpdH$ kmZmdeof ^_M Amho.
"_r ~ Amho' `m XeoVrc OrdmMo {dH$ma AhH$mam_wi|
dH$VdVm AJrH$m$Z _m`mO{ZV gwIX:Im{X {dH$ma ^moJ`mg
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Ord EH$ H$mao V{fVM amhVmo.
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H$amd`mMo hUOo, AZoH$ O_JV AkmZm`m OS> XS>nUmImcr
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nyUpW{Vn`V kmZmZ| nQ>dyZ KoUo hm _mJ Amho. EH$m AWmZ| "_r
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hUOo VhmZ cmJ`mnyduMr qH$dm jwYmodmnyduMr pW{V.
dV:`m AZw^dmZo hr pW{V gwI_` Amho H$s Zmht ho òH$mZo
nhmd|. VhmZoMo dm ^wHo$Mo {dH$ma O|hm hmoD$ cmJVmV V|hmnmgyZM
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n`V hmoV Zmht. nmUr {_iyZ dm AmZo V Pm`mda H$moUMm
^md Cn hmoVmo ho nm{h`mg VhmZo`m d ^wHo$`mnydv Omo ^md
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109
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dmtVyZ B{`^moJ X:I H$nyZ {OkmgoZo ~Vm AJrH$m$Z
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Vohm "_r H$moU?' hr D${_ OoWyZ Pmcr V|M _mPo ghO d$n. h|
gH$eZr H$moUmg nQ>V Zmht. AZoH$ O_mMm _mòMm A`mg
`mV ``` AmUVmo. `m ``` {ZdmrH$[aVm, òH$ AdWm
_mPrM, Ag| JhrV Y$Z, Ad`-`{VaoH$ kmZmZo, Vr AdWm
_mPr Zh|, Ago R>gdyZ KoD$Z, nwT>rc AdWoMm {dMma H$arV,
H$_mZ| Joco nm{hOo. Aem T> A`mgmZ| Oo kmZ hmoV| Vo ^J nmdV
Zmht. `m _mU| d$ngm{jUr _mòMo Am_ycmJ {dcmg H$iyZ
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_r ~ ZgyZ _w$ Amho, Ag| `mcm dmQy> cmJVo.
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_moj {_iVmo. Agm {gmV gm{JVcm Amho.
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Vngm H$_f h{V {d`m@_V_ZwVo&&
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Vn Am{U {dm (kmZ) ht ~mUmcm Cm_ _mojX AmhoV.

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lr_XmMm`mZr gdgJh gma^yV "kmZ{dhrZo gd_VoZ _w{$Z
^d{V O_eVoZ&' Ago gm{JVco Amho.
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Amho nU kmZmZo _moj Pmcm H$s d$n{nW{V ~mUcr Ag|
Zmht. doXmVmMo na_gm` Va d$npW{V q~~Uo h| Amho. kmZmZ|
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amhVo d n[anyUVo`m >rZ| _w$Vm Anwar nS>Vo hUyZ _moj hm
XoIrc ^_ Amho Ag| {c{h`mMo YmS>g Ho$co Amho.
_mojm`m ~amo~arMr AdWm hUOo "Ah ~mp_' hr
Amho. "_r ~ Amho' Ag| hUUo qH$dm "_r _w$ Amho' Ag|
\w$aU| `mV \$aH$ Zmht. "_r Xohr' hU`mV OodT>| nmn (AkmZ)
Amho òdT>oM "Ah ~' hU`mV nw` (kmZ) Amho. "Ah
~' `m ~moYmZo _m`monmYrMm Zme hmoD$Z Vm{ZV ^VrMm {Zamg
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~moY| Oar ^m{V Jocr& d$npW{V nyU hmVm Z Amcr&&',
"Ah~ ~moYo Oar hmo gwImdo& nar Vr d$npWVr Vmo Z
nmdo&&' Ah~ `m Om{UdoZo g{XmZX d$nmMo A{dQ> gwI
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_mJmV H$mQ>m Amho, VwPo gm` m hmoUma Zmhr Agm Imcrc

nXmV CnXoe Ho$cm Amho.
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m hmoVo hm `mMm AW Zh|. d$npW{V ~mU`mg _r _w$
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~Y hm Ama^r JhrV Y$Z Oohm _moj m hmoVmo Vohm ~Y
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nwZ: ~Y m hmoV Zmht AWmV AZm{X Aem ~YmMm Zme hmoVmo
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_m{UH$ZJa
11-10-1934
..*..*..

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kmZemH$ar

lr eH$a _m{UH$^w _hmamO

A collection of articles on Advait Vedant

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lr eH$a Ho$ed Xr{jV - H$ma^mar lr _m{UH$^w gWmZ

lr eH$a _m{UH$^w _hmamO (1936)

lr eH$a _m{UH$^w _hmamO - {Z`monmgZoV

lr eH$a _m{UH$^w _hmamO - ^moZJraMm Xmam (1939)

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lr eH$a _m{UH$^w _hmamO - ^moZJraMm Xmam (1939)

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