COPAR

COMMUNITY ACTION PHASE

PREENTRY PHASE
✔ Preliminary Social Investigation
✔ Community consultation
✔ Settling of issues/considerations related
to site
selection
✔ Networking with local government units
(eg. LGUs, NGOs)
ENTRY PHASE
✔ Integration with the community
✔ Sensitization of the community
✔ Continuing social investigation
✔ Core group formation
✔ Dev’t of criteria for selection of core
group members
✔ Defining the roles, functions and tasks of
the
core group
✔ Coordination, dialogue and consultation
with
other community organizations
✔ Self-awareness and leadership training
planning
COMMUNITY STUDY/DIALOGUE PHASE
✔ Selection of the research team
✔ Training on data collection, methods and
technique capability building which
includes
development of data collection tools
✔ Planning for the actual gathering of data
✔ Data gathering
✔ Prioritization of community needs and
problems
for action
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION & CAPABILITY
BUILDING PHASE
✔ Community meetings to draw up
guidelines for the organization of CHO
✔ Election of officers
✔ Development and management system
and procedures including delineation of
roles, functions and tasks of officers and
members of the CHO
✔ Team building, action-reflection in faith
action
✔ Working out the legal requirements for
the
establishment of the CHO
✔ Organizations of working committees,
task groups
(like education and training, membership of
committees)
✔ Training of CHO officers and community
leaders
✔ Organization of training of community
health
workers (CHW’s)
○ Development of criteria for the selection
of CHW’s
○ Selection of CHW’s
○ Training of CHW’s
✔ Setting up of linkages and network
referral Systems
✔ Planning, implementation of resources
mobilization scheme
SUSTENANCE & STRENGTHENING PHASE
✔ Formulation of ratification of constitution
and by laws
✔ Identification and development of
secondary leaders
✔ Setting up and institutionalization of
financing scheme for community health
programs and activities
✔ Development and implementation of
viable
management system and procedures,
committees,
continuing education/training of leaders,
CHW’s
and community residents
✔ Continuing education and upgrading of
community leaders, CHW’s and CHO
members
✔ Development of medium and long term
community health development
SALT ACTIVITIES
Initial Introduction
Activity:
The community residents are asked to
choose a letter from their name and give a
word starting with their chosen letter that
describes their personality.
Rationale:
The activity is done for the participants to
get to know themselves better.
It is important that we know who we are
and what are our strengths and
weaknesses in order for us to know other
people.
Character Association
A part of SALT wherein you will associate
your character to an object.
Instruction:
First look for a thing that will suit your
personality and explain the relevance to
your character.
Rationale:
It is to associate yourself with an inanimate
object to describe who you are as a person,

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regardless if you see yourself positively,
negatively, or both.
Photo Language
A part of SALT wherein you will pose for 5-
10 seconds that describe your personality.
APPROACHES TO CHANGE
1. Welfare approach
THE immediate &/or spontaneous
response to the manifestation of poverty,
especially on the personal level
ASSUMES that poverty is God-given;
destined, hence the poor should accept
their condition since they will receive their
just reward in
heaven
BELIEVES that poverty is caused by bad
luck, natural disaster and certain
circumstances which are beyond the
control of people
2. Modernization approach
ALSO referred to as the project
development approach
INTRODUCES whatever resources are
lacking in a given community
ALSO considered a national strategy
which adopts the western mode of
technological development
ASSUMES that development consists of
abandoning the traditional
methods of doing things and must adopt
the technology of industrial countries
BELIEVES that poverty is due to lack of
education; lack of resources such as capital
and technology
3. Transformatory/Participatory
approach
THE process of empowering/transforming
the poor and the oppressed sectors of
society so that they can pursue a more just
and humane society
ASSUMES that poverty is not God-given,
rather it is rooted in the historical past and
is maintained by the oppressive structures
in society
BELIEVES that poverty is caused by
prevalence of exploitation, oppression,
domination and other unjust structures
LEVELS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
Level 1
 People are just physically involved in the
implementation of the program designed
by the organizing program.
Level 2
 When the people are involved in making
yes/no decisions to the plan or program
presented by the organizing agency.
Level 3
 When working committees are created
for the community member in making
decisions throughout the entire problem
solving process.
Level 4
 Requires the active involvement of the
majority of the community members in
making decision throughout the problem
solving process.
TYPES AND DIFFICULTIES IN
DECISIONMAKING
THE ONE PERSON DECISION
Only one person’s decision in a particular
group is always final without reference to
the study.
THE HAND CLASP
In a group meeting, on member may raise
a suggestion I which everybody would
approve without further questions of the
said matter.
THE FLOP
In a group meeting, on member may raise
a suggestion of a certain matter, but
unfortunately not given the time to be
heard by everybody in the group.
THE CLIQUE
A small exclusive circle of people who
always go against the decision approved by
the group they belong. They make
foolishness out of the idea raised by a
person so that there would be no decision
achieved.
MINORITY
A small group of members in a certain
organization that are very united and who
will make a decision of a certain matter
beyond the knowledge of the other
members of the organization not belonging
to their group.
MAJORITY
During meetings, it often happens that
there are two
possible decisions that could be made: To
eliminate the other, the leader may decide
to have a voting process, and the highest
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idea who gained votes will be carried by
the body.

CONFLICTING LOYALTIES
When a person is involved in two different
groups that could no longer do the role
because of conflict of time to be prioritized.

INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT
It is a conflict between persons that would
hinder
prosperity because of the person involved
would not agree to support each other to
attain a project due to pride and other
reasons.

HIDDEN AGENDA
A person may offer or open a plan to a
group, without the knowledge of other
members.

CLASH OF INTEREST
No decision is made since the interest of
every member is not met. Everybody raises
ideas, but no agreement is made.

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