Date:25thApril2007

TEMSINVESTIGATION(GSM)

DearFriends

ThisisaTechnicalDocumentonTEMSInvestigationGSM,Documentisbeingwrittenfor
helpingourEngineeringTeamtounderstandtheFundamentalsofGSMRadioParameters
observedonDriveTest,FunctionalityofTEMShowtoworkonthat,AnalysisandReport
generation.

DocumentisforStudyPurposeonlyforeveryoneandnotforpromotionofanycompany.

IfthisdocumentishelpfulforanyoneofusinanymeanIfeeltheeffortsmadetobeworth

IamthankfultomyfriendSanjayGohel(OverseasHeadADACellworks)forinspiringme
towritethedocumentandMohitYadav(Sr.EnggRFADACellworks)forprovingmehis
valuablesupportandcontributioninmakingthisdocument.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

Thanksandregards

ShailendraGairola
TeamLead(Wireless)ADACellworks
shailender.gairola@adacellworks.com
shailender_zte@hotmail.com

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

TEMSInvestigationforGSM

INDEX

1) UnderstandingSignallingChannelCoding
a) ChannelCodingofSpeechSignal
b) Interleaving
c) SilenceDescriptor(SIDFrame)
d) FullandSubValues(RxQual,BER,FERDTXDownlinkRate)

2) StartingTEMSInvestigationGSM
a) UserInterface
b) ConnectingExternalEquipments
c) RecordingFunctions
d) LoadingMaps
e) PresentationWindows
i.
RadioParameters
ii.
CurrentChannel
f) SignallingWindow
g) SystemInformation(Type1Type8)
h) CallAssignment
MobileOriginatingCall/MobileTerminatingCall
LocationUpdate
Disconnect
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
Handovers
3) AnalysisofDriveTestdata
a) ExportLogfile
b) SetupSettings
c) MapInfoConversion
d) CreateThematicMap

Additional
Signaling
a) SignalingLayer3
1) ConnectionManagementsublayer
i. CallControl
ii. ShortMessageServiceSupport
iii. SupplementaryServicesSupport
2) MobilityManagementsublayer
i. Registrationmessages
ii. Securitymessages
iii. ConnectionManagementmessages
3) RadioResourceManagement
b) SignalingLayer2
c) SignalingLayer1

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

SignalingChannelCoding

ChannelcodingofSpeechsignal

1) Firstspeechissampledandsegmentedintoblocksof20ms
2) Thenitiscompressedinspeechcodertoconsist260bits.
3) 260bitsdividedintothreedifferentclasses
a) VeryImportantbits(50bits)
b) Importantbits(132bits)
c) Notsoimportantbits(78bits)

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

Channelcoding(FullRateTrafficSpeechSignal)

AfterChannelcoder,456OutputbitsareInterleavedandsegmentedintoBursts,thesearesend
overairInterface.
AtreceiverendChanneldecoderwilltransform456bitsto260bits,thesewillpassthrough
speechdecoderandoutputof20msspeechsignalwillberetrieved

ChannelCoder456Outputbits(InterleavedandsegmentedintoBursts)

AirInterface(456Bits)

20msSpeechSpeechDecoder260BitsChannelDecoder

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

ChannelCoding(Signalling):AllInformationbitsareprotectedbyFIREcode
forerrordetectionandallinformationbitsareconvolutioncoded.

SHAILENDRA GAIROL
A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
ChannelcodingofsignalingonControlchannels

1) Nowbothspeechandsignalingframesarein456bits/frame.
2) 456bitsaresplitinto8parts=57bitseach

456bits

57
57
57
57
57
57
57
57

Burst: DataStreamtransmittedinonetimeslot

Anormalburstcancontain2Blocksof57bits

TAIL(3) DATA(57) FACCH

TSC(26)
FACCH DATA(57) TAIL(3) GUARD
FLAG(1)
FLAG(1)
(8.25)

Interleaving
Speechisinterleavedover8halfbursts;SACHCHisinterleavedover4wholebursts.

E.g.atozisspeechframesandAisaSACCHblockasshowninthefigure
HalfpartofaspeechframeistransmittedoverpreviousSACCHmultiframe
zframewillbefinishedonnextSACCHframe.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)


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SPEECHFRAMEMappingonSACCH(4x26TCHmultiFrame)fig:(SF1)

FourSACCHtimeslot=SACCHBlock(containssysteminformationBSMS,
measurementreportonUplinkchannel)
IDLEtimeslotsusedforsearchingSCH(synchronizationchannel)burston
NeighboringcellsholdingthetimingandBSICvalueofthecell
Noweachburstlasts0.577ms(exactly15/26ms)andthuseightburstslast4.615ms

0.577ms4.615ms

1Timeslot
8timeSlotsfor8users

1SACCHperiod=4.615x104bursts
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E(4X26=104BURSTS)
L L W O R K S)

=480ms

SilenceDescriptor(SIDframe):asshowninthefigurenhalfburstsaresilence
descriptorframe
ItisusedwhenDTX(DiscontinuousTransmission)isactiveandit
containsparametersrepresentingbackgroundnoiseonthemicrophone.
VAD(voiceactivitydetector)continuouslymonitoreachspeechframe
containing20msofspeech.
IfVADfindsasilentframe,itanalyzesbackgroundnoiseinspeech
frameandcreatesaSIDframewhichwillreplacetheoriginalsilent
speechframe.
AslongasVADdoesnotdetectanyspeech,oneSIDframeperSACCH
multiframewillbesent.

FULLandSUBvalues
FULLvaluesarebasedonallframesonSACCHmultiframewhethertheyaretransmittedfrom
BSornot
IfDTXisusedonDLtheFULLvalueisinvalidinthatperiodandwillgivehighBER,
becausetheyincludebiterrormeasurementsinthatperiodwherenothinghasbeensent.

SUBvalueisbasedonmandatoryframes(alwaysmustbetransmitted)onSACCH
multiframe.SACCHBlockAbursts,andSIDframenburstsasshowninfigSF1

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

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RXQual:
Value:0to7

Eachvaluecorrespondstoestimatednumberofbiterrorsinnumberofbursts.

RXQualBER(Biterrorrate)
qua0
(BER<0.2%)
qua1
(BER0.20.4%)
qua2
(BER0.40.8%)
qua3
(BER0.81.6%)
qua4
(BER1.63.2%)
qua5
(BER3.26.4%)
qua6
(BER6.412.8%)
qua7
(BER>12.8%0)

BERiscalculatedoverfour26Multiframes(1SACCHMultiframe),oneachTCHblock
(8/2=4TCHbursts)andonSACCHblock(4SACCHbursts).

ForeachTCHblock378class1bitsareused
(50(MostImpbits)+3(CRC)+132Importantbits+4tailbits)x(coded@1/2)
SACCHblock456bitsareused.
IfTCHblockisreplacedbyFACCHmessage,insteadof378,456bitsareused

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
NumberofTCHbits=(Noof26Multiframes)x(NoofTCHblocksper26Multiframes)x
(NoofbitsperTCHblocks)

=(4x6x378)

i.e.(4x6x378)+456)=9528bitsoneachSACCHmultiframeifTCHchannel
and3x456=1368bitsifSDCCHchannel

BER(BitErrorRate):AfterChanneldecoderdecoded456bitblock,itiscodedagainand
comparewith456bitsInputandthenumberofbitsthatdifferincomparingbothblocks
resultsinBER.
(BiterrorsareaccumulatedinBERsumforeachSACCHMultiframe;thisbiterrorSUMis
dividedtotalnumberofbitsperSACCHMultiframeandclassified(07)).

FER(FrameErasureRate){0to100%}:
FERisbasedonnumberofblocksthathavebeendiscardedduetoerrorinCRC(Cyclic
redundancycheck:(Protects50mostimportantbits))

FER(%)=(No.ofBlockswithincorrectCRC/TotalNoofBlocks)x100

FERFull
TotalnumberofblocksonfullrateTCHchannel=24TCH+1SACCH=25Blocks

FERFull(%)=(NoofblockswithincorrectCRC/25)x100

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

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c A d d d d e e e e f f f f
d A e e e e f f f f g g g g
i A j j j j k k k k l L l l
j A k k k k l l l l m m m m
o A p p p p q q q q r R r r
p A q q q q r r r r s s s s
u A v v v v x x x x y y y y
v A x x x x y y y y z z z z
E.g.FER1
Asshowninfigf,i,kframeshaveincorrectCRC.
FERFull(%)=(3/25)x100=12%

a a a a b b b b c c c c A d d d d e e e e f f f f
b b b b c c c c d d d d A e e e e f f f f g g g g
g g g g h h h h i i i i A j j j j k k k k l L l l
h h h h i i i i j j j j A k k k k l l l l m m m m
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n n n n o o o o p p p p A q q q q r r r r s s s s
s s s s t t t t u u u u A v v v v x x x x y y y y
t t t t u u u u v v v v A x x x x y y y y z z z z
E.g.FER2
Iff,i,kandAframeshaveincorrectCRC
FERFull=(4/25)x100=16%
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

FERSUB
TotalnumberofmandatoryblocksonfullrateTCHChannel=1TCH+1SACCH=2
Blocks
Ine.g.FER2.asshowninthefigureIff,i,kandAframeshaveincorrectCRC

FERSUBonlycountsSACCH(A)andSID(n)frames.SothereisanerrorinAbut
thereisnoerrorinn

FERSUB=(1/2)x100=50%

DTXDownlinkRate:ThisIndicatesthathowmanyTCHframeswerenotsenttoMSduring
lastSACCHmultiframe,thisvaryfrom0to96%
Canneverbe100%becauseframecontainingSIDinformationmustbesentforeachSACCH
multiframe.

DTXDLRate(%)=(Noofsilentblocks/totalNoofBlocks)x100

EachSACCHMultiframehas24TCHframes,sototalNoofblocks=24
ItisanIndicationwhetherDTXDLisusedinGSMNetworksasthereisnoparameterinGSMto
tellmobileifDTXDLisusedornot
IfDTXrateisveryhighforwholeperiodoftimeduringacalltherecouldbeasilentcall
probleminthenetwork

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

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Anyproblemwithsilentcalllocatedbeforethevoiceactivitydetector(VAD)intheTranscoder
unit(TRAU)inBasestationsubsystem(BSS)canbefoundusingDTXDLrateinformation
element.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

STARTINGTEMSINVESTIGATION

TEMSInvestigationisanairinterfacetesttoolforrealtimediagnostics.
YoucanmonitorvoicechannelsaswellasdatatransferoverGPRS,circuitswitched(CSD)or
highspeedcircuitswitched(HSCSD)connections.

StartingTEMSInvestigation

ChooseStart>Programs>TEMSProducts>TEMSInvestigationGSM.

UserInterface
WorkspaceandWorksheets
Thiswillstorewindowsettingsinyourworkingsession
Toolbars
ToaccessthecentralFunctions
Navigator
Toopenpresentationwindows,Thresholdvaluestherepresentationcolorscan
bechangedfromhere
Menu
Status
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
Thiswilldisplaysymbolsandshortmessageswhichindicatethecurrentstatus
oftheapplication

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

ConnectingExternalEquipments
SemiAutomaticEnabling:UsingtheIdentifyEquipmentFunction

ConnecttheTEMSmobilestationtoaCOMport.

IdentifyEquipment:applicationstartstoscantheselectedCOMportsfor
externaldevices

ForTEMSmobiles,TEMSandDATAcablesaredetectedasseparateunits
TheTEMScablewillbedesignatedbyMSnandtheDATAcablebyDCn,
wherenisalwaysidenticalforthetwocablesconnectedtothesamemobile.
ScannersarenamedMSnandGPSunitsPSn.
Thedetecteddevicesareautomaticallyenabled,butnotconnected;thisstateis
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
indicatedbyaredlightsymboltotheleftofeachdevice

ManualEnabling:AddingOneDeviceataTime
Select Add Equipment

Select the correct COM port

Select the type of external device
R520m for the TEMS cable, and choose
R520m Data Cable for the DATA cable.
The two cables will be treated as different
devices in TEMS Investigation.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

Connecting External Equipment

Connect the Equipment
Connect All the Connections

Disconnecting External Equipment

Disconnect Connection
Disconnect all Connections
RECORDING LOGFILES

Start recording
Mention the path to store the recorded logfile.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

Recording functions

Filemarksaretextstringswhichcanbeinsertedmanuallyinalogfiletomentionthespecial
eventnoticedduringdriveTestandthatcanbeeasilyfindoutwhilereplayingtheLogFiles.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

LOADINGMAPSINTEMS

1. OpentheMAPwindowandclickOPENMAP

2. SelecttheMapInfoFilefromtherespectivelocation.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
3. SelectMapInfositeandcellfile

4. SelectlayercontrolformakingchangesinvisibilityoftheselectedMapInfofiles.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

Presentation Window
We can select many more windows like AMR parameter windows, MAP on GSM window
according to our need and convenience.
Serving+Neighbors
CurrentChannel
LineChart
RadioParameters

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

Serving+Neighbors:
Shows BSIC, ARFCN and RxLev for the serving cell and its neighboring cells, with the
serving cell at the top and the neighbors below it, sorted by signal strength in descending
order.

DEDICATED MODE

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

CellName
:CellsiteDescribesincellfile.
ARFCN:(Allocatedradiofrequencychannel)
BSIC :BaseStationIdentificationcode.
RxLev :ReceivingLevelindBm.

C1&C2
:Cellpathlossparameterandcellreselectionparameter.(Inidlemode).
C31&C32
:GPRSsignalstrengththresholdandGPRScellrankingcriterion.Valid
inbothpacketidleandpacketdedicatedmode.

IDLEMODE

C1:

PATHLOSSPARAMETER

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
RadioCriteriaC1=(AMax(B,0))

A
B
p1
p2

=ReceivedLevelAveragep1
=p2MaximumRFPoweroftheMobileStation
=rxLevelAccessMin
=msTxPowerMaxCCH

C2:

CELLRESELECTIONPARAMETER

C2=C1+cellReselectOffsettemporaryOffsetxH(penaltyTimeT)whenpenaltyTime640
Or
C2=C1cellReselectOffsetwhenpenaltyTime=640
H(x) =1whenx>=0
H(x) =0whenx<0

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

RADIO PARAMETERS

Gives the status of the radio link (current BCCH, signal strength, FER(Frame Erasure Rate), BER (Bit
Error Rate), SQI (speech quality Index), DTX (Discontinuous Transmission), TA (Timing Advance).

RXLEV

:ChannelRxLev(dBm)
(120...10dBm)
Measuredsignalstrengthlevelforcurrentchannel.

RXQUAL

:VoicequalitymeasuredonBER

(0...7)

FER

S H A I L:FrameErasureRate
E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
(Percentageofframesbeingdroppedduetohighnumberofnon
correctedbiterrorsintheframe).

BERActual

:(Numberofbiterrors/Numberofbitstransmitted)

SQI

:SpeechQualityIndex.
SQIupdatedat0.5sintervals.ComputedonbasisofBERandFER.

MSPowerControlLevel:
Powercontrol(0to8)dependinguponnetworkdesign.
E.g.0meansnopowercontrol,1meanslevelthatisdefinedbyoperator
viz.2dBm

DTX

:Discontinuoustransmission(DTX)
Radiotransmitterswitchedoffduringspeechpauses.Itreducesthe
powerconsumptionofthetransmitter&decreasesoverallinterference
levelontheradiochannelsaffectingthecapacityofthenetwork..

TA

:TimingAdvance.
Basestationcalculatesfromaccessburstsandsendstothemobilestation
(MS)enablingtheMStoadvancethetimingofitstransmissionstotheBS
soastocompensateforpropagationdelay.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

CURRENTCHANNEL

Time

:Systemtimeofcomputer.

Cellname

:Displaysnameofservingsector(fromcellfilethatisloadedinTEMS).

CGI

:CellGlobalIdentity
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
Uniqueforeverysectorofthesite.

CGI=MCC+MNC+LAC+CI.

MCC :MobileCountryCode0999(e.g.404India),
MNC :MobileNetworkCode099(e.g.98)
LAC :LocationAreaCode065535(e.g.5129)
CI
:CellIdentity065535(e.g.2723).

CellGPRSSupport:SectorGPRSenableornot.(Yes/No).

Band

:Freq.Bandmobileisoperatinge.g.GSM900/1800.

BCCHARFCN :BroadCastChannelAllocatedRadioFrequencyChannel.

TCHARFCN :TrafficChannel(Frequency).

BSIC
:(BaseStationIdentityCode)

BSIC=NCC(NetworkColorCode07)+BCC(BaseStationColorCode07)

Timeslot
:CurrentTCH.(TimeslotnumberofTRX).

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

ChannelType :CurrentChannelofmobile
E.g.BCCH/SDCCH/8+SACCH/C8orCBCH/TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/F.

ChannelMode:Modeofcoding(e.g.SpeechFullRateorHalfRate).

SpeechCodec :
FR
HR
EFR

=FullRate,
=HalfRate&
=EnhancedFullRate.

CipheringAlgorithm :CipheringalgorithmusedbythesystemSecurity
E.g.CipherbyA5/2.

SubChannelNumber :SDCCHofMSoutof8available.E.g.=2.

HoppingChannel

:HoppingavailableornotonparticularSector.(YesorNo)

HoppingFrequencies :Displaysno.offrequenciesallottedforhoping,particularsector.
MA(MobileAllocation)List.

MobileAllocationIndexOffset(MAIO):
NumberwhichtellsfromwhichfrequencyfromgivenMAlistofasector
hoppingistobestarted.
E.g.0Hopingwillstartfromfirstfrequency.
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
HoppingSequenceNumber(HSN):
HoppingSequenceoffrequencies(fromtheMAList).(063).

0
:CyclicHopping
163 :Randomhoppingsequences.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

SIGNALLINGWINDOW

InsignalingourmainconcernisofLayer3messages

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

SystemInformation
InformationaboutthenetworkwhichMSneedtocommunicatewiththenetwork.
SysteminformationmessagesarecontinuouslysentontheBCCHandSACCHbythe
BTStoallidle(BCCH)andactive(SACCH)mobilesinacell.

SystemInformation
1.Cellchanneldescription
RACHcontrolparameters

2.Neighborcellsdescription
NCCpermitted
RACHcontrolparameters
Abis.Neighborcellsdescription(extension)
RACHcontrolparameters

Ater.Additionalmultibandinformation
Neighborcellsdescription(otherbands)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

3.Locationareaidentification
Cellidentity
Controlchanneldescription
Celloptions
Cellselectionparameters
RACHcontrolparameters
SI3restoctets

4.Locationareaidentification
Cellselectionparameters
RACHcontrolparameters
CBCHchanneldescription
CBCHmobileallocation
SI4restoctets

5.Neighborcellsdescription

AbisNeighborcellsdescription(extension)

AterAdditionalmultibandinformation
Neighborcellsdescription(otherbands)

6.Locationareaidentification
Cellidentity
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
Celloptions
NCCpermitted

7.SI7restoctets

8.SI8restoctets

9.Packetdatainformation

1) SystemInformationType1

InfrequencyhoppingMSneedstoknowwhichfrequencybandtouseandwhich
frequencieswithinthebandtobeuseduringhopping.Thisinformationisprovidedinthecell
channeldescriptioninformationelementsentinsysteminformationtype1.

InformationabouthowtheMSshouldperformtoaccessthesystemisalsoprovided.

CellChannelDescription
MSisinformedaboutfrequenciesthatareusedinthecell.

GSM900:bitmap0formatisusedInformationelementisdividedintotwo
parts:

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

CANO:Cellallocationnumbershowswhichbandisused.
CANO=
0;GM900
CANO=
1;EGSM
CANO=
2;GSM1800.

CAARFCN:Absoluteradiofrequencychannelnumberforall
frequenciesusedinthecell.
A124bitsbitmapisused.Abitsetto1indicatesthatthefrequencywith
thatnumberisusedinthecell.

GSM1800andGSM1900:Severaldifferentformatscanbeused,Information
elementisdividedintotwoparts

FORMATID:Indicatesformatoftheinformationelement.

Secondpartoftheinformationelementrepresentsthefrequencies
throughspecialencodingschemes

RACHControlParameters

2) SystemInformationType2

ListofBCCHfrequenciesusedintheneighboringcells.
TheMSneedsthisinformationbecauseitmustlistentothesysteminformationinthe
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
neighboringcellsoccasionally.
TheMSalsousesthislistoffrequencieswhenmeasuringthesignalstrengthof
neighboringcells.
TheMSisalsoinformedwhichPLMNNetworkColorCodes(NCC)itmaymonitor.

NeighborCellsDescription:DenotefrequenciesoftheBCCHcarrierstobemonitored
bytheMSsinthecell.

3) SystemInformationType3

TheMSmustknowthecurrentlocationareasidentitybecauseachangeinlocationareameans
thattheMSmustupdatethenetwork.
Inordertocalculateitspaginggroup,theMSneedsspecificparameterscontainedinthecontrol
channeldescription.ThedescriptionalsoinformstheMSaboutperiodicregistrationandit
informsMSifitshouldinformthesystemwhenitisabouttoentertheidlemode.
WhentheMSisinidlemode,itdecidesbyitselfwhichcellstocampon.
InformationneededbytheMSforcellselectionandreselectionisalsobroadcastinsystem
informationtype3.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

4) SystemInformationType4

(CellbroadcastFunction:AllowsbroadcastingshortmessagestoallMSsinoneormorecells).
Insysteminformationtype4,MSsareinformedifthecellbroadcastfunctionisusedinthiscell
andonwhatfrequencytheCBCHisfound.
TheLAI,thecellselectionparameters,theRACHcontrolparametersandrestoctetsalsoincluded
intype4message.

5) SystemInformationType5
WhenMSinbusymode,SACCHisactivated.
Ontheuplink,theMSsendsmeasurementreports,andonthedownlinkthenetworksends
outputpowerandTAfortheMStouse.AlsoMSreceivesinformationaboutthefrequenciesused
asBCCHcarriersinneighboringcellsonSACCH.Signalstrengthofthesefrequenciesare
monitoredandreportedinthemeasurementreportforhandoverpurposes.

Frequenciesintheneighborcellsdescriptiongivenheremaydifferfromthosesentinsystem
informationtype2.

Activemode:MSmeasuresonareducednumberofBCCHfrequenciesinordertoimprovethe
accuracyofthemeasurements.In
Idlemode:MSmeasuresonagreaternumberoffrequenciestoreducethetimerequiredto
establishcontactwiththenetworkafterpoweron.ThistimereductionoccursonlyiftheidleBA
listwasstoredatthepreviouspoweroff.
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

6) SystemInformationType6

Inactivemode,MSneedstoknowiftheLAIchangesIfLAIchangestheMShastodolocation
updatingwhenthecallisreleased.

IfMSchangesbetweencells(withinthelocationarea)whereRLINKTorDTXconditionsdiffer
thenewcelloptionsmustbereportedtotheMS.

LMNpermittedisalsoincludedinthesysteminformationtype6.

7) SystemInformationType7

Systeminformationtype7isoptionallysentonBCCHextendedifsysteminformationtype4
doesnotcontainallinformationneededforcellreselection.

8) SystemInformationType8
Systeminformationtype8isoptionallysentonBCCHextendedifsysteminformationtype4
doesnotcontainallinformationneededforcellreselection.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

 CallAssignment
CallassignmenttakesplacewhenaMobileStationmakesacall(MobileOriginatingCall)or
receivesacall(MobileTerminatingCall).
1) MobileOriginatingCall

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MobileOriginatingaCall

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

MobileTerminatingaCall

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MobileOriginatingaCall
2) LocationUpdate
TheMSCneedstoknowunderwhichlocationareatheMobileStationcanbereached
andLocationAreaInformationisneededforthepagingmadebytheBTS.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)


3) Disconnect
WhentheMobileStationortheNetworkwanttofinishacallforsomereason
a) NetworkInitiated

b) MobileStationInitiated

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

4) Handovers
Different protocols are for different handover processes, e.g. in synchronized
handover, no timing advance information is needed. This decreases the protocol
so that no physical information needs to be sent.

a) SynchronizedHandover

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

b) NonSynchronizedHandover

c)

Handover Failure

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

1.

AnalysisoftheDriveTestData

EXPORTLOGFILES:ExporttheLogFilestoandconversionto.tabformat

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
SelecttheFormatofthefileasMap info Tab-file; as shown in the figure

2) ChangetheSetupSettingsforMapInfoTabfile

SelecttheInformationElementsfromtheavailableInformationElementsinthedesiredTechnology
(GSM)e.g.ARFCNBCCH,RxLevFull,RxLevSub,RxQualFullRxQualSub,SpeechQualityIndex
(SQI)
YoucanalsosavetheSelectedInformationElementssettings(.mexformat).

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

NowselecttheInputfiles(youcanselectmorethenonefilesalltogether)
SelecttheOutputdirectorywhereyouwanttosavetheOutput
NameoftheOutputfilewillbefromPrefixandSuffix

NowStarttheprocedureforexportingtheLogfile

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

AstheExportisdonesuccessfullytheexportResultswillbedisplayedasshowninthefig

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

3) OpentheMapInfoConvertedLogFilesintoMapInfoTool

CreateThematicMap:
SelectMap>CreateThematicMap
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

Youcanselectdifferenttypesaccordingtoyourrequirement
E.g.Ranges,BarChart,PieCharts,Graduated,DotDensity,Individual,
Grids.

E.g.ifwehaveselectedRagesinthisExampleforRxLevel

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

E.g.Field:RxLevSub

YoucanmodifytheRages,StyleandLegendsaccordingtoyourrequirement,asshowninthe
figuretheRangesandStylearemodified

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

CustomizingRangeandStyle

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

RxLevelSUB(definedasRange)

SimilarlyaccordingtotherequirementtheThematicMapcanbedrawn,E.g.forARFCN(BCCH),
wehavetotaketheIndividualValuesnottheRangesaswehavetakenforRxLev
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

ARFCN(BCCH)(definedasIndividual)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

REPORTGENERATIONINTEMSINVESTIGATION

Goto

LogFile>ReportGenerator
Orselect

ReportWizardwillgetopen

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
AddtheLogfilesfromthererespectivelocations
SelecttheOutputdirectory

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

YoucanchangetheReportPropertiesasperyourrequirements,asshowninthefigureforCall
EventsandThresholdValues

SelectFinishforcompletingtheTask

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

TheStatisticsReportwillbegeneratedintheOutputdirectorydefined
OpentheindexFilefromStatisticsReportDirectoryasshowninthefigure.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)


TEMSInvestigationGSM4.1.1

ReportNo ___________________

Date

20070406 Time12:56

Preparedby ___________________

Logfileinformation
#[Index]

Logfiles

HW[MS1]

HW[MS2]

GPS

idle8.log

T68iR1F

YES

idle9.log

T68iR1F

YES

mo_mt_sms_1.log

T68iR1F

YES

mo_mt_sms_2.log

T68iR1F

YES

mo_mt_sms_3.log

T68iR1F

YES

ded.log

T68iR1F

YES

ded1.log

T68iR1F

YES

ded2.log

T68iR1F

YES

ded3.log

T68iR1F

YES

10

ded4.log

T68iR1F

YES

11

ded5.log

T68iR1F

YES

12

ded6.log

T68iR1F

YES

13

ho.log

T68iR1F

YES

14

ho_1.log

T68iR1F

YES

15

idle.log

T68iR1F

YES

16

idle1.log

T68iR1F

YES

17

idle2.log

T68iR1F

YES

18

idle3.log

T68iR1F

YES

19

idle4.log

T68iR1F

YES

20

idle5.log

T68iR1F

YES

21

idle6.log

T68iR1F

YES

22

idle7.log

T68iR1F

YES

Totalduration:01:08:27.67

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

ActiveMS
MS1
DC1
MS2
DC2

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

Thresholds

Average
Information
%of #[no.
Range
duration
#Cell #Log
Element
meas. of]
(hh:mm:ss)
DTXRateDL >80

9.4

101

00:00:01.94

3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14

DTXRateDL >1

20.4

260

00:00:01.59

3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FERActual
(%)

>8

7.7

125

00:00:01.09

6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FERActual
(%)

>4

9.0

140

00:00:01.12

6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FERFull(%) >8

18.7

211

00:00:01.73

3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14

FERFull(%) >4

21.2

260

00:00:01.60

3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FERSub(%) >51

1.8

37

00:00:00.86

6,8,9,11

FERSub(%) >1

5.9

131

00:00:00.80

6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

MSPower
>10
ControlLevel

MSPower
>20
ControlLevel

RxLevFull
(dBm)

<95

3.5

47

00:00:01.96

5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,15

RxLevFull
(dBm)

<105 0.1

00:00:00.79

9,11

RxQualFull

>5

27.6

293

00:00:02.38

1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,20,21,22

RxQualFull

>2

42.6

401

00:00:02.61

1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,20,
21,22

RxQualSub

>5

8.6

211

00:00:01.24

1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,19,20,22

RxQualSub

>2

19.5

343

00:00:01.52

1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,19,20,22

SQI

<4

9.9

53

00:00:03.08

6,7,8,9,10,11,12

SQI

<16

24.7

84

00:00:04.84

6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

TA

>50

TA

>38

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

Events

Event

#[no.of]

Relationship #Cell #Log

BlockedCall

91

3,4,5,6,21

CallAttempt

96

3,4,5,6,8,21

CallSetup

93

3,4,5,8,9,10,12,13,21

DroppedCall

GPRSAttachFailure 0

GPRSPDPContext
Activation

GPRSPDPContext
ActivationFailure

GPRSAuthentication
0
Failure

GPRSRoutingArea
Update

GPRSRoutingArea
UpdateFailure

Handover(Intracell)
6,8,9,10,11
S H A 28
I L E N D RA G A I R O LA (A D
A C E L L W O R K S)
Handover
56

6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
HandoverFailure

6,9

PingTimeout

RASError

SessionError

AsshownintheaboveStatswecaneasilyfindoutthatwhicharetheLogFileswhereparticular
Evenhadhavehappened.
E.g.

BlockedCall:logfile3,4,5,6and21
DroppedCall:logfile6

WecanreplaytheseLogfilesandcanfindoutthereasonforthesamebystudyingtheRadio
Parametersatthatparticularevent.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

Distributiongraphsofalllogfiles

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

Additional
SIGNALING

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

RadioInterfaceProtocolStructure

SIGNALINGLAYER3

Layer3providestheMobileNetworkSignaling(MNS)servicetotheuserapplication.
ItIncludes
Functionstoestablish,maintainandterminatecircuitswitchedconnectionsacrossa
GSMPLMNandothernetworkstowhichthePLMNisconnected.
Supportingfunctionsforsupplementaryservicesandshortmessageservicecontrol.
Functionsformobilitymanagementandradioresourcemanagement.

Protocolcontrolentitiesexistinthethreesublayers:

ConnectionManagement(CM)sublayer

MobilityManagement(MM)sublayer

RadioResourcemanagement(RR)sublayer

TheRRfunctionsresidemainlyintheBSC,althoughsomeRRfunctionsmayresideintheMSC.
IntheBTS,mostoftheRRmessagesarehandledastransparentmessages.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

Umlayer3,distributionofsignalingfunctions

CONNECTIONMANAGEMENT
CMsublayercontainsfunctionsfor:
CallControlandcallrelatedsupplementaryservicesmanagement(CC).
ShortMessageService(SMS).
NoncallrelatedSupplementaryServicesmanagement(SS).

CallControl
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
CallControlsignalingproceduresaredescribedas:
Callestablishmentprocedures
Proceduresduringtheactivestate
Callclearing
Miscellaneousprocedures

ShortMessageServiceSupport(SMS):Itcomprisesof
ShortMessageControl(SMC)
ShortMessageControlProtocol(SMCP):Peercontrolfortransfershort
messagesbetweenMSandMSC

SupplementaryServicessupport(SS)
Notrelatedtoaspecificcall.E.g.registrationofcallforwardingonnoreplyorcall
waiting.

MOBILITYMANAGEMENT

Registrationmessages:
IMSIdetachindication
Locationupdatingaccept
Locationupdatingreject
Locationupdatingrequest

Securitymessages:

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

Authenticationreject
Authenticationrequest
Authenticationresponse
Identityrequest
Identityresponse
TMSIreallocationcommand
TMSIreallocationcomplete

Connectionmanagementmessages:
CMserviceaccept
CMservicereject
CMserviceabort
CMservicerequest
CMreestablishmentrequest
Abort
Miscellaneousmessage:
MMstatus

RADIORESOURCEMANAGEMENT

TheRRsublayerreceivesservicefromlayer2andgivesservicetotheMMsublayer.Inaddition,
RRcommunicatesdirectlywithlayer1forexchangeofinformationrelatedtomeasurement
controlandchannelmanagement.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
ThegeneralpurposeoftheRRproceduresistoestablish,maintainandreleaseaRRconnection
betweentheMSandthenetwork.Thisincludeshandoverprocedures,cellselectionatpoweron
andinidlemode,recoveryfromlackofcoverageinidlemodeaswellascellreselectioninbusy
mode.

Channelestablishmentmessages:
Cipheringmessages:
Handovermessages:
Channelreleasemessages:
Pagingmessages:
Systeminformationmessages:
Miscellaneousmessages:

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

SIGNALINGLAYER2

Link Access Procedures on the Dm channel (LAPDm) is the layer 2 protocol used to convey
signalinginformationbetweenlayer3entitiesacrosstheradiointerface,usingtheDmchannel.

Dm channel refers to the control channels. Includes broadcast, common or dedicated control
channels.

LAPDmisaprotocolthatoperatesatthedata link layeroftheOSIstructure.Itspurposeisto

provide a reliable signaling link. It receives services from the physical layer and provides
servicestolayer3.

LAPDmisbasedontheISDNprotocolLAPD,whichisusedontheAbisinterface.

TwotypesofoperationonthedatalinkaresupportedbyLAPDm.

1. Unacknowledgedoperation
2. Acknowledged(ormultipleframe)operation

UNACKNOWLEDGEDOPERATION
Messages that need not be acknowledged are sent in Unnumbered Information (UI)
frames.Thismeansthatthereisnoflowcontrolorerrorrecoverymechanismdefined.

ACKNOWLEDGED(MULTIPLEFRAME)OPERATION
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)
When an answer or acceptance is required, operation in acknowledged mode is
applied.Acknowledgedmodeisapplicableondedicatedcontrolchannelsonly.

Layer3messagesaresentinnumberedIframes.Inthiscase,anumberofconsecutiveI
frames (a window) can be sent before an acknowledgment is required. However, for
LAPDm the size of the window is one, which means that each frame must be
acknowledgedbeforethenextoneissent.

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

SIGNALINGLAYER1

Thesignalinglayer1,alsocalledthephysicallayer,representsthefunctionsrequiredtotransfer
thebitsoverthephysicalchannels,ontheradiomedium.

Inadditiontosignalinglayer2,layer1interfacesotherfunctionalunits,suchasspeechcoderand
terminaladapters,forthesupportoftrafficchannels.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)