BI 1

TNG QUAN V VI IU KHIN PIC

MT S C TNH CHUNG CA VI IU KHIN PIC

CC C TNH NGOI VI
CC C TNH V TNG T
CC C TNH C BIT CA VI IU KHIN
CNG NGH CMOS

VI IU KHIN PIC 16F877A

CU HNH PIC16F877A
S KHI BN TRONG PIC16F877A
S CHN V CHC NNG CC CHN PIC16F877A

ai hoc s pham ky thuat tp HCM

Khoa ien ien t

Nguyen nh Phu

TNG QUAN V VI IU KHIN PIC

I.

PIC l mt h vi iu khin RISC c sn xut bi cng ty Microchip Technology. Th h PIC u

tin l PIC1650 c pht trin bi Microelectronics Division thuc General Instrument.
PIC l vit tt ca "Programmable Intelligent Computer" l mt sn phm ca hng General
Instruments t cho dng sn phm u tin l PIC1650. Thi im PIC1650 c dng giao tip vi
cc thit b ngoi vi cho my ch 16 bit CP1600, v vy, ngi ta cng gi PIC vi ci tn "Peripheral
Interface Controller" b iu khin giao tip ngoi vi.
CP1600 l mt CPU mnh nhng li yu v cc hot ng xut nhp v vy PIC 8-bit c pht trin
vo nm 1975 h tr cho hot ng xut nhp ca CP1600.
ROM cha m, mc d khi nim RISC cha c s dng thi by gi, nhng PIC thc s l mt
vi iu khin vi kin trc RISC, chy mt lnh vi mt chu k my gm 4 chu k ca b dao ng.
Nm 1985 General Instruments bn cng ngh cc vi in t ca h, v ch s hu mi hy b hu
ht cc d n - lc qu li thi. Tuy nhin PIC c b sung EEPROM to thnh 1 b iu khin
vo ra lp trnh.
Ngy nay rt nhiu dng PIC c xut xng vi hng lot cc module ngoi vi tch hp sn (nh
USART, PWM, ADC...), vi b nh chng trnh t 512 Word n 32K Word.
MT S C TNH CHUNG CA VI IU KHIN PIC

II.

Hin nay c kh nhiu dng PIC v c rt nhiu khc bit v phn cng, nhng chng ta c th im
qua mt vi nt nh sau:

L CPU 8/16 bit, xy dng theo kin trc Harvard.

C b nh Flash v ROM c th tu chn t 256 byte n 256 Kbyte.

C cc cng xut nhp (I/O ports).

C timer 8/16 bit.

C cc chun giao tip ni tip ng b/khng ng b USART.

C cc b chuyn i ADC 10/12 bit.

C cc b so snh in p (Voltage Comparators).

C cc khi Capture/Compare/PWM.

C h tr giao tip LCD.

C MSSP Peripheral dng cho cc giao tip IC, SPI, v IS.

C b nh ni EEPROM - c th ghi/xo ln ti 1 triu ln.

C khi iu khin ng c, c encoder.

C h tr giao tip USB.

C h tr iu khin Ethernet.

C h tr giao tip CAN.

c im thc thi tc cao CPU RISC ca h vi iu khin PIC16F87XA l:

Ch gm 35 lnh n.

Thi gian thc hin tt c cc lnh l 1 chu k my, ngoi tr lnh gi chng trnh con l 2.

Tc hot ng:
* DC- 20MHz ng vo xung clock.
* DC- 200ns chu k lnh.

Dung lng ca b nh chng trnh Flash l 8K14words.

Dung lng ca b nh d liu RAM l 3688bytes.

Dung lng ca b nh d liu EEPROM l 2568 bytes.

1.

CC C TNH NGOI VI

Timer0: l b nh thi timer/counter 8 bit c b chia trc.

Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC

ai hoc s pham ky thuat tp HCM

Nguyen nh Phu

Timer1: l b nh thi timer/counter 16 bit c b chia trc, c th m khi CPU ang

trong ch ng vi ngun xung t t thch anh hoc ngun xung bn ngoi.
Timer2: b nh thi timer/counter 8 bit vi thanh ghi 8-bit, chia trc v b chia sau.
Hai khi Capture, Compare, PWM.
Capture c rng 16-bit, phn gii 12.5ns
Compare c rng 16-bit, phn gii 200ns
phn gii ln nht ca PWM l 10-bit.

CC C TNH TNG T

2.

C 8 knh chuyn i tn hiu tng t thnh tn hiu s ADC 10-bit.

C reset BOR (Brown Out Reset).
Khi so snh in p tng t:
Hai b so snh tng t.
Khi to in p chun VREF tch hp bn trong c th lp trnh.
a hp ng vo lp trnh t ng vo ca CPU vi in p chun bn trong.
Cc ng ra ca b so snh c th truy xut t bn ngoi.

CC C TNH C BIT CA VI IU KHIN

3.

4.

Khoa ien ien t

B nh chng trnh Enhanced Flash cho php xa v ghi 100,000 ln.

B nh d liu EEPROM cho php xa v ghi 1,000,000 ln.
B nh EEPROM c th lu gi d liu hn 40 nm v c th t lp trnh li.
Mch lp trnh ni tip ISP thng qua 2 chn (In-Circuit Serial Programming).
Ngun s dng l ngun n 5V cp cho mch lp trnh ni tip.
C Watchdog Timer (WDT) vi b dao ng RC tch hp trn Chip.
C th lp trnh m bo mt.
C th hot ng ch ng tit kim nng lng.
C th la chn b dao ng.
C mch in g ri ICD (In-Circuit Debug).
CNG NGH CMOS:

C cc c tnh: cng sut thp, cng ngh b nh Flash/EEPROM tc cao. in p hot ng t

2V n 5,5V v tiu tn nng lng thp. Ph hp vi nhit lm vic trong cng nghip v thng mi.
Bng 1-1 trnh by tm tt cu trc ca 4 loi PIC16F87X.

Hnh 1-1 trnh by s chn ca cc loi PIC16F87XA.

Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC

ai hoc s pham ky thuat tp HCM

Khoa ien ien t

Nguyen nh Phu

Hnh 1-1: S chn h PIC16F87XA.

III. VI IU KHIN PIC 16F877A

1.

CU HNH PIC16F877A:
PIC16F877A c 40/44 chn vi cu trc nh sau:
C 5 port xut/ nhp.
C 8 knh chuyn i A/D.
C port giao tip song song.
C b nh gp i so vi PIC16F873A/PIC16F874A.
Bng 1-2 s tm tt c im PIC16F877A:
c im
Tn s hot ng
Reset (v Delay)
B nh chng trnh Flash (14-bit word)
B nh d liu (byte)
B nh d liu EEPROM (byte)
Cc ngun ngt
Cc port xut nhp
Timer
Cc module capture/compare/PWM
Giao tip ni tip
Giao tip song song
Module A/D 10bit
B so snh tng t
Tp lnh
S chn

PIC16F877A
DC- 20MHz
POR, BOR (PWRT, OST)
8K
368
256
15
Cc port A, B, C, D, E
3
2
MSSP, USART
PSP
8 knh ng vo
2
35 lnh
40 chn PDIP
44 chn PLCC
44 chn TQFP
44 chn QFN

Cu hnh c minh ha nh hnh sau:

4

Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC

ai hoc s pham ky thuat tp HCM

Khoa ien ien t

Nguyen nh Phu

Hnh 1-2: Cu hnh PIC16.

2.

S KHI BN TRONG PIC16F877A:

Hnh 1-3 trnh by s khi ca PIC16F877A, gm cc khi:

3.

Khi ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit.

Khi b nh cha chng trnh Flash Program Memory.
Khi b nh cha d liu EEPROM Data EPROM.
Khi b nh file thanh ghi RAM RAM file Register.
Khi gii m lnh v iu khin Instruction Decode Control.
Khi thanh ghi c bit.
Khi b nh ngn xp.
Khi reset mch khi c in, khi nh thi reset mch khi c in, khi nh thi n nh
dao ng khi c in, khi nh thi gim st, khi reset khi st gim ngun, khi g ri,
khi lp trnh b nh in p thp.
Khi ngoi vi timer T0, T1,T2.
Khi giao tip ni tip.
Khi chuyn i tn hiu tng t sang s ADC.
Khi so snh in p tng t.
Khi to in p tham chiu.
Khi cc port xut nhp.

S CHN V CHC NNG CC CHN PIC16F877A:

S chn ca PIC gm nhiu loi nhng y kho st loi PIC 40 chn nh hnh 1-4.
Chc nng ca cc chn nh sau:

Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC

ai hoc s pham ky thuat tp HCM

Khoa ien ien t

Nguyen nh Phu

Hnh 1-3: S khi PIC16F87XA.

Chn MCLR /VPP (1): c 2 chc nng:

MCLR : l ng vo reset tch cc mc thp.
VPP: ng vo nhn in p khi ghi d liu vo b nh ni flash.
Chn RA0/AN0 (2): c 2 chc nng:
RA0: xut/ nhp s.
AN0: ng vo tng t ca knh th 0.
Chn RA1/AN1(3):
RA1: xut/nhp s.
AN1: ng vo tng t ca knh th 1.
Chn RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF (4):
RA2: xut/nhp s.
Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC

ai hoc s pham ky thuat tp HCM

Khoa ien ien t

Nguyen nh Phu

AN2: ng vo tng t ca knh th 2.

VREF-: ng vo in p chun (thp) ca b ADC.
CVREF: in p tham chiu VREF ng ra b so snh

Hnh 1-4: S chn.

Chn RA3/AN3/VREF+ (5):

RA3: xut/nhp s.
AN3: ng vo tng t knh th 3.
VREF+: ng vo in p chun (cao) ca b A/D.
Chn RA4/TOCKI/C1OUT (6):
RA4: xut/nhp s m khi c cu to l ng ra.
TOCKI: ng vo xung clock t bn ngoi cho Timer0.
C1OUT: ng ra b so snh 1.
Chn RA5/AN4/ SS /C2OUT (7):
RA5: xut/nhp s.
AN4: ng vo tng t knh th 4.

Chn RE0/ RD /AN5 (8):

RE0: xut/nhp s.

RD : iu khin c port song song.

AN5: ng vo tng t 5.

Chn RE1/ WR /AN6 (9):

RE1: xut/nhp s.

SS : ng vo chn la SPI ph.

C2OUT: ng ra b so snh 2.

WR : iu khin ghi port song song.

AN6: ng vo tng t knh th 6.

Chn RE2/ CS /AN7 (10):

RE2: xut/nhp s.

CS : Chip chn la iu khin port song song.

AN7: ng vo tng t knh th 7.

Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC

ai hoc s pham ky thuat tp HCM

Khoa ien ien t

Nguyen nh Phu

Chn OSC1/CLKI (13): l ng vo kt ni vi dao ng thch anh hoc ng vo nhn xung clock
bn ngoi.
OSC1: ng vo dao ng thch anh hoc ng vo ngun xung bn ngoi. Ng vo c mch
Schmitt Trigger nu s dng dao ng RC.
CLKI: ng vo ngun xung bn ngoi.
Chn OSC2/CLKO (14): ng ra dao ng thch anh hoc ng ra cp xung clock.
OSC2: ng ra dao ng thch anh. Kt ni n thch anh hoc b cng hng.
CLKO: ch RC, ng ra ca OSC2, bng tn s ca OSC1 v chnh l tc ca chu
k lnh.
Chn RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI (15):
RC0: xut/nhp s.
T1OSO: ng ra ca b dao ng Timer1.
T1CKI: ng vo xung clock t bn ngoi Timer1.
Chn RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 (16):
RC1: xut/nhp s.
T1OSI: ng vo ca b dao ng Timer1.
CCP2: ng vo Capture2, ng ra compare2, ng ra PWM2.
Chn RC2/CCP1 (17):
RC2: xut/nhp s
CCP1: ng vo Capture1, ng ra compare1, ng ra PWM1
Chn RC3/SCK/SCL (18):
RC3: xut/nhp s.
SCK: ng vo xung clock ni tip ng b/ng ra ca ch SPI.
SCL: ng vo xung clock ni tip ng b/ng ra ca ch I2C.
Chn RD0/PSP0 (19):
RD0: xut/nhp s.
PSP0: d liu port song song.
Chn RD1/PSP1 (20):
RD1: xut/nhp s.
PSP1: d liu port song song.
Cc chn RD2/PSP2 (21), RD3/PSP3 (22), RD4/PSP4 (27), RD5/PSP5 (28), RD6/PSP6 (29),
RD7/PSP7 (30) tng t chn 19, 20.
Chn RB0/INT (33):
RB0: xut/nhp s.
INT: ng vo nhn tn hiu ngt ngoi.
Chn RB1 (34): xut/nhp s.
Chn RB2 (35): xut/nhp s.
Chn RB3/PGM:
RB3: xut/nhp s.
PGM: Chn cho php lp trnh in p thp ICSP.
Chn RB4 (37), RB5 (38): xut/nhp s.
Chn RB6/PGC (39):
RB6: xut/nhp s.
PGC: mch g ri v xung clock lp trnh ICSP.
Chn RB7/PGD (40):
RB7: xut/nhp s.
Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC

ai hoc s pham ky thuat tp HCM

Khoa ien ien t

Nguyen nh Phu

PGD: mch g ri v d liu lp trnh ICSP.

Chn RC4/SDI/SDA (23):
RC4: xut/nhp s.
SDI: d liu vo SPI.
SDA: xut/nhp d liu I2C.
Chn RC5/SDO (24):
RC5: xut/nhp s.
SDO: d liu ra SPI.
Chn RC6/TX/CK (25):
RC6: xut/nhp s.
TX: truyn bt ng b USART.
CK: xung ng b USART.
Chn RC7/RX/DT (26):
RC7: xut/nhp s.
RX: nhn bt ng USART.
DT: d liu ng b USART.
Chn VDD (11,32) v VSS (12, 31): l cc chn ngun ca PIC.
d tip cn chc nng cc chn th ta phn loi theo chc nng chung:
Khi tt c cc chn l port xut nhp (I/O): c tng cng 5 port, 33 ng IO: xem hnh 1-5.

Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC

PORT E 3 BIT

Khoa ien ien t

RA0

RB0

RA1

RB1

RA2

RB2

RA3

RB3

RA4

RB4

RA5

RB5
RB6

RE0

RB7

RE1
RE2
RD0
RC0

RC2
RC3
RC4
RC5
RC6

RD1
RD2
RD3
RD4
RD5
RD6

PORT D 8 BIT

RC1
PORT C 8 BIT

Nguyen nh Phu

PORT B 8 BIT

PORT A 6 BIT

ai hoc s pham ky thuat tp HCM

RD7

RC7
Hnh 1-5: PIC vi cc chn c chc nng l IO.

10

Cc chc nng ngoi vi: xem hnh 1-6.

Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC

GIAO
TIP VI
PORT
SONG
SONG

Khoa ien ien t

PSP0

SCK

PSP1

SDI

PSP2

SDO

PSP3

SS

PSP4

RX

PSP5

TX

Nguyen nh Phu

TRUYN D
LIU SPI

TRUYN D
UART

PSP6
PSP7
RD

DT
CK

TRUYN D
SART

USART

ai hoc s pham ky thuat tp HCM

WR
AN0
CS

AN1
AN2/VREF-

CAPTURE
COMPARE
PWM - CCP

CCP1

AN3/VREF+

CCP2

AN4
AN5

TRUYN D
LIU I2C

COUNTER

SCL

AN6

SDA

AN7

T0CKI

T1OSO

T1CKI

T1OSI

B
CHUYN
I ADC
10 BIT A HP 8
KNH

TO DAO NG
CHO T1

Hnh 1-6: PIC vi cc chn c chc nng l ngoi vi.

Cc chc nng so snh, ngun cung cp, dao ng, np v g ri: xem hnh 1-7.
VPP
PGD
PGC

GIAO TIP
MCH NP
CHNG TRNH
V G RI

PGM
INT
IN P SO
SNH
NG RA MCH
SO SNH 1 V 2

INTERRUPT

CVREF
C1OUT
C2OUT

OSC1
OSC2

NI NGUN
DNG

VDD

NI GND

VSS

CLKI

VDD

VSS

CLKO

NI THCH
ANH TO DAO
NG
NHN CLC T
MCH DAO NG
BN NGOI
NG RA CP XUNG
CK CHO CC THIT
B KHC

Hnh 1-7: PIC vi cc chn c chc nng l ngoi vi.

IV. TI LIU THAM KHO

Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC

11

ai hoc s pham ky thuat tp HCM

12

Khoa ien ien t

Nguyen nh Phu

Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC