Professional Documents
Culture Documents
English Learning Course
English Learning Course
2-3
2. Parts of speech
4 10
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1. Effective Communication
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5. TENSES
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4. Conjugation
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15 -18
19 -23
Effective Communication
1. Grammatically Correct Sentences
Eg: Imagine that you receive this telegram message
SELL my CAR because I've GONE to FRANCE
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This sentence is not complete. It is not a "grammatically correct" sentence. But you
probably understand it. These 4 words communicate very well. Somebody wants you to
sell their car for them because they have gone to France. We can add a few words:
Will you SELL my CAR because I've GONE to FRANCE
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The new words do not really add any more information. But they make the message more
correct grammatically. We can add even more words to make one complete,
grammatically correct sentence. But the information is basically the same:
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Eg: A way of speaking a word, especially a way that is accepted or generally understood.
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3. Grammar
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Eg: The study of how words and their component parts combine to form sentences
4. Vocabulary
Eg: All the words of a language. The sum of words used by, understood by, or at the
command of a particular person or group.
5. Body Language
Eg: communication via the movements or attitudes of the body
6. Variety of Sentences
Eg: it means using a variety of sentences...not just the same tone and flow of words
repeatedly.
7. Voice Modulation
Eg: A change in stress, pitch, loudness, or tone of the voice
8. Expressing Feelings
Eg: .
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Eg: .
11. Spontaneity
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12. Accent
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Parts of Speech
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Adverb
4. Adjective
5. Proposition
6. Conjunction
7. Interjection
E.g.: Ravi and his best friend went quickly to Market
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Noun
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NOUN
ABSTRACT NOUN
CONCRETE NOUN
COMMON NOUN
PROPER NOUN
MATERIAL NOUN
COLLETIVE NOUN
Concrete Nouns are the names of persons, places and things which have a shape and which can
be held. These are further divided into four.
Common Noun: A name used in common or general
E.g.: Market, Institute
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ABSTRACT NOUN: The things which cant see, feel and touch
E.g.: Human - ity, Generous - ity, Public - ity, Electric - ity
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Pronoun
You
He
She
It
They
Objective Pronouns
Me
Us
You
Him
Her
It
Them
Possessive Adjective
My
Our
Yours
His
Her
Its
Their
Mine
Ours
His
Her
Its
Their
Myself
ourselves
Himself
herself
itself
themselves
Myself
Our sleves
Yours
Yourself
yourselves
Yourself
yourselves
Himself
herself
itself
themselves
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Possessive Pronoun
We
Personal Pronouns
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Reflexive Pronoun
Emphatic Pronoun
Somewhere
one
every one of them
Those
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Other Pronouns
Someone
somebody
something
Somewhat
anyone
No one
One of them
none of them
each of them
This
That
These
Each and Every one of them
VERBS
Definition: It Shows Action
Verbs
Regular Verbs
(9800)
Eg:
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ModelAuxiliary
Verbs
ask,Asked,Asked
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have
have
has
had
do
do
does
did
Be
am
is
are
were
be
been
being
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Primary Auxiliary
Verbs
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Auxiliary Verbs
Irregular Verbs
(200)
Eg:
Write,Wrote,Written
Adverbs
It add meaning to Verb
It adds meaning to Adjective
It adds meaning to Adverb
E.g.: Sit Straight
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Run
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Fast
Briskly(fast)
Slow
Slowly
Steadily
Quickly
Carefully
Cautiously
Swiftly
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Carefully
Silently
attentively
Actively
Adjective
It adds Meaning Noun or Pronoun in adjective.
There are three types
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Superlative
Degree
Least
Most
Best
Best
Worst
Worst
Worst
Richest
Most Beautiful
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E.g. - 2
E.g. -3
Comparative
Degree
Less
More
Better
Better
Worse
Worse
Worse
Richer
More Beautiful
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E.g. -1
Positive
Degree
Little
Much
Good
Well
Bad
Evil
Ill
Rich
Beautiful
Prepositions
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Conjunction
A word which joints 2 words, 2 phrases, 2 clauses, 2 sentences
Ex: and
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Compound Sentences: and, but, still, yet, or, nor, eitheror, neither
nor, or, nor, so, and so, therefore, or else, otherwise, as well as, not
only but also, both and.
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Interjection
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Ing form
- Writing
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Dont do
Doesnt do
Didnt do
Dont have
Doesnt have
Didnt have
Dont have to
Doesnt have to
Didnt have to
Havent + PP
Hasnt + PP
Handt + PP
Didnt use to
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Do
Does
Did
Have
Has
Had
Have to
Has to
Had to
Have + PP
Has + PP
Had + PP
Used to
- Write
- Writes
- Wrote
- Written
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Baseform
s form
Simple past
Past Participle (V3)
8 Communicative forms
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1. Positive Sentences
2. Negative Sentences
3. Yes or no questions (Positive)
4. Yes or no questions (negative)
5. wh questions (Positive)
6. wh questions (negative)
7. Question tags (negative)
8. Question tags (Positive)
Does
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We do home work
We dont do home work
Do we do home work
Dont we do home work
What do we do?
What dont we do?
We do Home work? Dont we?
We dont home work? do we?
Did
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Have
Has
Had
Has
She has three siblings
She does nt have three siblings
Does she have three siblings
Does nt she have three siblings
How many siblings does she have?
How many siblings doesnt she have?
She has three siblings? Has nt she?
She doesnt have three siblings? Does
she?
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Had
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S form
Base form
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Simple Past
He wrote two letters
He didnt writer two letters
Did he write two letters
Did nt write two letters
Howmany letters did he write?
Howmany letters didnt he write?
He wrote two letters? Didnt he?
He didnt write two letters? Did he?
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We Learn Carefully
We dont Learn Carefully
Do we learn Carefully
Dont we learn Carefully
How do we learn
How dont we learn
We learn carefully? Dont we?
We dont learn carefully? Do
we?
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Have to
Has to
Had to
Has + PP
Had + PP
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CONJUGATION
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We wrote Letters
We are writing Letters
We have written Letters
We have been writing Letters Since last year
We wrote Letters
We were writing letters at 7o clock
We had written Letters before we came here
We had been writing Letters for one hour before we came here
We will write Letters
We will be writing Letters at 7o Clock
We will have written Letters by 9o Clock
We have been writing Letters for one hour by 8o clock
TENSES
It shows time of the Action
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Uses:
1. Universal Truth
E.g.: A lion is the most ferocious Animal
2. Daily Activities
3. Habitual Actions
4. Future Fixed Action
5. With see, look, how
E.g: See how the children fight
Look, how this washing Machine works
6. With adverbs: daily, often, seldom, frequently, continuously, rarely, (very less
number), Scarcely (very less quantity)
7. News Paper Headlines
8. Magazines
9. Running Commentary
10. Stories
11. Historical incidents
12. Proverbs Quotations
Proverb E.g: All that Glitters is not Gold
A sentence with two meaning
i) Literal Meaning
ii) Inner or implied meaning
Literal Meaning: Any metal which looks like Gold is not Gold
Implied Meaning: Appearances are Desective
Present Continuous
am/is/are + verb + ing
5. Appointment (seeing)
E.g.: She is seeing the Dentist to night
Present Perfect
Have/has+ Past Participle
Note: Since, for, recently, already, just, just now, yet, ever, never
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Examples:
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Examples:
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Usage: For any continuous action in the past at the particular given time.
Note: at, when I was coming, while I was coming
E.g.: we were offering prayer at 10o clock
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A new lecturer was conducting prayer when we were standing in the prayer hall
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Usage: When there are two past actions, the first completed action in past perfect and the
second completed action is in simple Past.
E.g.: we had offered prayer before we came here
We had stood in line before prayer bell was given
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5. Conditional Sentence
E.g.: If you try again, you can understand better
2. Could - Uses
1. Past ability
2. Polite English
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3. Will - Uses
1. Future Action
E.g.: I will come tomorrow 7799209353
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2. Willingness
E.g.: Sir will clear doubts
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4. Sure
6. Conditional Sentences
E.g.: If you work hard, you will get success
If you read it again, you will understand better
4. Would - Uses
1. Polite English
E.g.: Sir would Guide us
My Father would visit this institute.
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E.g.: When kalpana was six years, she would like to see in the sky.
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Kalpana Chavla would like see into the sky ours together when she was six
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5. May - Uses
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It may rain
6. Might - Uses
1. Remote are very less Possibility of Something happening
E.g.: Swamiji might visit our class
He might Go abroad
They might allow me for fourth late coming
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7. Shall - Uses
E.g.: I shall come tomorrow
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E.g.: The passengers shall be killed one by one, if our conditions are not fulfilled in 24
hours
(*Screem Shouting Loudly)
8. Should or Ought to
1. Duty
E.g.: The soldiers should Protect our country
2. Obligation
3. Reference or Recommendation
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