Parts of Sprial casing

satish
12S/ME145
Mechanical Engineering Department

Spiral Casing

Spiral Casing : The fluid enters from the penstock to a spiral

casing which completely surrounds the runner.
This casing is known as scroll casing or volute.
The cross-sectional area of this casing decreases uniformly along
the circumference to keep the fluid velocity constant in
magnitude along its path towards the stay vane/guide vane.

Design of Spiral Casing

dpenstock

Rcasing

Risv

How to select Q ?

Design of Spiral Casing

dpenstock

Rcasing

Select a suitable value of

discharge per unit: Q

Risv

2
Q V penstock d penstock
4

But maximum allowable value is 10 m/s

Maximum allowable head loss in Penstock =2 to 4% of
available head

Mega Civil Works for Mechanical Power Generation

Stay Vanes & Guide Vanes

The basic Purpose of the stay vanes & guide vanes is to convert
a part of pressure energy of the fluid at its entrance to the kinetic
energy and then to direct the fluid on to the runner blades at the
angle appropriate to the design.
Moreover, the guide vanes are pivoted and can be turned by a
suitable governing mechanism to regulate the flow while the
load changes.
The guide vanes are also known as wicket gates.
The guide vanes impart a tangential velocity and hence an
angular momentum to the water before its entry to the runner.
The guide vanes are constructed using an optimal aerofoil shape,
in order to optimize off-design performance.

Global Symmetric Flow Domain through Statinary

Vanes

Design of the Guide Vanes

Level of Overlapping of the guide vanes

Design of Guide Vanes

Guide vane at Design

Position = 12.21

Guide vane at Max. open

Position = 18

Guide vane at closed position

g
n
e
l
:
L

=15

e
n
a
v
f
th o

0%
3
to

Dg
f
o

Runner inlet
( 0.870m)
Guide vane outlet for design)
( 0.913m)

Closed
Max.
Opening
Position

Guide vanes

Design of the Guide Vanes

How to choose the number of vanes
The number of guide vanes has to be different
from the number of runner vanes.

zGuide Vanes
z Runner Vanes

Integer

Water
particle
Water from
spiral casing

R a d i a l
R guide
a d ivanes
a l
runner
runner guide vanes

v i e w
v i stay
e wvanes
and
and stay vanes

Number of guide vanes

Number of Guide Vanes

30

28

26

24

22

20

18

16
0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

Speed Number

1,2

1,4

/ 2 gH

1,6

Number of Guide Vanes

Ns

Z=8

10

12

14

16

18

20

24

Dge,mm

<200

<250 250 400

400 600

600 800

800 1000

1000
1250

1250 >1700
1700

>200

<300 300 450

450 750

750 1050

1050
1350

1350
1700

1700 >2100
2100

Ns

N Pin hp
H

5/ 4
in m

The Runner