TCVN 6155 : 1996

TCVN

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6155 : 1996

Bnh chu p lc
Yu cu k thut an ton v lp t,
s dng, sa cha
Pressure vessels
Safety engineering requirements of erection, use, repair

H NI 1996

TCVN 6155 : 1996

Bnh chu p lc
Yu cu k thut an ton v lp t, s dng, sa cha
Pressure vessels
Safety engineering requirements of erection, use, repair

1. Phm vi p dng v qui nh chung

1.1 Tiu chun ny qui nh nhng yu cu k thut an ton v lp t, s dng, sa cha
i vi cc bnh chu p lc (sau y gi tt l bnh) thuc phm vi hiu lc ca TCVN 6153 :
1996.
1.2 Ngi lp t, sa cha bnh phi c t cch php nhn v c php ca cp c thm
quyn theo qui nh.
1.3 Vic lp t, sa cha v s dng cc bnh phi tun th cc tiu chun k thut an ton
hin hnh v tiu chun ny. Khi lp t hoc sa cha cc b phn chu p lc ca bnh
phi tun th thit k cng ngh lp t hay sa cha c cp c thm quyn ph
duyt.
2. Tiu chun trch dn
TCVN 6008 : 1995 Thit b p lc Yu cu k thut v phng php kim tra;
TCVN 6153 : 1996 Bnh chu p lc Yu cu k thut an ton v thit k, kt cu, ch to.
3. V tr lp t bnh p lc, kho bo qun chai cha kh
3.1 Nh t bnh phi ph hp vi cc tiu chun xy dng, v sinh cng nghip, cc tiu
chun k thut hin hnh c lin quan v tiu chun ny vic vn hnh c thun tin v
an ton.
3.2 Khng cho php t cc bnh sau y trong hoc gn k nhng nh c ngi , nhng
cng trnh cng cng hoc cng trnh sinh hot:
a) Cc bnh cha cc mi cht khng n mn, c hoc chy n c tch s p.V ln hn
10.000 (p tnh bng kG/cm2, V tnh bng lt);
b) Cc bnh cha mi cht n mn, c hoc chy n c tch s p. V ln hn 500.

TCVN 6155 : 1996

Cc bnh ni trn phi t ngoi tri, ni khng t tp ng ngi hoc phi t trong
nhng cng trnh ring bit. Bnh phi t vng chc trn b my.
3.3 Cho php t cc bnh ni trong 3.2 st vi nh sn xut nhng phi c tng chc chn
ngn cch. Nu qui trnh cng ngh yu cu phi t bnh bn trong nh sn xut th phi c
cc bin php an ton c bit v phi c c quan c thm quyn cho php.
3.4 Cho php t bnh di mt t nhng phi bo v khng ngp nc hoc khng b
g mn v phi c li i n cc b phn ca bnh kim tra v thao tc vn hnh.
3.5 Cc sn, cu thang, gi treo phc v cho vic qun l vn hnh khng c lm nh
hng n bn v vng chc ca bnh. Nu hn cc kt cu ny vo bnh th phi
c thit k ph hp vi TCVN 6153 : 1996. Nu cn thit th hn cc u ni t ni ch
to.
3.6 Cc kho bo qun chai np y kh phi lm mt tng, mi nh v khng c trn;
tng vch ngn v mi phi l vt liu chng chy theo qui nh hin hnh; ca s v ca
ra vo phi m ra pha ngoi, knh ca phi l knh m hoc qut mt lp sn trng; chiu
cao t nn n phn nh ra thp nht ca mi khng c nh hn 3,25 mt.
Nn kho phi bng phng nhng khng trn trt; nn kho cha kh chy phi lt bng vt
liu khng to ra tia la do va chm hoc c st chai vi nn.
3.7 Cc kho cha chai np y kh phi c thng gi t nhin hoc nhn to ph hp
vi tiu chun v sinh trong vic thit k cc x nghip cng nghip.
Nhit trong kho khng c cao hn 350C, nu qu tr s ny th phi c bin php lm
mt.
3.8 Cc bung ca kho bo qun chai phi chia thnh nhiu ngn bng tng chng
chy. Mi ngn c php cha khng qu 20 m3 th tch chai kh chy hoc kh c, v
khng qu 40 m3 th tch chai kh khng chy v khng c.
Khi cha cc chai kh khng chy hoc khng c c th ngn bng vch ngn chng chy
chiu cao khng nh hn 2,5 mt vi cc ca trng ngi qua li, cn khong trng pha
trn m bo cho vic c gii ha. Mi ngn phi c li ra vo ring.
3.9 Vic xy dng cc kho cha chai kh chy, kh n hoc kh c phi ph hp vi cc tiu
chun phng chng chy, phng n hoc phng c, v phi tha mn cc yu cu sau y:

TCVN 6155 : 1996

a) trang b chiu sng phi ph hp vi yu cu chiu sng trong cc mi trng d gy
ra chy n v phi c y dng c cha chy;
b) phi c thng gi m bo tiu chun an ton v v sinh cng nghip;
c) thit b ht kh n, kh c ra khi kho phi m bo chng n, chng c v khng
c a qua cc khu vc lm vic, sinh hat hoc ni c ngun la;
d) trng hp thi kh c ra ngoi bng thng gi c th to nng nguy him cho
vng xung quanh th phi c kh c trc khi thi ra ngoi, hoc phi c cc bin php
bo m nng kh c khng vt qu gii hn cho php theo tiu chun mi trng
ca Vit Nam;
e) phi trang b dng c phng chng c cho nhng ngi phc v kho;
f) phi c thit b kh c nhanh trong trng hp b n v gim bt tc hi cho vng
xung quanh.
3.10 Cc kho cha kh c, hoc chy n phi c bo v nghim ngt v c ni qui cht
ch. Cc kho ny phi t trong vng c bo v chng st. Cm bo qun trong cng mt
kho cc chai cha oxy v cc kh chy khc.
3.11 Trong tt c cc kho bo qun chai cha kh phi c bng tm tt qui trnh an ton v
cc bn hng dn cn thit.
3.12 Khong cch t kho chai cha kh n cc kho v xng khc khng c nh hn;
- 20 m i vi kho cha (qui i) n 500 chai loi 40 lt;
- 30 m i vi kho cha (qui i) trn 500 n 1500 chai loi 40 lt.
Trong mi trng hp nh kho phi cch xa nh v cng trnh cng cng t nht 100 m.
3.13 Trong phm vi 10 mt xung quanh kho bao qun chai cha kh, nghim cm cc loi
vt liu d chy v cm ngt lm cc vic c la nh: Rn, c, hn, un bp,
4

Yu cu v s dng bnh

4.1 Cc bnh (bao gm c ni hi un bng in, xitc v thng) trc khi a vo s dng
phi c khm nghim, ng k v cp giy php s dng theo ng qui nh hin hnh.
4.2 H s xin ng k s dng gm:

TCVN 6155 : 1996

a) l lch;
b) cc ti liu xut xng hoc chuyn giao km theo;
c) h s lp t (i vi bnh t c nh)
d) bn v kt cu bnh vi cc kch thc ch yu;
e) vn bn xin cp giy php;
v cc vn bn khc theo qui nh ca tiu chun ny.
4.3 Cc bnh sau khi ci to, phc hi, lp t v tr mi, hoc i ngi ch s hu, trc
khi s dng cng phi c ng k li.
4.4 Trn mi bnh sau khi ng k xong cn phi k bng sn ch d thy nht mt khung
kch thc 150 x 200 mm trong ghi cc s liu:
- s ng k;
- p sut lm vic cho php;
- ngy khm nghim v ln khm nghim tip theo.
4.5 Ngi ch s hu bnh phi thc hin cc yu cu sau y:
a) giao trch nhim bng vn bn cho ngi s dng bnh;
b) ban hnh qui trnh vn hnh bnh;
c) t chc hun luyn nh k v k thut an ton v cp th an ton cho cc i tng c
lin quan;
d) t chc kim tra nh k v k thut an ton cho ngi s dng;
e) xy dng ch kim tra tnh trng kim loi ca cc chi tit lm vic nhit t 4500C
tr ln;
f) m bo thc hin khm nghim k thut ng thi hn qui nh.
4.6 Trong nh t bnh phi c ng h v phng tin thng tin lin lc vi ngi ch s
hu bnh.
4.7 Ngi khng c nhim v lin quan n vic qun l vn hnh bnh khng c php
vo ni t bnh hoc kho cha chai np y kh.
4.8 Ngi s dng bnh phi m bo:

TCVN 6155 : 1996

a) bo qun v t chc vn hnh bnh ph hp vi qui trnh;
b) tin hnh sa cha bnh theo ng k hn v chun b mi iu kin thun tin cho cc
cuc khm nghim k thut;
c) khc phc kp thi nhng h hng trong qu trnh vn hnh.
4.9 Vic vn hnh cc bnh ch c giao cho nhng ngi t 18 tui ln, c sc khe,
c hun luyn v st hch v kin thc chuyn mn, v qui phm, qui trnh k thut an
ton c kt qu.
4.10 Ngi s dng trc tip bnh c nhng nhim v chnh sau y:
a) thng xuyn kim tra tnh trng ca bnh, s hot ng ca cc dng c kim tra o
lng, cc c cu an ton v cc ph tng ca bnh;
b) vn hnh bnh mt cch an ton theo ng qui trnh ca n v; kp thi v bnh tnh x
l theo ng qui trnh ca n v khi c s c xy ra, ng thi bo ngay cho ngi ph trch
nhng hin tng khng an ton ca bnh;
c) trong khi bnh ang hot ng khng c lm vic ring hoc b v tr cng tc.
4.11 Ngi ch s hu v ngi s dng bnh khng c vn hnh bnh vt qu cc
thng s c qui nh. Cm chn hm, hoc dng bt c bin php g tng thm ti
trng ca van an ton trong khi bnh ang hat ng.
4.12 Ngi ch s hu v ngi s dng bnh phi lp tc nh ch s hot ng ca bnh
trong cc trng hp y.
a) khi p sut lm vic tng qu mc cho php, mc d cc yu cu khc qui nh trong
qui trnh vn hnh bnh u m bo;
b) cc xitc np y kh ha lng vn chuyn trn ng st cng nh cc thng cha
kh ha lng ch trn sn tu phi c p dng theo qui trnh ca cc n v c lin quan;
c) khi pht hin thy trong cc b phn c bn ca bnh c cc vt nt, ch phng, x hi
hoc chy nc cc mi hn, cc ming m b x;
d) khi pht hin chy trc tip e da bnh ang c p sut;
e) khi p k h hng v khng c kh nng xc nh p sut trong bnh bng mt dng c
no khc;

TCVN 6155 : 1996

f) khi ng thy b h hng;
g) nhng trng hp khc theo qui nh trong qui trnh vn hnh ca n v.
4.13 Bo qun v vn chuyn cc xitc v thng
a) trnh t bo qun v vn chuyn cc xitc hoc thng cha kh ha lng cng nh trnh
t tho kh khi b v thng phi c qui nh trong qui trnh ca cc n v c lin quan;
b) cc xitc np y kh ha lng vn chuyn trn ng st cng nh cc thng cha
kh ha lng ch trn sn tu phi c p dng theo qui nh v vic vn chuyn vt c
trng khi nng trn ng st;
c) khi vn chuyn hoc bc xp cc thng cha kh ha lng phi c bin php chng ri
, chng tc ng trc tip ca nh nng mt tri v trnh b t nng cc b.
4.14 Bo qun, s dng v vn chuyn cc chai cha kh
Khi cn chuyn kh t chai c p sut ln vo chai c p sut lm vic nh hn phi thc
hin qua van gim p dng ring cho tng loi kh. Ngn p sut thp ca van gim p phi
c p k v van an ton hiu chnh ph hp vi p sut lm vic ca chai c chuyn
kh vo.
i vi cc chai cha cc loi kh n mn mnh nh clo, sunfur, pht en nu khng c
kh nng dng van gim p th c th s dng mt phng tin tin cy khc sau khi c s
tha thun ca c quan c thm quyn.
4.15 Trng hp van ca chai cha kh b hng, khng th tho kh ra c; hoc nhng
chai lu khng s dng m khng xc nh c p sut kh bn trong; nhng chai b
hng ; hng van; lng c u phi a v nh my np kh x l.
Trc khi s dng li cc chai cha kh c vo cc mc ch khc, nu c hin tng van
b kt cng phi c nh my np kh tho van, x kh ra v p dng cc bin php kh kh
khi cn thit.
4.16 Cc chai cha kh phi t cch xa ni c ngn la t nht 5 mt; cch xa l si in
v cc thit b si m khc khng nh hn 1,5 mt.
4.17 Khi bo qun cc chai np y kh phi xp chai t th ng, t trong cc khung
gi gi cho khi b . Cc chai khng c phi xp t th nm ngang.

TCVN 6155 : 1996

Khi bo qun tm thi ngoi tri, cho php xp chai nm ngang thnh chng nhng phi
lt bng dy thng, g thanh hoc cao su gia cc lp. chiu cao ca chng chai khng
c cao qu 1,5 mt, cc van chai phi cng quay v mt pha.
4.18 Vic di chuyn cc chai trong nh my np kh hoc ni tiu th phi c tin hnh
bng cc xe nh chuyn dng hoc cc phng php khc bo m an ton.
Cng nhn phc v chai phi c hun luyn nghip v ph hp vi tng cng vic.
4.19 Chuyn ch cc chai np y kh phi c tin hnh bng cc phng tin vn
chuyn c l xo. Chai phi t nm ngang, cc van phi cng quay v mt pha. Gia cc
lp chai phi lt m bng dy thng, bng cc thanh g c khot l, hoc lt bng cc vong
cao su vi chiu dy t 25 mm tr ln. Mi lp chai phi lt m t 2 ch tr ln.
Cho php chuyn ch chai t th thng ng bng cc phng tin chuyn dng nhng
gia cc chai phi c m lt, phi c thnh chn khng lm ri c chai.
Cc chai tiu chun c dung tch ln hn 12 lt, khi vn chuyn v bo qun phi c m y
cc van.
4.20 Khi chuyn ch cc chai np y kh bng phng tin vn ti ng b, ngi ph
trch phng tin phi thc hin cc yu cu sau y:
a) cm ln chai vi du m v nhng vt liu d chy khc;
b) cm ch ngi cng vi chai;
c) cm xe ni nng gt, ni c nhiu ngi t hp nhng ng ph ng c.
Trong qu trnh chuyn ch, bc xp chai phi c bin php chng ri .
4.21 Chuyn ch cc chai np y kh bng cc phng tin ng st, ng thy hoc
bng my bay theo ng qui nh ca cc c quan ch qun phng tin .
4.22 Cm chuyn ch cc chai np kh bng phng tin do sc vt ko.
5 Np kh vo xitc v thng
5.1 Ngi np phi c s np kh, trong ghi cc mc sau y:
a) ngy thng np;
b) tn ngi mua kh;

TCVN 6155 : 1996

c) tn ngi ch to xitc hoc thng cha;
d) s ch to, s ng k v ngy khm nghim k ti ca xitc hoc thng cha kh;
e) dung tch xitc (m3), dung tch thng (lt);
f) khi lng kh np (vi xitc: tn, vi thng: kg);
g) p sut np ti a, kG/cm2;
h) tnh trng ca thit b c np kh ( kn ca thng hoc xitc, tnh trng k thut ca
khung v di ng ca xitc);
i) ch k ca ngi np kh (ngi trc tip np kh vo bnh);
k) mi cht np.
khi np nhiu loi kh khc nhau th phi m s np ring cho mi loi kh.
5.2 Trc mi ln np, ngi np kh phi kim tra tnh trng hon ho v kn ca xitc
hoc thng cha kh ha lng theo ng qui nh ca qui trnh cng ngh np kh. Kt qu
kim tra phi ghi vo s np kh.
p sut kh cn li bn trong cc xitc hoc thng cha kh ha lng trc khi a n ni
np kh phi khng nh hn 0,5 kG/cm2.
5.3 Nghim cm np kh vo xitc hoc thng, nu:
a) xitc hoc thng qu thi hn khm nghim nh k;
b) tnh trng k thut khng m bo, thiu thit b an ton;
c) cc s liu h chiu b m hoc khng c;
d) kh cha trong xitc hoc thng khng ng chng loi vi kh cn np.
5.4 Khi lng kh ha lng np vo cc xitc hoc thng khng c ln hn qui nh ca
bng 2.
Np kh amniac lng phi tnh n lng kh bc hi khi np v nhit mi trng.
Cc kh ha lng khng qui nh trong bng 2 th phi c qui nh trong qui trnh cng
ngh np kh ca ngi np.
5.5 Ngi np kh phi c bin php cn o lng kh np trnh np qu y.
5.6 Sau khi np xong phi vn cht np y ca van np, ng thi phi bt vng m bo
him v phi nim phong.

TCVN 6155 : 1996

Bng 1
Khi lng kh trong 1 lt dung

Th tch ca xitc hoc thng

tch ca xitc hoc thng, tnh

tng ng vi 1 kg kh np,

bng kg, khng ln hn

tnh bng lt, khng nh hn

Nit

0,770

1,300

Amnic

0,570

1,760

Butan

0,488

2,050

Butilen

0,526

1,900

Prpilen

0,445

2,250

Pht en, clo

1,250

0,800

Oxy

1,080

0,926

Tn kh

6. Np kh vo cc chai
6.1 Ngi np kh vo chai phi c s np kh, trong ghi cc mc sau y:
a) ngy thng nm np;
b) m hiu chai;
c) s ch to chai;
d) k hn ln khm nghim tip theo;
e) dung tch chai, lt;
f) p sut np ti a, kG/m2 ;
g) khi lng kh np ( i vi kh ha lng, kg);
h) ch k ca ngi np kh.
Khi np nhiu loi kh khc nhau th phi m s np ring cho mi loi kh.
6.2 Cm np kh vo chai trong cc trng hp sau y:
a) qu hn khm nghim nh k;
b) khng c cc du hiu v nhn hiu qui nh;
c) cc van b h hng;
d) v chai b h hng hoc khng ng chng loi;
e) lp sn v ch khng ng qui nh hoc khng r rng.
6.3 Khi lng kh ha lng np vo cc chai khng c ln hn qui nh ca bng 2.

TCVN 6155 : 1996

Bng 2
Khi lng kh trong 1 lt

Th tch ca chai tng

dung tch ca chai, tnh

ng vi 1 kg kh np, tnh

bng kg, khng ln hn

bng lt, khng nh hn

Amnic

0,570

1,760

Butan

0,488

2,050

Butylen, Izbutylen

0,526

1,900

xt tylen

0,716

1,400

Prpan

0,425

2,350

Sulfua hydro, pht en, clo

1,250

0,300

Ccbon oxit

0,750

1,340

Fron 11

1,200

0,830

Fron 12

1,100

0,900

Fron 13

0,600

1,670

Fron 22

1,000

1,000

Clorua metin, clorua tin

0,800

1,250

tylen

0,286

3,500

Prtylen

0,445

2,250

Tn kh

6.4 i vi trm np c nh, khi np kh phi bt cht chai vo b np hoc gi np.

B np phi t trong nh mt tng ring bit, cch ly vi ni t my nn v cc bung khc
bng tng chc chn lm bng vt liu khng chy.
Trn tng ngn cch b np vi ni t my nn cho php tr cc kh khng c, khng
nguy him n.
7. Sa cha bnh
7.1 Ngi ch s hu phi nh k bo dng v sa cha cc bnh, m bo cho bnh hot
ng c an ton. Mi thay i v kt cu bnh trong qu trnh sa cha phi c s tha
thun bng bn bn ca ngi ch to. i vi vn hn v kim tra cht lng mi hn
nu khng thc hin c y theo yu cu ca TCVN 6008 : 1995 th phi c thanh
tra ni hi khm nghim bnh tha thun.
7.2 Cm tin hnh sa cha hoc sn cc bnh khi ang cn p sut.

TCVN 6155 : 1996

Vic sa cha cc chai cha kh phi do nh my np kh tin hnh, hoc nhng xng
ring nu c c quan c thm quyn cho php.
7.3 Trc khi sa cha bn trong cc bnh, ngi s dng bnh phi tin hnh cc cng vic
sau y:
a) phi cho bnh ngng hot ng, ngn cch hn bnh vi ngun p lc hoc vi cc
bnh khc ang hot ng;
b) cc bnh lm vic vi mi cht c phi tin hnh kh c theo ng qui trnh k
thut an ton;
c) in p ca ngun chiu sng khng qu 12 vn, nu bnh cha mi cht n phi
dng n an ton chng n.
Cm dng n du ha v cc n khc c cht d bc chy.