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9702 Elasticity All Completed Upto May June 2011 PDF
9702 Elasticity All Completed Upto May June 2011 PDF
aky
a
A glass fibre of length 0.24 m and area of cross-section 7.9 107 m2 is tested until it breaks.
The variation with load F of the extension x of the fibre is shown in Fig. 4.1.
4
x / 104 m
nd
ra
Sh
ha
40
20
yS
aji
tC
60
80
F/N
db
Fig. 4.1
rra
ng
e
mp
ile
da
nd
rea
(i)
Co
UCLES 2005
9702/02/M/J/05
For
Examiners
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For
Examiners
Use
Sh
aky
a
(ii)
yS
aji
tC
ha
(iii)
nd
ra
rra
ng
e
db
(c) A hard ball and a soft ball, with equal masses and volumes, are thrown at a glass
window. The balls hit the window at the same speed. Suggest why the hard ball is more
likely than the soft ball to break the glass window.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
rea
..........................................................................................................................................
Co
mp
ile
da
nd
......................................................................................................................................[3]
UCLES 2005
9702/02/M/J/05
Fig. 5.1 shows the variation with force F of the extension x of a spring as the force is
increased to F3 and then decreased to zero.
aky
a
Sh
F3
F
nd
ra
F2
0
0
x1
aji
tC
ha
F1
x2
yS
Fig. 5.1
db
(a) State, with a reason, whether the spring is undergoing an elastic change.
rra
ng
e
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The extension of the spring is increased from x1 to x2.
Show that the work W done in extending the spring is given by
rea
W=
k (x 22 x12),
Co
mp
ile
da
nd
UCLES 2006
[3]
9702/02/M/J/06
For
Examiners
Use
(c) A trolley of mass 850 g is held between two fixed points by means of identical springs,
as shown in Fig. 5.2.
aky
a
spring
nd
ra
Sh
trolley
Fig. 5.2
ha
When the trolley is in equilibrium, the springs are each extended by 4.5 cm. Each spring
has a spring constant 16 N cm1.
aji
tC
The trolley is moved a distance of 1.5 cm along the direction of the springs. This causes
the extension of one spring to be increased and the extension of the other spring to be
decreased. The trolley is then released. The trolley accelerates and reaches its
maximum speed at the equilibrium position.
speed = . m s1 [4]
Co
mp
ile
da
nd
rea
rra
ng
e
db
yS
Assuming that the springs obey Hookes law, use the expression in (b) to determine the
maximum speed of the trolley.
UCLES 2006
9702/02/M/J/06
For
Examiners
Use
A spring is placed on a flat surface and different weights are placed on it, as shown in
Fig. 2.1.
Sh
aky
a
weights
nd
ra
spring
ha
Fig. 2.1
The variation with weight of the compression of the spring is shown in Fig. 2.2.
aji
tC
4
compression
/ cm
db
yS
rra
ng
e
10
da
nd
rea
20
30
40
weight / N
Fig. 2.2
mp
ile
(a) (i)
Co
k = ........................................... N m1 [2]
UCLES 2008
9702/02/M/J/08
For
Examiners
Use
Deduce that the strain energy stored in the spring is 0.49 J for a compression of
3.5 cm.
nd
ra
Sh
aky
a
(ii)
[2]
aji
tC
thread
spring
trolley
mass 2400g
db
yS
trolley
mass 800g
ha
(b) Two trolleys, of masses 800 g and 2400 g, are free to move on a horizontal table. The
spring in (a) is placed between the trolleys and the trolleys are tied together using thread
so that the compression of the spring is 3.5 cm, as shown in Fig. 2.3.
rra
ng
e
Fig. 2.3
mp
ile
da
nd
is equal to 3.0.
rea
Co
[2]
UCLES 2008
9702/02/M/J/08
For
Examiners
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Use the answers in (a)(ii) and (b)(i) to calculate the speed of the trolley of mass
800 g.
nd
ra
Sh
aky
a
(ii)
Co
mp
ile
da
nd
rea
rra
ng
e
db
yS
aji
tC
ha
UCLES 2008
9702/02/M/J/08
For
Examiners
Use
A spring having spring constant k hangs vertically from a fixed point. A load of weight L, when
hung from the spring, causes an extension e. The elastic limit of the spring is not exceeded.
(i)
aky
a
(a) State
what is meant by an elastic deformation,
Sh
..................................................................................................................................
nd
ra
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii)
rra
ng
e
db
yS
aji
tC
ha
............................................................................................................................ [1]
Co
mp
ile
da
nd
rea
UCLES 2009
9702/21/M/J/09
For
Examiners
Use
(b) Some identical springs, each with spring constant k, are arranged as shown in Fig. 4.1.
spring constant of
arrangement
aky
a
total extension
nd
ra
Sh
arrangement
yS
aji
tC
ha
db
da
nd
rea
rra
ng
e
ile
Fig. 4.1
mp
(ii)
Co
(i)
[5]
UCLES 2009
9702/21/M/J/09
For
Examiners
Use
(a) In the following list of solids, underline those materials which are crystalline.
rubber
copper
nylon
glass
aluminium
[2]
F/N
Sh
F/N
aky
a
(b) The three graphs A, B and C of Fig. 5.1 represent the variation with extension x of the
tension F in specimens of three different materials. One of the materials is polymeric, one
is brittle and the other is ductile. They are not shown in that order in Fig. 5.1.
an
dra
A
1
0
0
Ch
F/N
4
x/mm
x/mm
jit
Sa
by
1
0
40
ed
20
60
x/mm
ng
Fig. 5.1
State the type of material which would produce the line shown in each graph.
rea
rra
(i)
Use graph B to estimate the work done in stretching the specimen from 0 to 4 mm.
mp
ile
(ii)
[2]
da
nd
Co
10 For
Examiners
Use
[3]
[Turn over
11
Sh
aky
a
An aluminium wire of length 1.8 m and area of cross-section 1.7 106 m2 has one end fixed
to a rigid support. A small weight hangs from the free end, as illustrated in Fig. 9.1.
wire
nd
ra
1.8 m
aji
tC
Fig. 9.1
ha
weight
The resistance of the wire is 0.030 and the Young modulus of aluminium is 7.1 1010 Pa.
yS
mp
ile
(ii)
increase = Pa
da
nd
rea
rra
ng
e
(i)
db
(a) Calculate
Co
change = . m
[4]
9702/2/O/N/02
For
Examiners
Use
12
nd
ra
Sh
aky
a
(b) Assuming that the area of cross-section of the wire does not change when the load is
increased, determine the change in resistance of the wire.
Co
mp
ile
da
nd
rea
rra
ng
e
db
yS
aji
tC
ha
change = [3]
9702/2/O/N/02
For
Examiners
Use
13
(a) A metal wire has an unstretched length L and area of cross-section A. When the wire
supports a load F, the wire extends by an amount L. The wire obeys Hookes law.
(i)
aky
a
(ii)
Sh
...................................................................................................................................
the tensile strain in the wire,
(iii)
nd
ra
...................................................................................................................................
the Young modulus of the material of the wire.
ha
...................................................................................................................................
[3]
aji
tC
(b) A steel wire of uniform cross-sectional area 7.9 107 m2 is heated to a temperature of
650 K. It is then clamped between two rigid supports, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
yS
0.62 m
rra
ng
e
db
rigid
support
wire
Fig. 5.1
rea
The wire is straight but not under tension and the length between the supports is
0.62 m. The wire is then allowed to cool to 300 K.
Show that the change in length of the wire, if it were allowed to contract as it cools
from 650 K to 300 K, would be 2.6 mm.
mp
ile
(i)
da
nd
When the wire is allowed to contract freely, a 1.00 m length of the wire decreases in
length by 0.012 mm for every 1 K decrease in temperature.
Co
[2]
UCLES 2004
9702/02/O/N/04
For
Examiners
Use
14
The Young modulus of steel is 2.0 1011 Pa. Calculate the tension in the wire at
300 K, assuming that the wire obeys Hookes law.
nd
ra
Sh
aky
a
(ii)
tension = N [2]
ha
The ultimate tensile stress of steel is 250 MPa. Use this information and your
answer in (ii) to suggest whether the wire will, in practice, break as it cools.
db
yS
aji
tC
(iii)
rra
ng
e
...................................................................................................................................
Co
mp
ile
da
nd
rea
............................................................................................................................. [3]
UCLES 2004
9702/02/O/N/04
For
Examiners
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15
(a) (i)
aky
a
R
is equal to the strain in the wire.
R
yS
aji
tC
ha
nd
ra
(ii)
Sh
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
[2]
db
(b) A steel wire has area of cross-section 1.20 107 m2 and a resistance of 4.17 .
rra
ng
e
The tension in the wire is increased from zero to 72.0 N. The wire obeys Hookes law at
these values of tension.
mp
ile
da
nd
rea
Determine the strain in the wire and hence its change in resistance. Express your
answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
change = [5]
Co
UCLES 2006
9702/02/O/N/06
For
Examiners
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16
A sample of material in the form of a cylindrical rod has length L and uniform area of
cross-section A. The rod undergoes an increasing tensile stress until it breaks.
Fig. 4.1 shows the variation with stress of the strain in the rod.
aky
a
strain
nd
ra
breaking
point
Sh
0.02
yS
10
stress / 10 Pa
8
db
aji
tC
ha
0.01
Fig. 4.1
rra
ng
e
(a) State whether the material of the rod is ductile, brittle or polymeric.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
Co
mp
ile
da
nd
rea
UCLES 2007
9702/02/O/N/07
For
Examiners
Use
17
(c) A second cylindrical rod of the same material has a spherical bubble in it, as illustrated
in Fig. 4.2.
aky
a
bubble
cylindrical rod
1.9 x 103 N
nd
ra
Sh
1.9 x 103 N
cross-sectional area
3.2 x 106 m2
ha
Fig. 4.2
rra
ng
e
db
yS
aji
tC
The rod has an area of cross-section of 3.2 106 m2 and is stretched by forces of
magnitude 1.9 103 N.
By reference to Fig. 4.1, calculate the maximum area of cross-section of the bubble
such that the rod does not break.
rea
Fig. 4.3
ile
da
nd
(d) A straight rod of the same material is bent as shown in Fig. 4.3.
mp
Suggest why a thin rod can bend more than a thick rod without breaking.
..........................................................................................................................................
Co
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
UCLES 2007
9702/02/O/N/07
For
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18
Sh
aky
a
nd
ra
wire
ha
load W
aji
tC
Fig. 4.1
When the load of magnitude W is attached to the wire, it extends by an amount e. The elastic
limit of the wire is not exceeded.
(a) (i)
yS
db
..................................................................................................................................
rra
ng
e
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii)
rea
da
nd
Co
mp
ile
E = ............................................... [1]
UCLES 2009
9702/21/O/N/09
For
Examiners
Use
19
(b) A steel wire has resistance 0.44 . Steel has resistivity 9.2 108 m.
aky
a
A load of 34 N hung from the end of the wire causes an extension of 7.7 104 m.
ha
nd
ra
Sh
Co
mp
ile
da
nd
rea
rra
ng
e
db
yS
aji
tC
E = .......................................... Pa [3]
UCLES 2009
9702/21/O/N/09
For
Examiners
Use
20
10
aky
a
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Sh
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
nd
ra
Show that the energy E stored in the spring when it has been extended elastically by an
amount x is given by
Co
mp
ile
da
nd
rea
rra
ng
e
db
yS
aji
tC
ha
E = 12 kx 2.
UCLES 2009
9702/22/O/N/09
[3]
For
Examiners
Use
21
fixed point
fixed point
14.2 cm
nd
ra
Sh
fixed point
aky
a
(c) A light spring of unextended length 14.2 cm is suspended vertically from a fixed point,
as illustrated in Fig. 4.1.
17.8 cm
Fig. 4.1
Fig. 4.2
yS
3.8 N
aji
tC
ha
16.3 cm
3.8 N
Fig. 4.3
db
A mass of weight 3.8 N is hung from the end of the spring, as shown in Fig. 4.2.
The length of the spring is now 16.3 cm.
rra
ng
e
An additional force F then extends the spring so that its length becomes 17.8 cm, as
shown in Fig. 4.3.
The spring obeys Hookes law and the elastic limit of the spring is not exceeded.
Show that the spring constant of the spring is 1.8 N cm1.
ile
da
nd
rea
(i)
Co
mp
[1]
UCLES 2009
9702/22/O/N/09
For
Examiners
Use
22
(ii)
For the extension of the spring from a length of 16.3 cm to a length of 17.8 cm,
calculate the change in the gravitational potential energy of the mass on the
spring,
ha
nd
ra
Sh
aky
a
1.
aji
tC
show that the change in elastic potential energy of the spring is 0.077 J,
[1]
Co
mp
ile
da
nd
rea
3.
rra
ng
e
db
yS
2.
UCLES 2009
9702/22/O/N/09
For
Examiners
Use
23
For
Examiners
Use
aky
a
1. tensile stress,
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
Sh
2. tensile strain,
nd
ra
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
ha
aji
tC
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
Suggest why the Young modulus is not used to describe the deformation of a liquid
or a gas.
yS
(ii)
..................................................................................................................................
db
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
rra
ng
e
(b) The change V in the volume V of some water when the pressure on the water increases
by p is given by the expression
p = 2.2 109
V
,
V
rea
da
nd
..........................................................................................................................................
mp
ile
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
Co
11
UCLES 2008
9702/02/M/J/08
24
ha
nd
ra
Sh
aky
a
Divers in water of density 1.08 103 kg m3 frequently use an approximation that every
10 m increase in depth of water is equivalent to one atmosphere increase in pressure.
Determine the percentage error in this approximation.
Co
mp
ile
da
nd
rea
rra
ng
e
db
yS
aji
tC
UCLES 2008
9702/02/M/J/08
For
Examiners
Use
8
3
(a) The variation with extension x of the tension F in a spring is shown in Fig. 3.1.
200
F /N
Sh
a
ky
150
nd
ra
100
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
x /cm
by
Sa
jit
C
ha
50
rra
ng
ed
Fig. 3.1
Co
mp
il
ed
an
dr
ea
Use Fig. 3.1 to calculate the energy stored in the spring for an extension of 4.0 cm.
Explain your working.
UCLES 2010
9702/21/M/J/10
For
Examiners
Use
9
(b) The spring in (a) is used to join together two frictionless trolleys A and B of mass M1 and
M2 respectively, as shown in Fig. 3.2.
For
Examiners
Use
spring
trolley A
mass M1
Sh
a
ky
trolley B
mass M2
ra
Fig. 3.2
nd
The trolleys rest on a horizontal surface and are held apart so that the spring is
extended.
Explain why, as the extension of the spring is reduced, the momentum of trolley A
is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the momentum of trolley B.
jit
C
(i)
ha
Sa
..................................................................................................................................
by
..................................................................................................................................
rra
ng
ed
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
1.
ea
At the instant when the extension of the spring is zero, trolley A has speed V1 and
trolley B has speed V2.
Write down
an equation, based on momentum, to relate V1 and V2,
an
dr
(ii)
..................................................................................................................................
an equation to relate the initial energy E stored in the spring to the final
energies of the trolleys.
mp
il
2.
ed
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
Co
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
UCLES 2010
9702/21/M/J/10
[Turn over
10
(iii)
1.
jit
C
2.
[1]
ha
nd
ra
Sh
a
ky
EK =
Sa
..................................................................................................................................
Co
mp
il
ed
an
dr
ea
rra
ng
ed
by
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
UCLES 2010
9702/21/M/J/10
For
Examiners
Use
12
5
(a) Tensile forces are applied to opposite ends of a copper rod so that the rod is stretched.
The variation with stress of the strain of the rod is shown in Fig. 5.1.
2.5
stress / 108 Pa
Sh
a
ky
2.0
ra
1.5
jit
C
ha
nd
1.0
0
1.0
2.0
rra
ng
ed
by
Sa
0.5
4.0
3.0
5.0
strain / 103
Fig. 5.1
Co
mp
il
ed
an
dr
ea
(i)
(ii)
UCLES 2010
On Fig. 5.1, sketch a line to show the variation with stress of the strain of the rod as
the stress is reduced from 2.5 106 Pa to zero. No further calculations are expected.
[1]
9702/22/M/J/10
For
Examiners
Use
13
(b) The walls of the tyres on a car are made of a rubber compound.
The variation with stress of the strain of a specimen of this rubber compound is shown
in Fig. 5.2.
For
Examiners
Use
nd
strain
ha
ra
Sh
a
ky
stress
jit
C
Fig. 5.2
As the car moves, the walls of the tyres bend and straighten continuously.
Sa
Use Fig. 5.2 to explain why the walls of the tyres become warm.
by
..........................................................................................................................................
rra
ng
ed
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Co
mp
il
ed
an
dr
ea
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
UCLES 2010
9702/22/M/J/10
[Turn over
10
4
For
Examiners
Use
ky
a
(i)
(ii)
aS
ha
............................................................................................................................ [1]
the strain ,
............................................................................................................................ [1]
the Young modulus E,
dr
(iii)
the resistance R.
Ch
(iv)
an
............................................................................................................................ [1]
jit
............................................................................................................................ [1]
by
Sa
(b) One end of a metal wire of length 2.6 m and constant area of cross-section 3.8 107 m2
is attached to a fixed point, as shown in Fig. 4.1.
2.6 m
rra
ng
ed
wire
Fig. 4.1
Co
m
pi
le
da
nd
re
a
load
30 N
UCLES 2010
9702/21/O/N/10
11
The Young modulus of the material of the wire is 7.0 1010 Pa and its resistivity
is 2.6 108 m.
A load of 30 N is attached to the lower end of the wire. Assume that the area of
cross-section of the wire does not change.
For this load of 30 N,
ky
a
[1]
rra
ng
ed
by
Sa
jit
(ii)
Ch
an
dr
aS
ha
(i)
For
Examiners
Use
da
nd
re
a
(c) The resistance of the wire changes with the applied load.
Comment on the suggestion that this change of resistance could be used to measure
the magnitude of the load on the wire.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Co
m
pi
le
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
UCLES 2010
9702/21/O/N/10
[Turn over
10
4
(a) A metal wire has spring constant k. Forces are applied to the ends of the wire to extend
it within the limit of Hookes law.
Show that, for an extension x, the strain energy E stored in the wire is given by
For
Examiners
Use
an
dr
aS
ha
ky
a
E = 12 kx 2.
[4]
jit
Ch
(b) The wire in (a) is now extended beyond its elastic limit. The forces causing the extension
are then removed.
The variation with extension x of the tension F in the wire is shown in Fig. 4.1.
by
Sa
80
ed
60
ng
F/N
re
a
rra
40
da
nd
20
Co
m
pi
le
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x / mm
1.0
Fig. 4.1
UCLES 2010
On Fig. 4.1, shade the area that represents the energy ES.
9702/22/O/N/10
[1]
11
Use Fig. 4.1 to calculate the energy ES.
For
Examiners
Use
aS
ha
ky
a
(ii)
ES = ............................................ mJ [3]
Suggest the change in the structure of the wire that is caused by the energy ES.
dr
(iii)
an
..................................................................................................................................
Co
m
pi
le
da
nd
re
a
rra
ng
ed
by
Sa
jit
Ch
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
UCLES 2010
9702/22/O/N/10
[Turn over
8
A spring hangs vertically from a fixed point and a mass of 94 g is suspended from the spring,
stretching the spring as shown in Fig. 5.1.
For
Examiners
Use
mass
94 g
aS
ha
ky
a
Fig. 5.2
Fig. 5.3
an
Fig. 5.1
dr
2.6 cm
jit
Ch
The mass is raised vertically so that the length of the spring is its unextended length. This is
illustrated in Fig. 5.2.
Sa
The mass is then released. The mass moves through a vertical distance of 2.6 cm before
temporarily coming to rest. This position is illustrated in Fig. 5.3.
ed
(i)
by
(a) State which diagram, Fig. 5.1, Fig. 5.2 or Fig. 5.3, illustrates the position of the mass
such that
rra
(ii)
ng
............................................................................................................................ [1]
re
a
............................................................................................................................ [1]
da
nd
(b) Briefly describe the variation of the kinetic energy of the mass as the mass falls from its
highest position (Fig. 5.2) to its lowest position (Fig. 5.3).
..........................................................................................................................................
Co
m
pi
le
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
UCLES 2010
9702/23/O/N/10
9
(c) The strain energy E stored in the spring is given by the expression
For
Examiners
Use
E = 1 kx 2
2
For the mass moving between the positions shown in Fig. 5.2 and Fig. 5.3,
calculate the change in the gravitational potential energy of the mass,
Ch
an
dr
aS
ha
(i)
ky
a
determine the extension of the spring at which the strain energy is half its maximum
value.
Co
m
pi
le
da
nd
re
a
rra
ng
ed
by
Sa
(ii)
jit
UCLES 2010
9702/23/O/N/10
[Turn over
10
4
For
Examiners
Use
by
Sa
jit
Ch
an
dr
aS
ha
ky
a
(a) Describe, with the aid of a diagram, the apparatus that could be used.
ed
..........................................................................................................................................
ng
..........................................................................................................................................
rra
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
re
a
da
nd
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
le
..........................................................................................................................................
Co
m
pi
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
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9702/22/M/J/11
11
(c) Describe how the measurements taken can be used to determine the Young modulus.
..........................................................................................................................................
For
Examiners
Use
..........................................................................................................................................
ky
a
..........................................................................................................................................
aS
ha
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
dr
..........................................................................................................................................
an
..........................................................................................................................................
Ch
..........................................................................................................................................
Co
m
pi
le
da
nd
re
a
rra
ng
ed
by
Sa
jit
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
UCLES 2011
9702/22/M/J/11
[Turn over
10
4
For
Examiners
Use
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
aS
ha
ky
a
(b) A spring is compressed by applying a force. The variation with compression x of the
force F is shown in Fig. 4.1.
60
dr
F/N
Ch
an
40
0
20
30
by
10
40
50
x / mm
ed
Sa
jit
20
da
nd
re
a
rra
(i)
ng
Fig. 4.1
Co
m
pi
le
(ii)
UCLES 2011
[2]
9702/23/M/J/11
11
(c) A childs toy uses the spring in (b) to shoot a small ball vertically upwards. The ball has
a mass of 25 g. The toy is shown in Fig. 4.2.
ky
a
ball
aS
ha
spring
Fig. 4.2
Sa
jit
Ch
an
dr
(i)
For
Examiners
Use
Determine the compression of the spring required for the ball to leave the spring
with twice the speed determined in (i).
da
nd
re
a
rra
ng
ed
(ii)
by
(iii)
Co
m
pi
le
UCLES 2011
9702/23/M/J/11
[Turn over
10
4
For
Examiners
Use
stress,
..................................................................................................................................
strain.
aS
ha
(ii)
ky
a
............................................................................................................................. [1]
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
Ch
an
dr
(b) A wire of length 1.70 m hangs vertically from a fixed point, as shown in Fig. 4.1.
by
Sa
jit
wire
ed
25.0 N
ng
Fig. 4.1
da
nd
re
a
(i)
rra
The wire has cross-sectional area 5.74 108 m2 and is made of a material that has a
Young modulus of 1.60 1011 Pa. A load of 25.0 N is hung from the wire.
The same load is hung from a second wire of the same material. This wire is
twice the length but the same volume as the first wire. State and explain how the
extension of the second wire compares with that of the first wire.
Co
m
pi
le
(ii)
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UCLES 2011
9702/21/M/J/11